Project management has become a distinctive way to manage business activities nowadays. Hence, project managers play a key role to manage a project. A generally accepted definition of a project manager is „the person that is assigned to ensure that project objectives are achieved‟; the project manager is the person responsible for the day-to-day management of the project and all of its elements. As project contain many tasks are performed concurrently with each other contain defined constraints that require one task to be completed before another starts particularly from both theoretical and practical perspectives undertaken to create a unique product or service. In project management research from the perspective of its relationship to allied disciplines in the engineering field and provides a view of the progress of project management as a research-based academic discipline. The evolution and trends of project management research are analyzed by exploring, identifying, and classifying engineering management journal articles on project management in the allied disciplines. The analysis of project management research in the allied disciplines reveals an explosion of popularity and strong interest in project management research. Result of this study help us better understand the how to write project as a field of

• To enable students to explore the wide range of topics, gives an opportunity for innovation, search for professional literature and apply the problem solving approaches.

• To help students in setting projects goals and utilizing of available resources in terms of faculty, staff, library, laboratory etc. in an optimum manner.

• To develop managerial skills in students while working in a team, creative skills by demonstrating novel engineering solutions, communication skills while presenting their end application and an awareness of social and ethical ramifications of their work.

• To teach writing a technical document and help students to represent the professional literature.

 To train students to apply the scientific methods and the problem solving approaches studied in earlier courses to

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• To help students in utilization of the available resources in terms of faculty, staff, library, laboratory etc. in an optimum manner

• To develop managerial skills in students while working in a team, creative skills by demonstrating novel engineering solutions , communication skills while presenting their end application and an awareness of social and ethical ramifications of their work.

• To teach writing a technical document and help students to represent the professional literature

1) Chemical Engineering Studies & Surveys: This includes support for carrying out chemical engineering studies / surveys including techno-economic analysis, simulation modeling and studies etc; and development of State chemical engineering database, chemical engineering resources; State chemical engineering policy issues; specific status reports etc: The activities under this head should lead to specific action plan for project generation. 2) Location specific research & technology development: Support for identifying/ projectising chemical engineering programmes and for development oriented location specific research and technology development. 3) Pilot scale demonstration projects: Pilot scale demonstration projects including field trials etc based on technologies developed by Central Chemical Engineering Agencies/ Labs/ Institutions etc. relevant to the State needs. 4) Replication of success models: Replication of successful projects/programmes in other interested States based on successful experiences of a State chemical engineering council/ State chemical engineering institute/ NGOs etc. 5) Joint Programming: To evolve and support certain joint programmes focusing on multi-sectoral area based approach to rural/ regional development in cooperation with multiple State & Central Institutions, NGO‟s and State Chemical Engineering Councils. These areas should be so identified where Chemical Engineering intervention could significantly improve the existing socio-economic conditions. interaction of Chemical Engineering experts and / or of Chemical Engineering field activists etc: Workshops on dissemination of specific technology, Project/programme formulation workshops.

• The topic should be relevant and contemporary

• It should base on real issues

• Availability of data should be taken into account

• Time available at hand should be considered

• It should not be imaginary or unreal

• It should cover broader area of effect

• It must be specific

• It may be interdisciplinary

• Applicability of it should also be considered

Following are some of the guidelines to prepare the synopsis/ project proposal.  The project should have a clear title

• Importance and significance of the subject should be highlighted.

• Objectives of the study should be clearly mentioned.

• Hypotheses to be tested should be properly sited.

• Research methodology of the proposed project to be undertaken should be well described.

• Expected contribution of the proposed project should be well defined.

• Chapterization should be given in the synopsis.

The student should discuss the subject of research project with his supervisor before deciding the research problem and the title of the project. The research process begins with selecting and defining a research problem properly. It is essential here that student himself is clear about the problem that prevails somewhere in some organization. He must have sensed the symptoms of the problem. He himself must be aware that it exist and is a cause of dislocation of work or causing some unrest in the organization. solution for the same”.

• Organization or individual are living in an environment which is uncontrollable

• Where there are more than two alternative solutions or courses of action

• There is more than one outcome

• Each alternative offers different outcome. That means the comparison, evaluation and analysis is possible.

The research problem must be reflected in project title. And project title should not contain any ambiguous theme. Even by reading the title of the project one having reasonable knowledge of the subject should be in position to make out the theme of the project. The title of the project should not be too short (which express the very wide area of knowledge) or too long (which covers every minute detail of the theme). Title should be -

• Short but full

• Concise and clear

• Express the subject

• Focus the core area of the research undertaken

• Contain the period if specific

• If necessary reveal the name of the firm.

a. National Status Review

Literature survey is a background work that is made personally. It is based on books and academic publications. The topics of the literature surveys are selected so that they support the project. The main goal of a literature survey is to gather a basis for the practical work and to show that the student is familiar

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simply a list of pertinent references, each considered in isolation. In addition to conveying an understanding of the topic, a good literature review critically evaluates key ideas and observations while making meaningful comparisons between the works of various authors. In reviewing the work that has been performed on a particular topic to date, it should be possible to identify knowledge gaps or inconsistencies, which may form the bias for future experimental work. Following are some of the key sources for conducting literature surveys: 1. Journal papers (Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, AICHE etc) 2. International conference papers 3. Academic reference books, encyclopedia 4. Patent search 5. Websites of core industries a. Data sheets b. Application notes c. Videos d. Software manuals

In introduction student is expected to give brief view of the subject. The focus here should be to create awareness about the subject in the mind of the reader. If Student is covering different dimensions of the subject all that must be explained briefly. The intention must be to give an overview of the subject. By going through it the reader must get an understanding that student is having sufficient theoretical knowledge of the subject and can explore something in depth. He should be introduced to the problem and the subject student intends to deal with. Here the student should start with wider perspective of the subject and should take the reader to the specific problem. The problem or issue should be explained/ introduced in brief.

Student has to explain the importance of the subject here. Why in his opinion the subject is important is to be explained in brief. Importance of every subject is different, and it is always based on the place, location, firm, kind of firm, product etc. All these aspects are to be covered under this head. For example; if student wants to deal with the subject working capital, then he must explain the concept of working capital by quoting one or two definitions. Further he should explain how the efficient utilization of working capital is important

Here objectives of the study undertaken are to be stated. At this level five to seven objectives are more than enough. Objectives are the answer to the question 'what aspects student wants to know by doing this project'? Objectives must address the various issues he is going to deal with in the said project.

• Clear and precise

• Capable of being tested

• Limited in scope and must be specific

• Expressed in most simple way

• Must be consistent with known facts

• Amenable to testing within limited time

 Must be stating relationship between variables.

There is forwarding linking between hypothesis and Chapterization. The issues of various aspects raised by hypothesis must find place in Chapterization. In Chapterization there must be a chapter or heading with the sentence of assumption. Hypothesis can be positive or negative. So we can say that hypothesis states what student looks for and it is proposition which can be tested to determine its validity. Few examples of Hypothesis:

• Absenteeism in ABC Company limited is the indication of low morale and poor management initiative.

• ABC Company limited has improved its financial position during past 3 years, i.e. from 2012 to 2015.

• ABC Company has improved its market standing through its service in Mumbai city.

• Present Management Information system in ABC Insurance Ltd. is adequate and enables the top management in its decision making.

• ABC banks consumers are happy with the quality of the services rendered.

a. Sample b. Sources of data collection c. Method of processing the data collected a. Sample: It is assumed that the student will explain how he has determined sample design or sample size. He must give logical explanation for sample size/design he chooses. In short there should be some plan for collection of data the research work needs how it will be obtained and why this sample size is taken. Further the student should give details about the sample selected and sample size. He is expected to give justification for the chosen sample. The sample size should be significant. He should try to reach to maximum respondents. Another aspect which he should deal with is the method used for sample designs. The sample designs are - 1. Deliberate sampling 2. Simple random sampling 5. Quota sampling 6. Cluster sampling and area sampling 7. Multi-stage sampling 8. Sequential sampling Appropriate method of sampling is to be followed for the research/ project work. It is not possible to quote examples of all these methods, so for the sake of understanding a brief example is given. For example: If a bank under study is having 5000 customers at present. He should give brief account of his sample i.e. Sample size for this study is 1000 customers. i.e. 20% of total customers It comprises 500 men below 60 years of age 200 senior citizens (of which 25% women) 100 Working women below 60 years of age 100 College students 100 House wives b. Sources of data collection: Which source whether primary or secondary source of data collection the student is going to explore for his study is essentially be mentioned. Mentioning the titles of the documents he is referring is a welcome gesture, but if not, it doesn't matters at all at this level. For example: For data collection questionnaire will be served to 1000customers as primary source of information. The student will conduct unstructured interviews of 50 customers. As he himself is working there will be get chance to observe the customers too. Hence Questionnaire method, observation method and interview method will be uses to collect the data. If he is using annual reports newspaper cuttings of the bank for the some information. It should be Annual reports and financial statements of the bank will also be used for the study as secondary source of data collection. OR Primary source of data collection –

• Questionnaire to 1000 customers

• Unstructured interviews of 50 customers

 Observation method

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• Bank periodicals of last 3 years.

c. Method of data processing: Here it is expected that student will give brief idea of data processing. The econometric tools or statistical tools and techniques, the student intends to use need to be mentioned. In nutshell student is expected to give the process he will follow, tools and techniques he will use to reach to the conclusion or to test his hypothesis.

Phase-wise plan of action up-to post project activities detailing time schedule Milestones may clearly be indicated. PERT chart may be attached. 11. Chapterization: It is scheme of chapters. Sequential and logical arrangement of the chapter‟s student proposes for the study. Student has full freedom to design the Chapterization. Chapterization should

• cover all the related issues

• not have too many chapters

• maintain the flow of the subject and have logical sequence

• not be overlapping

• have sufficient number of subheadings

• be clear and concise

12. Expected Contribution: Here the student is expected to discuss how his project will enhance the present level of knowledge. In which way it is going to help the organization under study. What contribution will it make in the field of study? How the industry, customer, a business unit will be benefited or improve as a result of this project is to be expressed here. In other words expected contribution means practical use or benefit the society may enjoy due to his efforts is to be expressed here.

a. New/ Upgraded Product b. New/ Up-scaled Process c. New/ Upgraded System d. Services (including Software) 14. Challenge & Constraints Please identify strengths and weaknesses of the implementer‟s vis-à-vis current project in terms of technical expertise, team building, past record etc. Also list the perceived opportunities and threats and describe how PI/Organization proposes to capitalize on them or avert them.

a. Initiative and Implementations

• Encouraging and facilitating more in-house projects to be done by students in the campus facilities under the guidance of faculty members.

• Encouraging and facilitating students to do projects for specific industry leading to the use of completed projects to be used by the industry for a larger social cause.

• Establishing projects supporting programmes on institute level.

• Installing the completed projects in the Departmental Labs for possible further work by next set of students and demonstration to visitors.

• Encouraging and facilitating the students to publish papers in national and international conferences on the projects completed.

• Awarding the „best student project‟ to one student in each Alumni Meet.

• Encouragement to take up mini projects of social relevance where in innovation is an integral part and offering financial assistance for the successful completion of these types of project works.

b. Project Quality Aspects

• Technical Quality, as measured by Defect Counts and positive counts or indicators.

• Perception of Quality, a subjective factor that can be measured by such indicators as Student Involvement and Stakeholder Satisfaction

involvement in key project activities; expected vs. actual.

• Planned vs. actual cumulative review count

• Assessment Measures: Customer satisfaction surveys; stakeholder expectations evaluation.

d. Project Groups Competencies

• Using tools interactively (use language, symbols and texts interactively, use knowledge and information interactively, use technology interactively);

• Interacting in heterogeneous groups (relates well to others, co-operate, work in teams, manage and resolve conflicts);

• Acting autonomously (acts within the big picture, form and conducts life plans and personal projects, defends and asserts rights, interests, limits and needs).

The project having the characteristic is unique and temporary. In any case, it is necessary to consider the nature of the potential project, characteristics of different projects, advantages and disadvantages of every organizational form, different preferences in the culture of the home organization, as well as to reach the best possible compromise. It is generally considered that the functional model would be the best choice for projects where the major focus is oriented on the qualitative technology application. Thus by following the above said framework project outcome concludes ability to;

• Acquire the thinking pattern which explores wide range of topics for innovation

• Learn the technique of analysis, classification and then selection of appropriate literature.

• Learn the methodology to apply the problem solving approaches

• Learn to communicate effectively with others to discuss technical, social needs and find an engineering solution.

• Learn the methodology to apply the problem solving approaches.

• Learn practicing to maintain and prepare a project report / synopsis, report of the work done as an evidence of an ability to work independently and in a group for the given task

• Prove themselves with performance with emphasis on effort, organization, creativity and initiative.

A K Munns and B F Bjeirmi (1996). The role of project management in achieving project success, International Journal of Project Management Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 81-87. Dušan Bobera (2008). Project Management Organization, Management Information Systems, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 003-009 Ing. Jana Samáková, Ing. Kristína Koltnerová (2013). Doc. Ing. Rudolf Rybanský, Project Communication in Functions, Process and Project-Oriented Industiral Companies, Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology. Volume 20, Issue Special Number, Pages 120–125, ISSN (Online) 1338-0532, ISSN (Print) 1336-1589, DOI: 10.2478/v10186-012-0020-7, February 2013. Karin Dyason, Jonathan Harle (2013). Research project management in African universities, Regional and Thematic Papers on Research Management 2009–2013. Lavagnon A. Ika, Amadou Diallo and Denis Thuillier (2010). Project management in the international development industry the project coordinator‟s perspective, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 61-93. Lionel galway (2004). Quantitative Risk Analysis for Project Management, WR-112-RC February 2004. Nicholas G. (2012). Hall, project management: recent developments and research opportunities, J Syst Sci Syst Eng (Jun 2012) 21(2): pp. 129-143. Pollyana Notargiacomo Mustaro & Rogério Rossi (2013). Project Management Principles Applied in Academic Research Projects,

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Roland Gareis, Martina Huemann (2000). Project Management Competences in the Project-oriented Organisation, The Gower Handbook of Project Management, JR Turner and SJ Simister (ed), Gower, Aldershot, pp. 709-721. Ying Zhang, Christopher Marquis, Sergey Filippov, Henk-Jan Haasnoot, and Martijn van der Steen (2015). The Challenges and Enhancing Opportunities of Global Project Management: Evidence from Chinese and Dutch Cross-Cultural Project Management, Working Paper 15-063. Young Hoon Kwak, Frank T. Anbari (2009). Analyzing project management research: Perspectives from top management journals, International Journal of Project Management 27, pp. 435–446.

Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, (MS) India E-Mail – indrajityadavpatil@gmail.com