The portal was launched to improve the quality of service delivery to the citizen and the quality of work environment of the RTOs. Its mission has been to automate all Vehicle Registration and Driving License related activities in transport authorities of country with introduction of smart card technology to handle issues like inter-state transport vehicle movement and to create state and national level registers of vehicles/DL information. The latest initiative has been to centralize both applications- VAHAN and SARATHI, for ensuring higher transparency, security and reliability of operations through a countrywide unified database and provision of a highly citizen and trade centric web enabled environment. Website: https://parivahan.gov.in/parivahan/

Online Labs (OLabs) for school lab experiments provides students with the ease and convenience of conducting experiments over the internet. It has been developed to supplement the traditional physical labs and bridge the constraints of time and geographical distances. This not only reduces the costs incurred for student the flexibility to explore and repeat experiments till they are thorough. Website: http://www.olabs.edu.in/

Nirbhaya: Be Fearless© is an android emergency application, which can send a distress call or emergency message to a specified contact or group in an emergency situation faced by a woman or any other individual in general. Correct Location, Information and Communication, with and from the app is dependent upon the basic hardware/software requirements, like - Active Data plan, SMS plan, minimum talk time and active GPS functionality. Website: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.smartcloud.nirbhaya&hl=en

To monitor Revised National Tuberculosis Programme (RNTCP) effectively, a web enabled and case based monitoring application called NIKSHAY has been developed by National Informatics Centre (NIC). This is used by health functionaries at various levels across the country in association with Central TB Division (CTD), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. NIKSHAY covers various aspects of controlling TB using technological innovations. Apart from web based technology, SMS services have been used effectively for communication with patients and monitoring the programme on day to day basis. Website: http://nikshay.gov.in/User/Login.aspx

The portal was developed with an aim to provide single window service electors. Through NVSP, a user can avail and access various services such as access the electoral list, apply for voter id card, apply online for corrections in voter‟s card, view details of Polling booth, Assembly Constituency and Parliamentary constituency, and get the contact details of Booth Level officer, Electoral Registration Officer, among other services. Website: http://www.nvsp.in/

The initiative is part of the Government of India‟s efforts to spread the message of energy efficiency in the country. UJALA scheme aims to promote efficient use of energy at the residential level; enhance the

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uptake of LED lights by residential users. Website: http://www.ujala.gov.in/

NSP is a one-stop solution for end-to-end scholarship process right from the submission of student application, verification, sanction and disbursal to end beneficiary for all the scholarships provided by the Government of India. This initiative aims at providing a Simplified, Mission-oriented, Accountable, Responsive & Transparent 'SMART' System for faster & effective disposal of Scholarships applications and delivery of funds directly into beneficiaries account without any leakages. Website: http://scholarships.gov.in/

National Knowledge Network (NKN) project is aimed at establishing a strong and robust Indian network which will be capable of providing secure and reliable connectivity. Globally, frontier research and innovation are shifting towards multidisciplinary and collaborative paradigm and require substantial communication and computational power. In India, NKN with its multi-gigabit capability aims to connect all universities, research institutions, libraries, laboratories, healthcare and agricultural institutions across the country to address such paradigm shift. Website: http://nkn.gov.in/home

A national ICT based portal has been developed, primarily to connect opportunities with the aspirations of the youth. This portal facilitates registration of job seekers, job providers, skill providers, career counsellors, etc. Additionally, it provides job matching services in a highly transparent and user-friendly manner. These facilities along with career counselling will be delivered by the portal through multiple channels like career centers, mobile devices, CSCs, etc. Website: https://www.ncs.gov.in/

The web-based mechanism interconnects all the Blood Banks of the State into a single network. The Integrated Blood Bank MIS refers the acquisition, validation, storage and circulation of various live data and information electronically regarding blood donation and transfusion service. Such system is able to assemble heterogeneous data into legible reports to Website: http://www.eraktkosh.in/

Mother and Child Tracking System (MCTS) is an initiative of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare to leverage information technology for ensuring delivery of full spectrum of healthcare and immunization services to pregnant women and children up to 5 years of age. It facilitates and monitors service delivery and also establishes a two way communication between the service providers and beneficiaries. Website: http://nrhm-mcts.nic.in/Home.aspx

mKisan SMS Portal has been conceptualized to give a quantum leap in coverage of farmers and geographical area in a timely, specific, holistic and need based knowledge dissemination among the farmers by leveraging the power of mobile telephony in such a way that all sectors use this platform to not only reach out to the farmers but also to address their concerns and queries. Website: http://mkisan.gov.in/

MKavach is a comprehensive mobile device security solution with an emphasis and approach on protecting mobile device resources rather than scanning for malwares signatures. The major threats on mobile devices can be broadly categorized into data compromise, malicious applications, physical thefts and mis-utilization of hardware resources. M-Kavach is designed to provide protection against the above mentioned threats, through its features such as Secure Storage, Application Manager, Anti-Theft, Call/SMS filter and authorized access to device resources like WiFi, Bluetooth & Camera. Website: https://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=cs_eps_mkavach

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, in partnership with World Health Organization and the International Telecommunications Union, has started an initiative for utilizing mobile technology for tobacco cessation. WHO-ITU‟s „Be Healthy Be Mobile‟ initiative, aims to reach out to tobacco users of all categories who want to quit tobacco use and support them towards successful quitting through constant text messaging on mobile phones. Website: http://www.nhp.gov.in/quit-tobacco

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Government of India, has initiated the MCA21 project, which enables easy and secure access to MCA services in an assisted manner for corporate entities, professionals, and general public. The MCA21project is designed to fully automate all processes related to enforcement and compliance of the legal requirements under the Companies Act, 1956. The project further seeks to achieve inter-operability with the National e-Governance Services Delivery Gateway (NSDG), which will help extend MCA services to businesses via multiple front-end delivery channels, and which will also help provide other value-added services over and above the base services offered by MCA21. Website: http://www.mca.gov.in

mAsset is a mobile based tool that act as a supplement application to capture details such as photo and Geo-coordinates of the Assets into National Asset Directory (NAD). Additionally, this application is also used to capture the details of Asset (Category, sub-category, name of the Asset, Photo & Geo-coordinates) which are not available in the NAD application. NAD is one of the applications developed under Panchayat Enterprise Suite under e-Panchayat Mission Mode Project. Website: http://assetdirectory.gov.in/

Consular Services Management System (MADAD) has been setup for Indian Citizens to log and track Grievances pertaining to the Consular Services offered by the Indian Embassies (Missions/Posts) abroad. Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) with a view to provide mobile enablement of MADAD, has launched MADAD Mobile Application on Android, iOS, and Windows platforms. Website: http://www.madad.gov.in/AppConsular/welcomeLink

Learning Management System (LMS) is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of electronic courses (e-learning) and training programs. As a capacity building tool, LMS facilitates efficient administration of e-learning and training for various government officials both at center and states/union territories. It has the as per their roles envisaged in the e-Governance Competency Framework (eGCF). Website: https://lms.negd.in/

Digital India Program envisions to „Transform India into a Digitally Empowered Society and Knowledge Economy‟. To spearhead this vision, Knowledge Management Portal has been created to establish a culture where knowledge is captured, shared, created and reused. It provides a platform to leverage the transformation of data to knowledge by systematically aligning with the organizational goals and strategy. Website: https://kms.negd.in

Kisan Suvidha is an omnibus mobile app developed to help farmers get relevant information instantly. The app provide information on various details such as weather, market prices, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, agriculture machinery, dealers, agro advisories, plant protection and IPM practices etc. Other unique features like extreme weather alerts, market prices of commodity in nearest area and the maximum price in state as well as in India have been added to empower farmers in the best possible manner. Website: http://www.kisaansuvidha.com/

The Khoya Paya portal is a citizen-based website to exchange information on missing and found children. It has been developed by the Ministry of Women and Child Development and the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY). The website is an enabling platform, where citizens can report missing children, as well as sightings of their whereabouts without wasting much time. The „Found‟ children can also be reported on this web portal. The reporting can be done through text, photographs, videos and other means of transmitting and uploading information to the site. Website: http://khoyapaya.gov.in/mpp/home

SSNIP is World Bank's International Development Association (IDA) assisted project, implemented by Ministry of Women Child Development in 162 high

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Pradesh. The objectives of the project is to support the Government of India and participating States to (i) strengthen the ICDS policy framework, systems and capacities, and facilitate community engagement, to ensure greater focus on children below three years of age; and (ii) strengthen convergent actions for improved nutrition outcomes. Website: http://wcd.nic.in/issnip/home.htm

Himmat is an initiative by Delhi police especially for women. Himmat is an emergency service, comprised of an android emergency application, which can send a distress call or emergency message to Delhi Police officials and specified contact or group in an emergency situation faced by a woman. The Police personnel will get these SOS alerts and locations on a portal and as a SMS on their mobile phones as well.

The GST System Project is a unique and complex IT initiative. It is unique as it seeks, for the first time to establish a uniform interface for the tax payer and a common and shared IT infrastructure between the Centre and States. The portal envisions becoming a trusted National Information Utility (NIU) which provides reliable, efficient and robust IT Backbone for the smooth functioning of the Goods & Services Tax regimen enabling economic agents to leverage the entire nation as One Market with minimal Indirect Tax compliance cost. Website: http://www.gstn.org/index.php

The Portal has been developed through the Online Core Business Integrated System Project (OCBIS). The objective behind the Portal is to provide a single window access to the information and services being provided by the GSI for the broad geo-scientific community, citizens and other stakeholders. An attempt has been made through this Portal to provide comprehensive, accurate, reliable and single point source of information about GSI, its activities, achievements, geo-scientific information and its various facets.

Geographic Information System (GIS Software) is designed to store, retrieve, manage, display and analyze different types of geographic and spatial data, visualize spatial data and/or to build decision support systems for further use in any organization or research bodies. GIS stores data in geographical features and their characteristics; these features are typically classified as points, lines or areas, or as raster images. GIS stores information using spatial indices that make it possible to identify the features located in any arbitrary region of a map. Website: https://ncog.gov.in/

The FMS software monitors movement of various fertilizers at various stages in their value chain. The website provides information on fertilizer companies dealing with these fertilizers, the rate of concession on each fertilizer, its MRPs and product wise / statewide details of dispatch and receipts of fertilizers at different destinations across the country. Website: http://www.urvarak.co.in/

It is envisaged to make available relevant information and services to the farming community and private sector through the use of information and communication technologies, to supplement the existing delivery channels provided for by the department. Farmers‟ Portal is an endeavour in this direction to create one stop shop for meeting all informational needs relating to Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries sectors production, sale/storage of an Indian farmer. With this Indian Farmer will not be required to sift through maze of websites created for specific purposes. Website: http://farmer.gov.in/

The Ministry of Tourism supported the initiative regarding the implementation of Tourist Visa on Arrival enabled with Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) (renamed as e-Tourist Visa) strongly and committed all support to Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of External Affairs and Ministry of Civil Aviation for implementing this programme. The e-Tourist Visa enables the prospective visitor to apply for an Indian Visa from his/her home country online without visiting the Indian Mission and also pay the visa fee online. Website: https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/visa/tvoa.html

E-TAAL( Electronic Transaction Aggregation & Analysis Layer ) is a web portal for dissemination of e-Transactions statistics of National and State level e-Governance Projects including Mission Mode Projects. It receives transaction statistics from web based applications periodically on near real time basis. E-Taal presents quick analysis of transaction counts in tabular and graphical form to give quick view of transactions done by various e-Governance projects.

e-Sampark is a mechanism to connect the government directly with citizens across India by running mailer, outbound dialing and SMS campaigns. The platform is used for sharing informational and public service messages. The concept of E-Sampark has been introduced to establish proactive communication by digitization of campaigns. The multi-faceted platform facilitates not only seamless communication between the government and citizens, but also maintains a database of contacts of the nodal officers, representatives and citizens. In addition, users can also view the previous campaigns conducted. Website: https://sampark.gov.in

The Central Public Procurement Portal of Government of India facilitates all the Central Government Organizations to publish their Tender Enquiries, Corrigendum and Award of Contract details. The primary objective of this portal is to provide a single p point access to the information on procurements made across various central government organizations. Website: https://eprocure.gov.in/eprocure/app

The Scope of this project is to computerize and integrate all the activities related to prison and prisoner management in the jail. This application suite will provide the vital information about the inmates, lodged in the prisons, in real time environment to the prison officials and other entities, involved in Criminal Justice System. It will also facilitate online visit request and grievance readdressal. ePrisons application suite, developed by NIC, is cloud based product designed with easy to use GUI and embedded with a comprehensive security features. It can be easily adopted by any state prisons department with minimum customization efforts since all the possible configured by the users. Website: http://eprisons.nic.in/NPIP/public/Home.aspx

The web portal for Employees' Provident Funds (EPFO) Ordinance allows employees to check their EPF balance through an ePassbook which is an online version of their physical passbook. The mobile app allows the members to activate their UAN accounts from the comfort of their mobile phones and can also access their accounts for viewing their monthly credits through the passbook as well view their details available with EPFO. Similarly the EPF pensioners have been given the facility to access their pension disbursement details through this mobile app. Likewise, the employer can also view their remittance details. Website: http://epfindia.gov.in/site_en/

Developed by NCERT, ePathshala for showcasing and disseminating all educational e-resources including textbooks, audio, video, periodicals and a variety of other print and non-print materials through website and mobile app. The platform addresses the dual challenge of reaching out to a diverse clientele and bridging the digital divide (geographical, socio-cultural and linguistic), offering comparable quality of e-contents. All the concerned stakeholders such as students, teachers, educators and parents can access e-books through multiple technology platforms i.e. mobile phones (android, iOS and Windows platforms), and tablets (as e-pub) and on web through laptops and desktops (as flipbooks). Website: http://epathshala.nic.in/

The eOffice product aims to support governance by ushering in more effective and transparent inter and intra-government processes. The vision of e-Office is to achieve a simplified, responsive, effective and transparent working of all government offices. The Open Architecture on which eOffice has been built, makes it a reusable framework and a standard reusable product amenable to replication across the governments, at the central, state and dies tract levels. The product brings together the independent functions and systems under a single framework. Website: https://eoffice.gov.in/

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electronic trading portal which networks the existing APMC (Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee) mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities. The NAM Portal provides a single window service for all APMC related information and services. This includes commodity arrivals and prices, buy and sell trade offers and provision to respond to trade offers, among other services. While material flow (agriculture produce) continues to happen through mandis, an online market reduces transaction costs and information asymmetry. Website: http://www.enam.gov.in/NAM/home/index.html

The electronic MSIPS (e-MSIPS) Application System enables online submission and scrutiny of applications submitted to the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) under the Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme (MSIPS) and Electronics Manufacturing Cluster (EMC) schemes. All registered users can submit their applications in the system, using the forms designed for the same. The system will enable online scrutiny of applications and online generation of responses to the applicant. The applicants can view the response in the system.

E-HOSPITAL@NIC (LINK SENDS E-MAIL) is an open source health information management system (HMIS) which is configurable and easily customizable with multi-tenancy support. It is designed to deploy in cloud infrastructure to manage multiple hospitals seamlessly. The generic application addresses all major functional areas of a hospital. A workflow based HL7 compliant and ISO/IEC 9126 certified end-to-end solution Software for hospital management which covers complete treatment cycle of OPD/IPD as well integrates clinical, administrative, and billing/ insurance activities. Website: http://ehospital.nic.in/ehospital/

E-Greetings portal aims to promote a contemporary and eco-friendly method of sharing greetings by Government officials and agencies as well as citizens to colleagues and friends for National Holidays and other national occasions. The portal allows users to select and send greetings from multiple occasion-specific templates. Government Departments can also customize the greetings by adding tag-lines and messages related to their programs and schemes. The e-District Mission Mode Project (MMP) is envisaged to strengthen the district administration of the state by providing ICT support to the participating departments and district administration in terms of providing centralized software application for selected category of citizen services and training for staff of the departments with a view to improve delivery of the citizen services being rendered by these departments. Services developed under e-District project would be delivered through various delivery channels like: • Direct access by Citizens through e-District portal as a registered user. • Existing Atal Jana Snehi Kendra's / B1 / K1 service centers. • Common Service Centers (To be established upto Grama Panchayat Level). Website: https://edistrict.gov.in/

ECI EVM ( Electronic Voting Machine – Election Commission of India )It is a GPRS based mobile application for ECI Officials to scan barcode on EVM machines (BU or CU or VVPAT), which is used in Polls. Website: https://apps.mgov.gov.in/descp.do?appid=217

E-biz is being implemented by Infosys Technologies Limited (Infosys) under the guidance and aegis of Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India. The focus of eBiz is to improve the business environment in the country by enabling fast and efficient access to Government-to-Business (G2B) services through an online portal. This will help in reducing unnecessary delays in various regulatory processes required to start and run businesses. Website: https://www.ebiz.gov.in/home/

e-Panchayat is an e-Governance initiative for the rural sector providing comprehensive software solution attempting automation of Gram Panchayat functions. It is a platform for panchayat representatives to connect with rest of the world, which aims to bring out the local voices by empowering the local communities to showcase and

stories and challenges. Website: http://epanchayat.in/

E-Granthalaya is an Integrated Library Management Software developed by National Informatics Centre,(NIC), Department of Electronics & Information Technology. The application is useful for automation of in-house activities of libraries and to provide various online member services. The software provides built-in Web OPAC interface to publish the library catalogue over Internet. The software is UNICODE Compliant, thus, supports data entry in local languages. Website: http://egranthalaya.nic.in/

The first step in the Digital AIIMS project was taken in January 2015 with the creation of an effective linkage between AIIMS, Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeiTY). A unique health identification number for every patient visiting AIIMS was generated on an Aadhar platform. The Unique Health Identification Number gave every Patient visiting AIIMS a Digital Identity. Website: http://ehospital.nic.in/ehospital/

Crop Insurance mobile app can be used to calculate the Insurance Premium for notified crops based on area, coverage amount and loan amount in case of loanee farmer. It can also be used to get details of normal sum insured, extended sum insured, premium details and subsidy information of any notified crop in any notified area. Website: http://mkisan.gov.in/downloadmobileapps.aspx

Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) is a plan scheme conceived in the light of experience of a non-plan scheme namely - Common Integrated Police Application (CIPA). CCTNS aims at creating a comprehensive and integrated system for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of policing through adopting of principle of e-Governance and creation of a nationwide networking infrastructure for evolution of IT-enabled-state-of-the-art tracking system criminals'. Website: http://www.ncrb.gov.in/BureauDivisions/CCTNS/cctns.htm

Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) is an app that makes payment transactions simple, easy and quick using Unified Payments Interface (UPI). It enables direct bank to bank payments instantly and collects money using a Mobile number or Payment address. Bharat Interface for Money app is currently available on Android and it is downloadable from Google Play store, for smart phones. Website: http://www.npci.org.in/

The campaign aims at ensuring girls are born, nurtured and educated without discrimination to become empowered citizens of this country. The Campaign interlinks National, State and District level interventions with community level action in 100 districts, bringing together different stakeholders for accelerated impact. The initiatives YouTube channel show various videos related to the campaign. Website: http://wcd.nic.in/BBBPScheme/main.htm

The mobile application has been developed with an aim to keep farmers abreast with the crop prices and discourage them to carry-out distress sale. Farmers can get information related to prices of crops in markets within 50km of their own device location using the AgriMarket Mobile App. This app automatically captures the location of the farmers using mobile GPS and fetches the market prices of crops which fall within the range of 50km. The prices of agri commodities are sourced from the Agmarknet portal. Currently, the apps is available in English and Hindi languages. Website: http://mkisan.gov.in/downloadmobileapps.aspx

Sugamya Bharat Abhiyaan or Accessible India Campaign is a nation-wide flagship campaign for achieving universal accessibility that enables people with disabilities to gain access for equal opportunity, live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life in an inclusive society. The campaign targets at

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platform to comprehensively obtain information on inaccessible places across the country. The mobile application is available on IOS, Android and Windows platform and can be downloaded from the respective App Stores. Website: http://accessibleindia.gov.in/content/

Digital India Programme: Importance and Impact .Retrieved from http://iasscore.in/national-issues/digital-indiaprogramme-importance-and-impact Digital India Retrieved from http://www.indiacelebrating.com/government/digital-india/ Digital India. Unlocking the trillion Dollar Opportunity: ASSOCHAM –Deloitte report, November 2016.Retrieved from www.assocham.org. Gupta Neeru and Arora Kirandeep (2015). Digital India: A Roadmap for the development of Rural India. International Journal of Business Management ,vol(2)2, pp1333-1342. Retrieved from www. ijbm. Co .in Kadam Avinash (2015). Why cyber security is important for digital India. Retrieved from http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-cyber-security-is-important-for-digital-india-2424380.html Midha Rahul (2016). Digital India: Barriers and Remedies. International Conference on Recent Innovations in Sciences, Management, Education and Technology. Retrieved from http:// data. Conference world .in/ICISMET/P256-261. Pdf. Rani Suman (2016) .Digital India: Unleashing Prosperity . Indian Journal of Applied Research, volume-6, Issue 4, pp187-189 Retrieved from https://www.worldwidejournals.com/indian-journal-of-applied.. www.akamai.com www.digitalindia.gov.in

Research Scholar, University of Delhi