International Journal of Information Technology and Management
The International Journal of Information Technology & Management (IJITM) is an international scholarly refereed research journal which aims to promote the theory and practice of Information technology, innovation, and Technology management. The journal links engineering, science, and management disciplines. It addresses the issues involved in the planning, development, and implementation of technological capabilities to shape and accomplish the strategic and operational objectives of an organization. It covers not only R&D management, but also the entire spectrum of managerial concerns in technology-based organizations. This includes issues relating to new product development, human resource management, innovation process management, project management, technological fusion, marketing, technological forecasting and strategic planning.
Digital Teaching Workload and Tech-Induced Stress Among School Staff Post-Covid in Delhi Region
The COVID-19 pandemic forced an unprecedented, rapid shift to emergency remote teaching that transformed teachers’ roles, amplified their workloads, and introduced new sources of stress tied to technology use. This article examines digital teaching workload and tech-induced stress (commonly called “technostress”) among school staff in the Delhi region in the post-COVID period. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of burnout and job demands–resources, international and Indian empirical studies, government and sector reports, and post-pandemic literature on hybrid/blended modes, the paper maps how pandemic-era digitalization produced persistent changes in time use, administrative duties, and emotional labour for educators. We document mechanisms through which digital workload generates stress—continuous availability, instructional redesign, platform learning, information overload, and work–home boundary erosion—and show how these translate into emotional exhaustion, reduced job satisfaction, and intentions to leave. The article offers policy and school-level recommendations (workload auditing, protected planning time, structured tech training, mental-health supports, and contractual reforms) and points to future research priorities including longitudinal monitoring, intervention trials, and focused studies on contractual/para-teachers in Delhi’s heterogeneous school ecosystem. Key implications underscore the need to treat tech-induced stress as an organizational and policy problem, not solely an individual deficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Information Technology and Management
Evaluating the Influence of Ethical and Sustainable Brand Narratives on Brand Loyalty
This research examines how ethical and sustainable brand narratives affect brand loyalty, taking into account the moderating effects of consumer ethical sensitivity as well as the mediating function of consumer trust. In the current consumer environment, where social responsibility, transparency, and equity have a big impact on brand image and loyalty, the introduction emphasizes the rising significance of value-driven branding. The literature study points out a weakness in the current body of research, which often looks at sustainable and ethical branding separately and ignores important psychological and individual-level elements like trust and ethical sensitivity. The study uses a quantitative, cross-sectional research approach and suggests an integrated conceptual framework to overcome these constraints. A structured questionnaire evaluating five constructs—consumer trust, consumer ethical sensitivity, sustainable brand narratives, and brand loyalty—was used to gather data from a sample of 384 consumers. The findings, which were examined using structural equation modelling, show that although sustainable brand narratives have a little but noteworthy influence on brand loyalty, ethical brand narratives had a considerable positive impact. The link between ethical narratives and loyalty is slightly mediated by customer trust, but it is strongly moderated by consumer ethical sensitivity, which increases loyalty among ethically sensitive consumers. For companies looking to develop enduring customer loyalty via genuine, moral, and sustainable communication tactics, these results provide theoretical understanding and practical ramifications.
Empirical Analysis of Financial Crunch in Tourism Related MSME (Micro Small & Medium Enterprises): With Special Reference to Himachal Pradesh
This is a well-known truth that the MSME sector of Indian economy is still in growing stage and all the government agencies and authorities are taking the relevant and necessary step to join the same in mainstream financial system of the country. Then on the other hand it is also true that no business is going to flourish without the financial assistance and the growth of tourism related MSME is somewhat dependent on financial assistance from external sources. As per the report of MSMEs in various years it was found that service related MSMEs are at the lowest level of priority list of financial institutions. This present study will try to understand the gap between the perception and expectation of financial institutions regarding service related MSMEs and also try to find the nature of factors responsible for the same. The sample of the study is tourism related MSMEs of Himachal Pradesh, total sample size is 22 such MSMEs.
An Ai- Powered and Blockchain – Integrated Model for Automated Claims Processing and Fraud Detection in the Insurance Industry
This research presents an advanced model that integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies to automate claims processing and strengthen fraud detection within the insurance industry. Traditional systems often face challenges such as lengthy manual procedures, human error, and vulnerability to fraudulent activities. The proposed AI–blockchain framework addresses these issues by combining predictive analytics, machine learning, and natural language processing for accurate claim assessment, while blockchain ensures transparency, data immutability, and secure record-keeping. The integrated system achieved higher accuracy, reduced processing time, and improved fraud detection performance compared to conventional methods. By merging AI’s analytical intelligence with blockchain’s decentralized security, the model enhances operational efficiency, customer trust, and data integrity. This innovative approach represents a significant step toward building a fully digital, secure, and customer-centric insurance ecosystem.
Academic Leadership in Transition: Challenges and Achievements in Indian Higher Education
The landscape of higher education in India is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by global trends, technological advancements, and policy reforms such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Academic leadership plays a pivotal role in navigating these transitions, ensuring institutional adaptability, and fostering academic excellence. This study explores the challenges and achievements of academic leaders such as Vice Chancellors, Deans, and Heads of Departments in shaping the strategic direction of higher education institutions. Using a qualitative data approach in-depth interviews with leaders from public and private universities, complemented by secondary data from institutional reports and policy documents. Findings reveal that leadership in Indian higher education is moving from traditional administrative models toward participatory and transformational frameworks, emphasizing research, innovation, inclusivity, and digital integration. However, persistent challenges such as governance complexities, resource constraints, and accountability pressures remain critical concerns. The study highlights best practices, identifies success factors across institutions, and offers theoretical as well as practical implications for leadership development in the sector. Recommendations for policy reforms, leadership training, and future research directions are also discussed.
Adoption of Digital Payments in Indian Economy - A Comprehensive Survey on the Role of UPI in Automating Small and Medium Businesses in Jabalpur, MP
This study aims to investigate the adoption of online payments while focusing on the role of “Unified Payments Interface (UPI)” in automation of “small and medium enterprises (SMEs)” located in Jabalpur, India. With the rise in digital economy in India, UPI has made a transformative impact with evidence on its effect among SMEs in tier-2 city like Jabalpur. It addresses the gap by determining frequency and level of adoption of UPI and evaluating important factors affecting its use. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared with close-ended questions (based on 5-point Likert scale) and distributed to 300 SMEs across retail, manufacturing, and service sectors. Collection of data includes modes of payment, business profile, frequency of using UPIs, and in-depth perceptions of convenience of UPI, payment modes, business profile, automation benefits, user attitudes, and challenges. Before hypotheses testing, Cronbach’s Alpha test was conducted to determine the reliability of questionnaire (Alpha = 0.955). Both multiple linear regression and one-sample t-tests were conducted using SPSS software to determine the impact of adoption of UPI and predictive strength of security, perceived ease of use, and digitalization. Findings of the study reveal that there is high prevalence of UPI, as majority of SMEs perceive adoption of UPI to improve operational efficiency, promote processing of payments, and automate transactions. With regression analysis, it is found that perceptions of security and digital preparedness are strong predictors of adoption of UPI, while there are significant challenges due to perceived costs. It is concluded that integrating UPIs successfully is closely related to factors like confidence in security and digital infrastructure. Digitalization of SMEs in emerging economies is further accelerated by addressing technical issues and adoption costs. Findings of this study provide important insights for fintech providers, policymakers, and business leaders looking forward to modernize operations and improve financial inclusion with online payments.
Role of Leadership in Shaping Positive Work Culture Psychology
Research in the field of organizational behavior and management has shifted its focus to the importance of leadership in creating a positive work culture. This is because contemporary workplaces understand the link between effective leadership, employee well-being, and organizational success. The beliefs, actions, and routines of leaders have a significant impact on the trust, cooperation, creativity, and perseverance that make up a healthy work culture. Through their communication, empathy, ethical decision-making, and motivational techniques, leaders not only establish the vision and strategic direction of organizations, but they also form psychological climates. In order to build a culture that improves psychological safety, work happiness, and employee engagement, this article investigates how several leadership styles—including transformational, servant, and genuine leadership—contribute. The paper sheds light on the ways in which leadership fosters stress-free, open-dialogue, growth-and-creativity-promoting workplaces by reviewing pertinent literature and empirical research. In addition, the study highlights how leadership strategies that prioritize inclusivity, adaptation, and emotional intelligence can help diverse and dynamic companies maintain a good work culture psychologically. Organizations and lawmakers can use the findings to inform the creation of leadership development programs that foster productive work cultures and sustainable organizational success.
Role of Mentorship and Incubation Programmes in Startup Development
Mentorship refers to a structured developmental relationship in which an experienced individual (the mentor) provides guidance, support, and knowledge to a less experienced individual (the mentee) to help them grow personally and professionally. Incubation centres in HEIs serve as structured environments where student-led startups can access essential resources such as office space, technological infrastructure, seed funding, legal support, business development services, and networking opportunities. These centres act as nurturing platforms that reduce the barriers of entry and risk for first-time entrepreneurs. Incubators must professionalize their offerings, ensure domain-specific mentorship, and facilitate connections with industry experts and investors. Mentorship should not be one-size-fits-all but tailored to startup stages—from ideation to scaling. Regular interactions and structured feedback loops can significantly enhance the effectiveness of mentoring. Incubation and mentorship programs are widely regarded as critical enablers for entrepreneurial development, particularly for first-time entrepreneurs such as students. In the context of this study, the effectiveness of these support mechanisms was assessed through multiple dimensions, including awareness, participation, perceived benefits, and outcome-based metrics.
Crowdfunding for Startups: Awareness and Trust Among Small Investors
This research looks at small investors' knowledge and confidence in startup crowdfunding in India. The study investigated investor opinions, trust-related aspects, awareness levels, comprehension of crowdfunding ideas, and demographic features using a structured questionnaire survey with 80 respondents. The results show that while small investors acknowledge crowdsourcing as a practical and creative source of funding, their general understanding is still modest, and their inclination to get involved is mostly influenced by worries regarding platform trustworthiness, transparency, and regulation. The most significant factors influencing investor trust were found to be the availability of a clear regulatory framework and the transparency of fund use. The research comes to the conclusion that increasing investor knowledge, improving regulatory monitoring, and fostering institutional confidence in crowdfunding platforms are all critical if crowdfunding is to become a viable financing instrument for Indian startups.
Study on Stock Exchange's Functions and Equity
The quantity of capital that a firm requires is divided into units of a predetermined amount that are of a size that is considered to be relatively small. In this context, each and every one of these units is referred to as a "equities," and the individual who is in possession of the equity is referred to as the equity holder. Through the issuing of stock, firms have the opportunity to acquire the capital that they need. Demat accounts, which are an electronic representation of equities, are the place where stocks are stored in today's world. Over the course of history, equity was often held in the form of physical assets. Regular transactions in securities provide investors with liquidity and price consistency for their investments in securities. These benefits are provided by the regular flow of transactions. Considering that the stock exchange is a well-established market, it makes it simpler for investors to transfer ownership of assets. This, in turn, reduces the amount of risk that investors are exposed to. These individuals who are interested in buying or selling shares may take advantage of the handy meeting location that it provides. Because investors prefer the securities of businesses that have shown greater performance, it helps in the rational allocation of available capital.
Impact of Industrial Policy 2019 on Rural and Urban Industrialization of Maharashtra State
This research paper offers an in-depth examination of the Maharashtra Industrial Policy 2019 and its impact on industrial growth in both rural and urban regions of Maharashtra. The program was designed to promote equitable regional industrial development by stimulating investment in various geographical areas, thereby diminishing the gap between industrially advanced metropolitan centres and underdeveloped rural regions. The strategy emphasised sustainable development by advocating for environmentally conscious activities and the use of green technology to reduce industrial pollution and preserve natural resources. Inclusivity was a fundamental principle of the program, intended to provide job opportunities for marginalised populations and bolster micro, small, and medium companies (MSMEs) to guarantee fair economic development. This research utilises secondary data sources, including government papers, economic surveys, and industry statistics, to rigorously assess the policy's execution and results. The findings underscore the achievements and obstacles encountered in attaining regionally balanced industrialisation, the degree of integration of environmental sustainability into industrial practices, and the inclusivity of growth concerning employment creation and investment allocation. The report provides significant insights into policy efficacy, proposing ideas to enhance industrial frameworks that bolster Maharashtra's long-term economic growth objectives.
Business Communication-Effective Internal Communication and its Role in Operational Performance
Effective internal communication is fundamental to organizational success, significantly influencing employee engagement, increasing productivity, and improving overall operational performance. In the contemporary business landscape, transparent, prompt, and organized communication serves as a catalyst for enhancing coordination among departments, optimizing decision-making processes, and facilitating uninterrupted activity within businesses. This study examines the influence of internal communication practices on operational efficiency by gathering primary data from employees in several departments of a manufacturing firm via a structured questionnaire. The results indicate that firms with robust communication structures have enhanced operational performance, increased employee happiness, and superior cross-functional collaboration. The study highlights that good communication diminishes misconceptions and delays while fostering a culture of trust, diversity, and shared accountability. The research offers practical advice for the design and implementation of communication strategies that improve corporate performance, reinforce organizational alignment, and facilitate sustainable growth.
A Theoretical Comparison of Postpaid and Prepaid Customer Retention Techniques in India's Telecom Industry
The Indian telecom industry, among the largest and most dynamic in the world, is marked by intense competition, rapid digital transformation, and a consistently high customer churn rate. With over a billion active subscribers, telecom operators are increasingly focusing on effective customer retention strategies, especially within the prepaid and postpaid segments. This theoretical study offers a comparative analysis of customer retention techniques employed for prepaid and postpaid users in India. Based on existing literature, industry reports, and behavioral models, the paper examines key dimensions such as customer profiles, pricing sensitivity, usage patterns, loyalty programs, switching barriers, and customer engagement mechanisms. The analysis reveals that prepaid retention relies heavily on volume-driven strategies like discounts and gamification, while postpaid retention is anchored in personalized services, bundling, and long-term relationship management. The study provides actionable insights into how telecom providers can tailor their retention approaches to each customer segment, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction, loyalty, and profitability in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Accounting Practices
The processing, analysis, and interpretation of financial data is being revolutionized by the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into contemporary accounting processes. Accounting routines are becoming more efficient, data is becoming more accurate, and real-time financial reporting is becoming a reality thanks to AI-powered technologies like robotic process automation, machine learning algorithms, and natural language processing. Strategic decision-making, including cash flow forecasting, fraud detection, and tax planning optimization, can benefit from these technologies' predictive insights, which in turn reduce human error. Also, by conforming to legal frameworks and standards, AI makes it easier to automate compliance operations, which boosts audit efficiency and transparency. With the help of AI, accountants will no longer be relegated to the position of data entry operators but will instead serve as strategic consultants, putting an emphasis on analytical and interpretive abilities rather than on repetitive bookkeeping. The necessity for ongoing skill development, implementation expenses, ethical concerns, and data security are some of the obstacles that this shift presents. Within the framework of Industry 4.0, this article gives a critical analysis of artificial intelligence's (AI) changing function in accounting, looking at its uses, advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities for the future. Organizations can gain a competitive advantage, boost operational efficiency, and make more accurate decisions by adopting AI-driven accounting solutions strategically, according to the research.
Academic Leadership and Institutional Transformation: A Multi-University Empirical Analysis from India
This study explores the role of academic leadership in driving institutional transformation across 15 Indian universities, utilizing both quantitative data (2015–2023) and qualitative interviews with senior academic leaders. It investigates how Vice Chancellors (VCs) contribute to enhancing research output, faculty development, infrastructure growth, student engagement, and resource mobilization. Quantitative trends were analyzed across parameters such as research funding, patents, publications, and consultancy income, while qualitative narratives uncovered themes of participatory leadership, ethical governance, and strategic vision. The study highlights the critical link between effective academic leadership and the upliftment of higher education institutions, identifies key challenges in policy implementation and stakeholder alignment, and proposes actionable recommendations. Findings reveal that visionary, inclusive, and accountable leadership is essential to bridging quality gaps and achieving national higher education goals.
Most people know that micro and small businesses are the backbone of any economy, whether it's developing or already well-established. A wide variety of MSE expansion behaviors may be identified. Finding and studying the factors that affect the growth of MSEs is the main objective of this research. The external business's accessibility and sales environment were the metrics used to gauge the expansion of MSEs in this study. A number of players and elements impact the organization's success; some of them may be managed, while others cannot. Therefore, it is necessary to examine both the micro and macro environmental elements that significantly affect SIU's performance, bearing this in mind.
A Study the advantages and disadvantages of using the CHATGPT AI interface in academic research
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into academic research has witnessed a rapid surge, with tools like ChatGPT leading the transformation. ChatGPT is an AI-based conversational model developed by OpenAI that can produce human-like text responses according to the input of the user. This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the ChatGPT AI interface in academic research. The main aim is to determine the extent to which ChatGPT can facilitate research tasks including generation of literature review ideas, writing scholarly materials, and simplifying difficult concepts. The study is mixed-methods in nature, including quantitative evidence (structured surveys) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) data collected among researchers, students, and educators in various fields. The results point at the great benefits such as an increase in efficiency, better language fluency, fast access to information, and ability to brainstorm. However, the study also identifies major drawbacks such as the risk of factual inaccuracies (hallucinations), over-reliance on AI-generated content, ethical concerns related to plagiarism and authorship, and limited ability to provide deep critical analysis. Also, the propensity of ChatGPT to generate content that sounds reasonable but might not have an empirical basis is a threat to academic integrity. The discussion highlights the need to use ChatGPT as an additional tool, but not as a substitute to academic rigor and human critical thinking. The paper ends by proposing some recommendations on how ChatGPT can be used ethically and effectively in academic settings and the need to create awareness, training, and responsible use. The research is a part of the emerging discussion of AI in education that provides a balanced view of the transformative power of AI and the risks it poses to the field of academic research.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Small and Medium Enterprises in Emerging Markets
In recent years, digital transformation (DT) has emerged as a key factor in driving economic growth and competitiveness, especially for SMEs in developing economies. This study delves into the complex effects of digital transformation on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), examining how it affects operational efficiency, customer engagement, innovation, market access, and productivity. Applying a thorough literature review, empirical findings, and case studies from Brazil, India, and Nigeria, this study determines the critical components that contribute to or detract from effective digital adoption. Despite digital transformation's obvious benefits to business performance and strategic agility, the findings reveal that restrictions on infrastructure, deficiencies in digital literacy, and a lack of support from governments often impede its full implementation. The study concludes with policy recommendations to help developing nations' small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) thrive in the digital marketplace.
Sustainability Strategies: Driving Profitability Through Environmental Responsibility
This research paper examines how sustainability tactics encourage environmental responsibility in corporate operations while also boosting long-term profitability. As global challenges like climate change, resource constraints, and stakeholder activism intensify, businesses are under increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices that serve both ecological and financial aims. This paper looks at important sustainability strategies like eco-efficient technologies, circular economy models, responsible supply chain management, green product innovation, employee engagement, sustainable strategies, energy management systems, and clear reporting. My evaluation takes into account the implementation needs, difficulties, and effects on both financial and environmental outcomes. Companies that integrate sustainability into their core operations see gains in operational efficiency, stakeholder trust, and access to new markets, even when faced with early investment limits. These strategies lower environmental risks while increasing profits in the long run, proving that corporate social responsibility is not an afterthought but a strategic asset for modern companies. This study lays out a comprehensive framework for companies seeking to align their corporate strategy with sustainable development goals, allowing sustainability to become an asset rather than an expense.
The impact of Artificial Intelligence on the modern economy
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has initiated a profound transformation across various sectors of the modern economy. This study examines the diverse effects of AI on economic productivity, labor markets, industrial development and income distribution. Based on a mixed-method research design that incorporates both quantitative data analysis and qualitative evidence of case studies and expert opinions, the research focuses on the role of AI technologies in defining the economic dynamics on the macro and micro levels. It looks into economic performance of nations and industries that have embraced AI-driven innovations and evaluates the repercussions on workforce restructuring, employment patterns, and skills needs. The results indicate that AI can play an important role in making the economy efficient due to optimizing the use of resources, decision-making, and innovation-driven growth. Nevertheless, there are also new challenges that have been raised like job displacement in low-skilled industries, increasing income inequality, and the necessity of flexible regulatory systems that have been noted by the study. As developed economies are using AI to speed up productivity and competitiveness, developing countries are struggling with challenges such as poor infrastructure, digital illiteracy and policy paralysis. The study highlights the need to have inclusive AI approaches that ensure a balance between technological progress and the fair economic growth. It concludes that AI's impact is neither uniformly beneficial nor inherently harmful; rather, its economic outcomes depend heavily on the preparedness of institutions, the adaptability of the workforce, and the foresight of policymakers. This paper will be of use to the emerging debate on the economic role of AI by providing evidence-based knowledge and policy suggestions to maximize the potential of AI and contain its socio-economic risks.
Analysis of ICT Infrastructure of Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) for Cost-Effective & Secured Network with the help of Simulation
Analyzing the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) infrastructure of higher educational institutes(HEIs) involves assessing various components that contribute to their technological capabilities. Here's a breakdown of what such an analysis might entail: Network Infrastructure: This includes evaluating the campus-wide network architecture, such as wired and wireless connectivity, bandwidth capacity, and network security measures. Assessing the reliability, speed, and coverage of the network is crucial to support the diverse needs of students, faculty, and administrative staff. Hardware Resources: Examining the hardware resources available within the institute, including servers, computers, laptops, tablets, printers, projectors, and other devices. Evaluating the age, performance, and compatibility of these devices is essential for providing a seamless technological experience. Software Systems: Learning management systems (LMS), student information systems (SIS), academic databases, collaboration tools, productivity applications, and other software systems used for academic and administrative reasons are examined. Assessing the integration, usability, and licensing of these
Analyzing the Efficiency of Geographical vs. Non-Geographical Routing Protocols in MANETs: A Case Study on LAR, AODV, and DSR
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) require effective routing protocols in order to guarantee uninterrupted communication in situations that are both dynamic and devoid of infrastructure. The purpose of this research is to analyse the performance of geographical and non-geographical routing protocols by conducting a comparative analysis of Location-Aided Routing (LAR), Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). When it comes to optimising path selection, LAR makes use of location information, whereas AODV and DSR adhere to more conventional reactive management strategies. Under different mobility and network density situations, the study takes into consideration important performance indicators such as the ratio of packets delivered to the endpoint, the latency from beginning to finish, the routing overhead, and the energy efficiency. AODV and DSR show resilience in situations when there is inadequate location information, as demonstrated by the outcomes of the simulation. LAR, on the other hand, minimises the latency and overhead associated with route discovery. Using the data, one may get insights into selecting the most appropriate routing protocols for MANETs, taking into account the limits of the network and the operational requirements.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Information Technology and Management
An analysis the celebrity advertising influences of Fast-moving consumer goods of Meerut District
In recent years, there has been a meteoric rise in the usage of celebrity endorsers as the conduit for communication messages. In order to gauge how Indian consumers feel about celebrity endorsements, this study is being conducted. No matter the medium, the vast majority of ads target individual customers and, by extension, their impressions of celebrity-endorsed ads. Finding out whether celebrity endorsers have any effect on consumers' purchasing decisions is another important goal of this research. We used a basic random sampling method to choose our respondents. The current investigation is exploratory in character and calls for a mix of primary and secondary sources of information. We shall randomly choose 500 respondents from the rural and urban parts of Meerut district to gather primary data. In order to get first-hand information, we will be using a well-organised questionnaire and interview schedule. The chosen brands that celebrities have promoted will have their websites combed through for secondary data.
To study the indicators of intrinsic value of share with its market value for selected banking stocks in NIFTY BANK index – with special reference to retail investors
Present paper studied the relationship in the retail investors stock investment into banking shares and the intrinsic value of share. The paper aims at understanding whether the retail stock investor invests as per basic valuation methods of share. The literature review highlighted that retail investors follow investment choices as per herding, heuristics, over-confidence and other biased methods. Paper further tried to understand relationship between the intrinsic value of the share and the market pricing of the share. Various methods to calculate intrinsic value are used to derive the valuation of the stocks. The statistical tools of correlation and multiple regression are used to identify valid relationship in predictor and dependent variables. The study could identify that intrinsic value isa useful value to compare the over / undervalued shares in the stock market. Also, it established that the retail investors are completely following the concept of intrinsic value for stock valuation. Study involved the banking shares as it is observed that banking share represent one of the major components of Indian stock market.
An Examination of Agricultural Technology Advancements and their Socioeconomic Effects in the Dehradun and Haridwar Regions
New agricultural technology has had a significant social and economic impact on India's Dehradun and Haridwar areas. Farmers in these locations have observed enhanced efficiency, better resource management, and higher crop yields with the use of modern agricultural practices such as precision farming, drone technology, and internet-of-things monitoring systems. Because of these technological advancements, farmers can now maximize resource allocation, make data-driven decisions, and lessen the risks associated with weather unpredictability and pest infestations. The development of automated procedures and mechanical equipment has also reduced the demand for human labor, increasing productivity while easing the burden on rural laborers. Farmers may now get access to additional markets, negotiate better prices, and improve their livelihoods owing to the integration of digital platforms for market access and financial services. While there has been progress toward a more equitable distribution of benefits, considerable challenges remain, including low levels of digital literacy, high entrance costs, and restricted access to technology. On the other side, modern agricultural equipment is widely employed in Dehradun and Haridwar, indicating that farming is becoming more sustainable and robust.
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Stock Market Volatility
The stock market is predictably unpredictable in some ways, but it is how financial experts handle each part of the system that determines the overall success of the market. Understanding how unpredictable, or how volatile, the market is will allow one to estimate the required risk making it a volatile market and execute plans based on that market estimation. Though there is a time and place for the ARCH and GARCH models, linear models usually fail as the market is complex, dynamic and non-linear. Predicting complex financial models is possible and ML (machine learning) models, a type of computational intelligence, should be applied. In this paper, I will focus on various ML methods to predict stock market volatility using historical stock market data and technical indicators I constructed to train the various ML models I created. I then evaluated the accuracy of these models using Mean Average Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). I compared both LSTM ML model and GARCH model, where I concluded both work best for market prediction but LSTM is the most adaptive for market changes. The research shows how machine learning tools come with great predictive accuracy while forecasting volatility, with high efficiency in risk management in current financial markets.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Fault Tolerance Of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Systematic Review
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as indispensable infrastructures across diverse applications, including healthcare, smart cities, industrial automation, and military surveillance. Despite their utility, WSNs remain highly vulnerable to faults at the node, network, data, and security levels. Such failures can degrade network reliability, reduce lifespan, and compromise decision-making. Traditional fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods—statistical analysis, threshold monitoring, and rule-based techniques—struggle to cope with the increasing complexity, heterogeneity, and scale of modern WSNs. This systematic review explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the fault tolerance of WSNs. Drawing upon a comprehensive synthesis of prior work, the review categorizes AI-driven approaches into machine learning, deep learning, fuzzy logic, expert systems, and bio-inspired algorithms. We highlight their contributions, limitations, and integration potential within resource-constrained environments. Finally, the review identifies future research directions, including lightweight AI models, explainable AI, federated learning, and hybrid fault-tolerant frameworks.
A tiered blockchain architecture for IOT: Enhancing Security, Scalability, and Efficiency
The use of blockchain technology into the Internet of Things (IoT) presents a number of major benefits, including enhanced data integrity, decentralised trust, and security against unauthorised access. Traditional implementations of blockchain technology, on the other hand, encounter difficulties in terms of scalability, latency, and resource limits, all of which are particularly important considerations in Internet of Things scenarios. The Internet of Things (IoT) networks are proposed to be improved in terms of security, scalability, and efficiency by the use of a layered blockchain architecture. In order to optimise the processing of transactions and the storage of data, the suggested framework makes use of a hierarchical structure. This structure allows lightweight Internet of Things devices to connect with blockchain layers that are situated on the edge and the cloud. Permissioned blockchains for local Internet of Things clusters and interoperable mainchain solutions are incorporated into the concept, which allows for a reduction in computational cost while simultaneously retaining security. Moreover, the optimisation of smart contracts, upgrades to cryptography, and consensus procedures that are specifically designed for devices with limited resources guarantee that actions are carried out efficiently. A strong blockchain-based Internet of Things architecture that is appropriate for large-scale deployments is offered as a result of this study, which tackles technological difficulties such as reducing latency, increasing energy efficiency, and enhancing interoperability.
Financial Inclusion, Sustainability, and Sustainable Development
The link between sustainability, financial inclusion, and sustainable development levels is investigated in this study. It demonstrates that encouraging sustainable growth requires making basic formal financial services more accessible. By ensuring that money is available in a sustainable way and that important financial services adhere to sustainability standards, we may have a positive, long-lasting effect on sustainable development results. The research makes a clear connection between sustainable development and financial inclusion by promoting the use of sustainability standards in the delivery of financial services to bank account holders. Furthermore, the paper argues that financial inclusion fosters sustainable development by expanding economic possibilities and advancing social welfare for those with banking access, even while its environmental advantages are negligible. Thus, fostering a connection between sustainable development and financial inclusion that is based on sustainability principles is crucial. This calls for the creation of laws that successfully incorporate financial inclusion into the larger framework of sustainable development.
A circle on sustainable agriculture: Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
Sustainable agriculture in Madhya Pradesh plays a vital role in balancing environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity in the state’s predominantly agrarian society. Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan possess significant opportunities for sustainable agricultural development. Madhya Pradesh, with its diverse agro-climatic zones, offers tremendous scope for crop diversification, organic farming, and sustainable cultivation practices. agriculture in Rajasthan, emphasizing its role in achieving resilience and sustainability in one of India’s most climate-vulnerable regions. Sustainable agriculture in Madhya Pradesh, based on the provided search results, emphasizes the need for a shift towards practices that balance economic viability, environmental stewardship, and social equity.