Assessment of Anxiety and Aggression in Relation to Emotional Intelligence among the Wrestlers

The world of games and sports is consistently growing and ceaseless. In the present techno-logical age, the world is advancing with enormous speed in practically every one of the fields. Science has pervaded in different backgrounds and sports and games are no special case. So as to give the most ideal performance in any challenge, the assistance of logical orders is looked for. With the presentation of the essential standards of science, physical training and sports has gotten a subject of logical research, for example, biomechanics, physiology of activity brain science, nourishment and diet and so forth, have added to the performance level. New methods have been advanced dependent on the knowledge and comprehension of the sports specialists. The idea of sports is a constant procedure, regularly changing and expansive. Direct help from different sports sciences, for example, sports physiology, sports prescription, biomechanics, sports brain science et cetera has carried greatness to such a level here physical wellness, strategies and systems of performance are viewed as just not satisfactory. The sports researchers have now begun looking past these skylines. The possibility that competitors must give his/her top performance all sports sciences cooperate to set up a universal level sports individual. From the archives of the history we came to realize that at global level players become annoyed and can't give their top performance the purpose for this is the mental parameters of those players are not adapted up to stamp. The major mental parameters which influence the performance of sports individual are anxiety, aggression, enthusiastic knowledge, and so forth and so on. Anxiety is an enthusiastic state described by sentiments of pressure, negative contemplations rule and in games, certain focused circumstances normally produce more anxiety than other. Both A-characteristic level and state level will influence how a player adapts to pressure. An elevated level of anxiety is constantly impeding to performance, for e.g., anxiety might be useful in errands that require quality and power. Speilberger relates the idea of anxiety explicitly to sports. He characterizes aggressive anxiety as the "inclination to see focused circumstance as compromising and to react to these circumstance with sentiment of misgiving and strain. As per Speilberger, dread of disappointment and dread of physical harm have all the earmarks of being the most pervasive determinants of A-state in aggressive game. All anxiety isn't problematic. An ideal level is by all accounts expected to perform well. Then again, if the competitor is excessively on edge or undertakings an "I don't care the slightest bit" frame of mind, performance is probably going to be not exactly attractive. Anxiety is a general attribute just as a brief condition of being. Anxiety might be most noteworthy preceding and following a pressure full athletic circumstance; the game itself regularly will in general decrease anxiety. While influencing performance, anxiety cooperates with character characteristics, for

It has been underscored since barely any decades that aggression or aggressive behavior of a player/s assumes a crucial job in various sports and games as indicated by the idea of movement. Aggression straightforwardly influences the sportsman's performance in any case. This is especially valid in confrontational/double/body contact games. The word aggression originates from Latin root aggedi, promotion (to or toward) and gradior walk, truly then the word intends to walk or approach, to "move against" or to "move with goal to damage or harm". Most clinicians depict aggression as far as behavior. Aggressive behavior has been related genital movement, medication and liquor enslavement, game and exercise crying, whining taking up arms and so on. Aggressive behavior is very noticeable in sports. Not all aggressive behavior in sports is rough and dangerous. Truth be told, numerous types of aggressive behavior are acknowledged and even incited; frequently aggression is "a piece of the game", Use of the term aggression alludes to a wide scope of sports behaviors that causes perplexity. Most aggressive behavior in sports are neither obviously alluring nor plainly bothersome. Rather, most aggressive acts are viewed as tacky by certain individuals and legitimate by others. The term aggression is utilized to portray furious fierce behavior with plan to hurt an individual or cause harm to property. "Aggressive" behavior is likewise used to delineate a solid and fairly audacious exertion. In this way an aggressive sales rep or competitor, for instance, might be seen as unpalatable or fierce by a few and spurred and dedicated by others. "Aggression is any type of behavior coordinated towards the objective of harming or harming another living being who is roused to keep away from such treatment". Along these lines: Aggression is a demonstration not an intellectual state. Aggression isn't inadvertent; it is a purposeful demonstration to harm. Aggressive acts include substantially and mental harm Aggressive acts included just living creatures; harm to objects doesn't consider aggression.

In this chapter the method and procedure of selection of sample, selection of variables, selection of test / tools and its administration are presented.

The study will be a quantitative research in which survey method will be used. The variables of study will be assessed by using respective questionnaires. The data will be collected from the wrestlers of selected Universities of Haryana, attending All India Inter- and result of the study will be drawn.

The sample of present study will be the wrestlers of selected universities of Haryana. Respondents will be selected during the All India Inter-University Wrestling Championship camp which will be held at concerned Universities in the session 2016-17. For this study approximately 150 wrestlers will be selected.

The variables are:-

1) Anxiety 2) Aggression

1) Emotional Intelligence

The variables of the study will be assessed by using following tests:-

Aggression: To measure aggression, the Aggression Scale constructed by Dr. Roma Pal and Dr. Tasneem naqvi will be administered.

Emotional Intelligence: To measure Emotional Intelligence, the Emotional Intelligence Scale constructed by Dr. Gurukul Ryde, Dr. Sanjyol Perhe and Dr. Upinder Dhar will be used.

The researcher will personally visit selected Universities of Haryana for the collection of data. After brief explanation about the purpose of study, related questionnaire will be handed over to the respondents. The doubts will be clarified on the spot, if any. The respondent will be requested to fill the questionnaire and return it back to researcher. The questionnaire will be checked as par the administrative procedure mentioned in the test manuals. The data will be entered into computer for analyses.

Objective 1: To ascertain the relationship of anxiety and emotional intelligence among the wrestlers. Correlation analysis was done to analyse this objective. Correlation coefficients are used in statistics to measure how strong a relationship is between two variables. A correlation is a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables The correlation coefficient is a value that indicates the strength of the relationship. The coefficient can take any values from -1 to 1. The interpretations of the values are: • 1: Perfect negative correlation. The variables tend to move in opposite directions (i.e., when one variable increases, the other variable decreases). • 0: No correlation. The variables do not have a relationship with each other. • 1: Perfect positive correlation. The variables tend to move in the same direction (i.e., when one variable increases, the other variable also increases). Following hypothesis was formed to analyse this objective. Ho: There is no significant relationship between the anxiety and emotional intelligence among the wrestlers. Ha: There is significant relationship between the anxiety and emotional intelligence among the wrestlers. Correlation coefficient and its p value was calculated as under. AX ->Anxiety EI -> Emotional Intelligence

The p-value is higher than the usual threshold of 0.05. We cannot reject null hypothesis and have to the accept there is no significant relationship between the anxiety and emotional intelligence among the wrestlers. Objective 2: To ascertain the relationship of aggression and emotional intelligence among the wrestlers. Correlation analysis was done to analyse this objective as well. Following hypothesis was formed to analyse this objective. Ho: There is no significant relationship between the aggression and emotional intelligence among the wrestlers. Ha: There is significant relationship between the aggression and emotional intelligence among the wrestlers. Correlation coefficient and its p value was calculated as under. AG ->Aggression EI -> Emotional Intelligence

The p-value is higher than the usual threshold of 0.05. We cannot reject null hypothesis and have to the accept there is no significant relationship between the aggression and emotional intelligence among the wrestlers. Objective 3: To compare the mean scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Emotional Intelligence ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was performed to meet this objective, as there are 3 universities involved in analysis.

means. The objective is to know if three universities have the same mean score of Emotional Intelligence or it is significantly different. The Oneway ANOVA is a statistical technique that allows us to compare mean differences of one outcome (dependent) variable across two or more groups (levels) of one independent variable (factor). Following Hypothesis in one-way ANOVA test: H0: There is no significant difference in the mean Emotional Intelligence scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on. Ha: There is significant difference in the mean Emotional Intelligence scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence score variable was denoted as EI while the Universities were denoted as Univ in the analysis. Following output was obtained. Formula: Univ ~ EI (Univ Independent variable, EI dependent variable) Table shows that the mean scores, standard deviation and total ratio of the emotional intelligence scale of male wrestlers they have obtained CDLU the mean value Count of EI 38, Average of EI 126.1842, StdDev of EI 7.597493 and KUK the mean value Count of EI 36, Average of EI 128.1389 , StdDev of EI 6.485821 and MDU the mean value Count of EI 36, Average of EI 126.6389, StdDev of EI 6.071727 respectively which are given in table reveals that the significant difference was found out in MDU male wrestlers of universities of Haryana on Emotional Intelligence. Residual standard error: 6.765996 The p-value is higher than the usual threshold of 0.05. We cannot reject null hypothesis and have to the different. Objective 4: To compare the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Emotional Intelligence. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was performed to meet this objective as well, as this objective is similar to earlier one. The objective is to know if three universities have the same mean score of Emotional Intelligence for female wrestler or it is significantly different. Following Hypothesis in one-way ANOVA test: H0: There is no significant difference in the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Emotional Intelligence. Ha: There is significant difference in the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence score variable was denoted as EI while the Universities were denoted as Univ in the analysis. Following output was obtained. Formula: Univ ~ EI (Univ Independent variable, EI dependent variable) Table shows that the mean scores, standard deviation and total ratio of the emotional intelligence scale of male wrestlers they have obtained CDLU the mean value Count of EI 12, Average of EI 124.8333, StdDev of EI 12.20904 and KUK the mean value Count of EI 14, Average of EI 126.2857, StdDev of EI 8.165863 and MDU the mean value Count of EI 14, Average of EI 127.0714, StdDev of EI 6.911131 respectively which are given in table reveals that the significant difference was found out in MDU female wrestlers of universities of Haryana on Emotional Intelligence. Residual standard error: 9.193788 The p-value is higher than the usual threshold of 0.05. We cannot reject null hypothesis and have to the accept that mean Emotional Intelligence scores of females in different universities are not significantly different. Objective 5: To compare the mean scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Anxiety. The objective is to know if three universities have the same mean score of Anxiety for male wrestler or it is significantly different. Following Hypothesis in one-way ANOVA test: H0: There is no significant difference in the mean scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Anxiety. Ha: There is significant difference in the mean scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Anxiety. Anxiety score variable was denoted as AX while the Universities were denoted as Univ in the analysis. Following output was obtained. Formula: Univ ~ EI (Univ Independent variable, EI dependent variable) Table shows that the mean scores, standard deviation and total ratio of the emotional intelligence scale of male wrestlers they have obtained CDLU the mean value Count of AX 38, Average of AX 112.1316, StdDev of AX 9.637122 and KUK the mean value Count of AX 36, Average of AX 114.9722, StdDev of AX 11.9367and MDU the mean value Count of AX 36, Average of AX 118.8611, StdDev of AX 9.301775 respectively which are given in table reveals that the significant difference was found out in CDLU male wrestlers of universities of Haryana on Anxiety. Residual standard error: 10.34526 The p-value is lower than the usual threshold of 0.05. We have to reject null hypothesis and have to accept that mean Anxiety scores among males in different universities are significantly different. Objective 6: To compare the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Anxiety. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was performed to meet this objective, as there are 3 universities involved in analysis. The objective is to know if three universities have the same mean score of Anxiety for female wrestler or it is significantly different. Following Hypothesis in one-way ANOVA test: H0: There is no significant difference in the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Anxiety. Ha: There is significant difference in the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Anxiety. Anxiety score variable was denoted as AX while the Universities were denoted as Univ in the analysis. Following output was obtained. Formula: Univ ~ EI (Univ Independent variable, EI dependent variable) Table shows that the mean scores, standard deviation and total ratio of the emotional intelligence scale of female wrestlers they have obtained CDLU the mean value Count of AX 12, Average of AX 107.75, StdDev of AX 7.275426 and KUK the mean value Count of AX 14, Average of AX 117.1429, StdDev of AX 10.58197 and MDU the mean value

reveals that the significant difference was found out in MDU female wrestlers of universities of Haryana on Anxiety. Residual standard error: 9.361106 The p-value is lower than the usual threshold of 0.05. We have to reject null hypothesis and have to accept that mean Anxiety scores among females in different universities are significantly different. Objective 7: To compare the mean scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Aggression. The objective is to know if three universities have the same mean score of Aggression for male wrestler or it is significantly different. Following Hypothesis in one-way ANOVA test: H0: There is no significant difference in the mean scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Aggression. Ha: There is significant difference in the mean scores of male wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Aggression. Aggression score variable was denoted as AG while the Universities were denoted as Univ in the analysis. Following output was obtained. Formula: Univ ~ EI (Univ Independent variable, EI dependent variable) Table shows that the mean scores, standard deviation and total ratio of the emotional intelligence scale of male wrestlers they have obtained CDLU the mean value Count of Aggression 38, Average of Aggression 110.1842, StdDev of Aggression 12.19405 and KUK the mean value Count of Aggression 36, Average of Aggression 108.6389, StdDev of Aggression 12.68554 and MDU the mean value Count of Aggression 36, that the significant difference was found out in CDLU male wrestlers of universities of Haryana on Anxiety. Residual standard error: 12.3882 The p-value is lower than the usual threshold of 0.05. We have to reject null hypothesis and have to accept that mean AGGRESSION scores among males in different universities are significantly different. Objective 8: To compare the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Aggression. The objective is to know if three universities have the same mean score of Aggression for female wrestler or it is significantly different. Following Hypothesis in one-way ANOVA test: H0: There is no significant difference in the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Aggression. Ha: There is significant difference in the mean scores of female wrestlers of different universities of Haryana on Aggression. Aggression score variable was denoted as AG while the Universities were denoted as Univ in the analysis. Following output was obtained. Formula: Univ ~ EI (Univ Independent variable, EI dependent variable) Table shows that the mean scores, standard deviation and total ratio of the emotional intelligence scale of female wrestlers they have obtained CDLU the mean value Count of Aggression 12, Average of Aggression 107.8333, StdDev of Aggression 11.8001 and KUK the mean value Count of Aggression 14, Average of Aggression 107.1429, StdDev of Aggression 15.25606 and MDU the mean value Count of Aggression 14, Average of Aggression respectively which are given in table reveals that the significant difference was found out in MDU female wrestlers of universities of Haryana on Anxiety. Residual standard error: 12.61092 The p-value is lower than the usual threshold of 0.05. We have to reject null hypothesis and have to accept that mean AGGRESSION scores among females in different universities are significantly different.

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Assistant Professor in Physical Education, I. B. (PG) College, Panipat