A Study on the Effect of Yoga on Mental and Physical Health

Exploring the Potential of Yoga as a Supportive Therapy

by Kanika Rawat*,

- Published in International Journal of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, E-ISSN: 2231-3745

Volume 13, Issue No. 1, Jan 2018, Pages 111 - 117 (7)

Published by: Ignited Minds Journals


ABSTRACT

This study reviews the existing research on the impact of yoga therapies on different mental and physical health aspects, by drawing on the findings presented in review papers. Collectively, these articles indicate a variety of places where yoga could well be helpful, but for nearly all of them to truly identify these benefits, further work is needed. The variability of the treatments and situations examined has hindered the usage of meta-analysis as a appropriate method for summing up existing literature. However, there are several meta-analyses that suggest beneficial effects of yoga treatments, and there are some fairly high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that suggest beneficial effects of yoga on pain-associated injury and mental wellbeing. Yoga can well be successful in reducing some medical problems as a supporting supplement, yet not yet a established stand-alone, curative therapy. Larger-scale and more comprehensive work with better scientific standards and appropriate management strategies is strongly recommended as yoga can have the ability to be applied as a fairly cost-effective supportive adjunct therapy, may be used at least in part as a therapeutic self-care procedure, delivers life-long coping skills, increases self-efficacy and promotes self-reliance.

KEYWORD

yoga, mental health, physical health, therapy, research, beneficial effects, meta-analysis, RCTs, medical problems, supportive adjunct therapy

INTRODUCTION

The World Health Organization estimates that by 2020, following ischemic heart disease, depression would be the second greatest contributor to the global illness burden. Anxiety is now treated at a greater pace than it has been in the past. Given these test changes, care regimens usually contain prescription treatments that are not appropriate for more infectious control or emotional well-being. Addressing behavioral wellbeing and physical fitness issues successfully requires a holistic strategy that explores the source of the problem(s). In this paper we include proof of yoga as a method of fitness promotion, illness prevention and stress recovery, as well as other mental and physical health imbalances. Like other treatments, yoga still is not a complete cure for behavioral wellbeing and physical fitness issues. Yoga has tremendous promise in tandem with other strategies to drive citizens towards greater mental well-being. Yoga developed as a collection of physical and philosophical rituals in India, some thousand years ago. Throughout the second century BC it was formalized in the context of the Yoga Sutras, credited to scholar Patanjali. The sense of 'yoga' is 'assembly' or 'yoke' or 'joining.' Yoga was initially a way of linking a normal, flawed human being to the universal concept, or Deity. This succeeds at uniting mind, body and spirit. The mind may be conditioned by the practice of yoga to calm by deep relaxation and become centered whilst keeping the air. This exercise contributes to mind control. Doing yoga will also enhance mental wellbeing, not just the physical part, but even immersing yourself in the emotional element of it. Yogis (those who practice yoga) claim that yoga will the build-up of repressed feelings in the mind, and ultimately eliminate it. The cycle is slow but the results will continue while yoga is already done. "Yoga is a very powerful technique for reducing tension and relaxing.

EFFECT OF YOGA ON MENTAL HEALTH

Regulates your adrenal glands

Yoga decreases volumes in the cortical. If it doesn't seem like anything, think about this. Usually, in reaction to an immediate situation, the adrenal glands secrete the cortical, briefly improving immune function. If even after the crisis the cortical rates stay high they can weaken the immune system. Temporary increases in long-term memory cortical aid, however consistently elevated rates weaken performance, and can contribute to irreversible brain changes. In fact, toxic cortical substances have been related to severe depression, osteoporosis (it absorbs calcium and other nutrients from bones and interferes with fresh bone laying), elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance. High cortical rates in rats contribute to what researchers term "food seeking activity" (the sort that causes you to eat calories as fat in the belly, leading to weight gain and risk of diabetes and heart attack.

Increases your self-esteem

Most of them have a consistently weak self-esteem. When you treat such negative-taking medications, overeat, work too long, sleep around-you might be emotionally, psychologically, and morally paying the price for the reduced health. When you adopt a constructive stance and pursue meditation, you'll know whether you're worthy or, as yogic theory says, you 're a reflection of the Almighty, first in fleeting glimpses then then in more prolonged experiences. If you consistently train with an aim of self-examination and improvement-not only as a replacement for an aerobics class you will reach a new part of yourself. You will feel feelings of appreciation, remorse, and redemption, as well as a feeling of being part of something greater. Although better health is not the goal of spirituality, it is often a by-product, as numerous clinical studies have recorded.

Create peace of mind

According to Patanjali's Yoga Sutra, meditation quenches the emotional disturbances. To put it another way, it speeds down the inner cycles of disappointment, guilt, rage, anxiety and attraction that can trigger tension. And because depression causes too many health issues — from migraines and anxiety to lupus, MS, eczema, elevated blood pressure, and heart attacks — if you learn to relax your mind, you are likely to live longer and safer..

Build up your immune system

Asana and pranayama are known to improve immune function but meditation has the greatest research evidence in this field to date. This tends to have a positive impact on the immune system‘s functioning, improving it when required (for example, increasing antibody rates in reaction to a vaccine) and reducing it when required (for example, minimizing an overly violent immune function in an autoimmune disorder such as psoriasis).

Releases tension in your limbs

Keeping the handset or a steering wheel with a death grip or scrunching your nose as you glance at a computer screen, do you ever see yourself? Such involuntary patterns in the hands, arms, legs, back, and face can contribute to constant discomfort, muscle weakness, and soreness, which can exacerbate stress and deteriorate the mood. You tend to note that you retain stress as you practice yoga: it could be in your mouth, your hair, or your face and neck muscles. If you just tuning in, you may be able to relieve the stress between your years to know how to relax.

Maintains your nervous system

Some experienced yogis can exercise exceptional influence over their bodies, many of which are controlled by the nervous system. Scientists have studied yogis who could trigger irregular heart rhythms, produce unique brain-wave patterns and increase the temperature of their hands by 15 degrees Fahrenheit using a mediation technique. If you can use yoga to do that, you may learn to increase the blood flow to the pelvis if you want to get pregnant or relax when you have difficulty sleeping.

EFFECT OF YOGA ON PHYSICAL HEALTH

Improvement in flexibility

Some of the first and most noticeable advantages of yoga is increased versatility. You certainly won't be able to brush your toes during the first lesson, never mind performing a backbend. But if you keep to it, you'll experience a slow loosening, and perhaps difficult positions can finally become feasible. You'll also even find that the aches and pains are starting to fade. There is no chance. Due to poor positioning of the thigh and shinbones tight hips will strain the knee joint. Tight hamstrings can cause the lumbar spine to flatten, which may contribute to back pain. And muscle and connective tissue inflexibility, including fascia and ligaments, may cause poor posture.

Makes your posture perfect

Your head is like a bowling ball — big, strong, and circular. When it's positioned directly above an upright spine, the neck and back muscles require even less effort to sustain it. But, push just a few inches forward and you start straining the muscles. Pick on for eight to 12 hours a day the forward-leaning bowling ball and it's no wonder you 're sick of it. And popular tiredness isn't the only question. Bad posture may trigger problems with the back, spine, and other muscles and joints. When you slump, your body can compensate by flattening your neck and lower back with the usual inward curves. This can cause inflammation and degenerative spinal arthritis.

Increase heart rate

You reduce the chances of heart disease and will alleviate stress as you consistently bring the heart rate into the aerobic zone. Although not all yoga is aerobic, it will raise the heart rate into the aerobic zone if you perform it regularly, or take flow or Ashtanga lessons. But also yoga workouts that do not increase the heart rate and may boost the fitness of the cardiovascular. Researchers also shown that yoga practice reduces the heart rate at rest,

manifestations at enhanced aerobic fitness. One research showed that participants teaching only pranayama could use less oxygen to do more exercise.

Control blood pressure

If you have high blood pressure, then you can gain from yoga. Two reports of people with hypertension, reported in the British medical journal The Lancet, contrasted Savasana's (Corpse Pose) results to merely sitting on a sofa. Within three months, Savasana was linked with a 26-point decrease in systolic blood pressure (the maximum level) and a 15-point decrease in diastolic blood pressure (the lowest number — and the higher the original blood pressure, the larger the decline.

EFFECT OF YOGA ON ANXIETY

Yogic activities increase muscle strength and endurance in the body, encourage and strengthen respiratory and cardiovascular efficiency, facilitate rehabilitation from and treatment of addiction, alleviate tension, anxiety, depression and chronic pain, change sleep habits and boost general well-being and quality of life. Relaxation reaction requires a profound sense of relaxation achieved through methods such as meditation, praying, or breathing techniques. Yoga techniques indicate that they may reduce the effect of excessive responses to stress which may be helpful for both anxiety and depression. Yoga works in this way as other self-relieving methods, such as reflection, relaxing, workout, or even socializing with mates. Stress, terror, anxiety – once you try to list all the times in existence where you have felt such feelings, you will lose track! Anxiety over the results of a board test or the parents' response to the report card; nervousness over the first date or a work interview – both people should have gone through those times. A bit of fear is normal; in reality, it's important to stay calm, concentrated and creative just like salt in the meal. The question arises when this anxiety is pervasive and so overwhelming as to begin to interfere with our daily lives. Instead it is a condition of distress, a state of extreme uneasiness, apprehension, or terror of the uncertain that needs to be handled, and that is when yoga will improve. Yoga is a physical activity including different movements to the body, relaxation exercises and meditation. The counseling can help with depression and the symptoms, such as concentrating difficulties or energy loss, mental and emotional problems such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Yoga for calming, and relaxation activities. Many people who haven't adapted to conventional therapies may do better with yoga because, Streeter notes, unlike prescription medications, yoga and deep respiration address the autonomic nervous system. When the autonomic nervous system is healthy and the rest of the brain functions well,' the key goals of this research is to explore the psychological impact of yoga on anxiety and to assess the efficacy of yoga and yogic relaxation techniques as a therapeutic technique, but yoga itself should not be regarded as the sole therapy choice as it is irrational to deprive..

HOW DOES YOGA WORK?

It is not fully understood the mechanisms which render yoga an obviously successful health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, recovery, and intervention in palliations. Numerous scholars hypothesize that yoga operates by influencing the nervous system, the cardiovascular system and gene expression favorably. Vagal nerve stimulation results in enhanced parasympathetic behavior of the autonomic nervous system and therefore enhances behavior of GABA (neurotransmitter) within the brain. As in many types of physical activity, breathing and body movement impact cardiovascular function positively. Studies contrasting gene expression with controls in long-term yoga students say that yoga favorably changes profiles of the gene expression of immune cells. The air is a link between mind and body, from a yogic viewpoint. Slow diaphragmatic breathing is common in virtually any type of yoga. The trick to relaxing the mind is to slow down and to intensify the air. Practicing yoga helps restore emotional health, calmness, and tranquility, primarily attributed to this form of meditation. This is in this quietness and isolation that professionals will communicate internally. Practically all yogic activities, including asana (postures), pranyam (activities of life force), dhyana (meditation), foster quietness and listening within. Kindness and gentleness for oneself and others is part of the discipline on and on the mat. A yogic proverb says that we achieve a stable mind from a fixed body. It makes us become more compassionate, more understanding, less inclined to rage and more sorrowful. Furthermore, yoga takes "home" practitioners to their own self, in part through imitating nature. Many of the asanas resemble plants and animals including tree pose, dog pose, cat pose, snake pose, and others. The final element in a yoga lesson is savasana, the corpse posture, in which participants lay down in deep rest with their arms and legs spread. shifts and functions. Ayurvedic physicians are offering savasana to almost all of their patients as a cure for the hectic nature of life in modern society. Savasana blends intense respiration with a thorough relaxing in every portion of the body. Although certain people that fall asleep during savasana, the aim is to retain consciousness while the remainder of the body rests. The feeling of softness and extension allows reduce commitment to content problems. Though we don't seem to speak about this outside of India, the meaning of savasana as a corpse is partially based on the idea that the corpse is in absolute health. Inside Indian mythology death is part of a life-and-re-birth process. By encouraging the mind and body to mimic death, it is possible to let go of all preoccupations and attachments. Throughout fact, yoga helps practices to feel an open-heartedness. Most yogic thinkers find the whole process to be about relating metaphorically to our souls. The heart resides in the center of the seven chakras, within the chakra network. Asanas such as ardachakrasana (back bend), kapotasana (pigeon pose), and ustrasana (camel pose) facilitate the widening of the middle of the chest which is the site of the anahata chakra, the yogic heart centre. Visualizations and pranyams also encourage open heartedness in yoga. The result is always less hesitation, stronger self-acceptance and a more positive attitude to life.

IMPACT OF YOGA ON CERTAIN DISEASES

Cancer

Yoga is helpful in treating problems such as exhaustion, depression, mood changes and tension and enhancing quality of life for people with cancer. Nevertheless, the impact size has not been quantified until now. Yoga may have beneficial impacts on cancer patients' psychological wellbeing. Most cancer patients undergo psychiatric effects that are consistent with disease, including mood changes, fatigue and anxiety. However, more focus needs to be given to the physical results of yoga and the scientific consistency of potential studies and these fields need to be strengthened in the potential.

Diabetes mellitus

Yoga has been demonstrated to be a easy and inexpensive therapy tool, and can be deemed a helpful adjuvant for patients with non-insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The level of hyperglycemia and region index sum under the oral glucose tolerance check curve was dramatically decreased in a sample of diabetics who frequently performed yoga. This longitudinal research found that the need for oral hypoglycemic in order to retain sufficient regulation of blood sugar in the community who performed yoga has decreased. The impact of with longitudinal tests and a placebo sample, both yoga and exercise resulted in substantial decreases in fasting blood glucose at 3 and 6 months

IMPACT OF YOGA:

Physiological Impacts:

Via yoga, the body activates a series of beneficial chemical reactions within the body, reduces the pulse rate, lowers blood lactate content, lowers muscle stress, leading to more effective distribution of gas through the lungs, lower cortisol rates and adrenal rates. This not only strengthens the immune system but also contributes to higher amounts of vitality and improved power.

Mental Benefits:

Researchers also shown that the advantages of Yoga involve enhanced attention, relaxation rates and peace of mind. It also tends to minimize tension levels, decrease depression, and alleviate anxiety. The sleep period is strengthened, as the discomfort is that. Yoga as a way of life promotes self-image and health.

Immunity:

If exercised consistently and in a comfortable environment on a daily basis, the brain generates more of the beneficial neurotransmitter 'serotonin' and activates fewer of the harmful 'cortisol' that impairs cognitive capacity, causes elevated blood pressure and blood sugar imbalances, and adversely influence the immune system. The Less Demonstrable: One of Yoga's most important advantages is that it contributes to a greater understanding of one's self, a certain degree of tranquility and consciousness. Although some love the philosophical facets of the profession, the reality is that by shaping their personality, they have the ability to transform an individual as a whole.

IMPACT OF MEDITATION (MINDFULNESS):

Meditation, or as Westerners prefer to label it "consciousness," has the potential to develop qualities such as concentration, memory and emotional maturity.

Building resilience:

Studies suggest that meditation has proven itself to decrease rates of fear, thereby growing tolerance and efficiency under stress.

Studies of brain scans say that meditation will greatly boost the ability to monitor and manage your emotions. More importantly, it makes the subconscious gain care over the body and not the other way around.

Mind sharpens:

It has been clinically established through numerous experiments that the human imagination is most imaginative, because while the imagination is in a calm state of mind, it comes up with the best ideas because breakthroughs. During meditation the mind is in a balanced state, thereby promoting divergent thought at its highest and seeking the greatest amount of possible alternatives to a given question, one of the most critical facets of creativity.

Reduce stress:

Under tension, people continue to limit their viewpoints and this diminishes the sense of empathy, thereby impacting success and friendship. Meditation has a strong link to enhancing the individual's attitude, thereby optimizing both efficiency and partnership in a team.

Increase concentration:

Meditation helps reduce our addictive propensity, thus growing our capacity to think properly and remain centered. It also helps develop one's reasoning and decision-making abilities.

Increase energy levels and decrease sleep:

Practicing meditation results in reduced sleep disruption and can boost their sleep efficiency. Good sleep indicates reduced rates of pain and exhaustion. A regular sleep pattern tends to control your circadian cycles, meaning that energy rates stay the entire day.

Build up feelings of wellbeing:

Emotional health is of immense value to a greater understanding of wellness. The capacity to control one‘s feelings plays a significant role in making yourself more resourceful and successful. Developing a habit of meditation can motivate the thoughts to become more aware. Meditation is a treatment for modern-day lifestyle tension. It equilibrates the immune system.

YOGA AND MINOR MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

Anxiety, tension and depression sometimes pervade our life. They sometimes view them as small issues, Research shows that yoga is unique in its positive ability to relieve fear, tension and depression. In view of the positive impact on the feel-good neurotransmitters, alpha-wave function, vagal sound, serum prolactin yet declining oxidative stress, lipid level, serum cortisol, decreased control of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis and alkalinity, yoga could have enormous utility for soothing the anxiety, distress , depression, feelings of shame, suicidal ideation and a sense of peace, balance; Training of postures may increase the degree of distress-tolerance in tense circumstances and decrease emotional eating habits. None of the leisure practices, like smiling, socializing, playing fun games or shopping, will relax our emotional condition to a larger degree than meditation, as both of these experiences involve a degree of nervous system relaxation. Also walking has not been documented to cause greater effects than yoga on our mental function and degree of anxiety. With sufficient evidence of causal association between stress and several chronic diseases (i.e., cardiac disease, cancer , stroke, diabetes, etc.), yoga can be effective as a stress management method not just to reduce emotional dissatisfaction, but also to reduce the burden of stressed diseases generated. Irritations that are part of daily life may be minimized by Yoga practice. This can reduce exhaustion and anxiety in patients suffering from life-threatening diseases as well. Yoga decreases involuntary reactive behavior by improving sensitivity and improves pro-activity in challenging circumstances that impel frustration or anxiety. If lifestyle changes are paired with yoga practice, anxiety and depression can be minimized in regular teenagers in people with gastrointestinal illness and loneliness and poor body image. Because of its beneficial role in improving endurance and consciousness of the mind-body, it will help people change their activities according to environmental need and personal feelings. Doing group yoga will improve teamwork and collectivism among participants of the party. This may be seen as a possible solution to pharmacological treatment for patients with depression and anxiety by rising stress responses like blood pressure, stress hormone cortisol levels.

CARDIOPULMONARY CONDITIONS AND YOGA

Blood Pressure and Hypertension

Research studying the blood pressure and hypertension impact of yoga, including RCTs, non-randomized clinical experiments, unregulated research, cross-sectional analysis, and single-yoga were some reported possible biases in the examined studies ( i.e., lifestyle influencing or other factors) and shortcomings in some of the studies that made it "difficult to discern a yoga-specific impact" Studies have showed minor, negligible changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in favor of yoga as contrasted with no therapy. Yoga exercises lead only to minor and marginal changes in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure as combined with physical education.

Pulmonary Function

Research examining the impact of yoga on lung quality in balanced people and patients with recurrent bronchitis and asthma, in his concise literature analysis. There are documented changes to different lung function parameters through breathing regulation strategies, unique postures, and/or calming methods in stable people that perform yoga. Nevertheless, such changes were "not compatible and relied on the duration of yoga instruction, the form of yoga technique utilized (e.g., relaxation exercises and yoga postures), and the nature of topic several research on asthma patients reporting increases in peak expiratory flow rate, usage of medicine and severity of asthma attacks. Just a few minor and negligible changes in lung function variables were shown in a double-blinded RCT with placebo-control. Even more comprehensive studies are required to explain the importance of yoga respiratory activities for asthma patients.

MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS AND YOGA

Musculoskeletal Functioning and Pain

There have been 3 longitudinal studies and 2 supplementary reports on the impact of yoga on musculoskeletal activity, chronic pain disorders and pain-associated impairment. Six articles directly discussed low back pain or arthritis, while the remaining reports outlined research on varying types of persistent pain, most focused on musculoskeletal disorders and underlying disabilities. Involved vector statistical efficiency RCTs and observed that 10 of 11 researchers recorded substantially stronger yoga-related results relative to "normal treatment, self-care, physical therapy, soothing meditation, contact and coercion, or no action." Current meta-analysis of pain intensity / frequency and pain-related injury involved single-blinding RCTs, non-blind RCTs. Tested trials involved yoga to relieve back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, headache / migraine and other symptoms (i.e., hemodialysis, bowel irritable syndrome, labourpain, etc.). All these research also documented promising results on the yoga interventions. There were mild pain-related research, there was proof that yoga could be beneficial for many conditions connected with pain. Therefore, to validate such positive results, well-designed large-scale experiments with appropriate controls for confounding factors and more rigorous statistical analysis are needed. The findings suggest that yoga was more successful than control measures (including routine treatment or traditional therapy exercises) with regard to chronic back pain, although some research found little distinction within community. Two recent and adequately controlled yoga studies for back pain have been conducted and clinically relevant results for yoga have been recorded over normal medical treatment from 6 to 12 months after randomization but not over intense stretching activity.

CONCLUSION

Yoga affects every body cell. It brings about improved contact between neuron-effectors, improves body energy, increases the optimum functioning of all organ-systems, increases resistance to stress and disease, and brings tranquility, balance; positive attitude and equanimity in the practitioner which makes him lead a purposeful and healthier life. The effects of enhanced calming feelings, enhanced self-confidence and body image, improved performance, stronger interpersonal interactions, increased attentiveness by yoga and meditation as a way of life promote an positive perspective on existence. Yoga brings into account not only physical wellbeing but also emotional wellness. Yoga, which stresses the essential, is a great complement to certain human practices that glorify the specific and have constant motivation and happiness base. The "yoga seed" finds fertile land, ideas of good can evolve naturally, taking root gradually but steadily in every part of existence. Using meditation, we learn how to "unwind" through the various calming methods found in the meditation science to offset the tremendous amount of tension and pressure that is part and parcel of everyday life. Meditation allows one to be open to one's own bio-rhythms, one's own mental and emotional bodily periods. "The ideal state of harmonious wellbeing is harmony with the world. This gives us numerous realistic day-to-day modes of intervention to become mindful of one's self, because psychosomatic conditions cannot be treated without knowledge. The most significant aspect is life satisfaction; the feeling that one's own existence is pleasant, which coincides with traits such as self-esteem, stamina, confidence , self-reliance, healthier behaviors, and pro-social behavior, which is for the most part the hectic life routine of today. Yoga Asana not only controls or redirects bodily action and actions but also activates various organs, muscles and body

stimulated by asana, wind, and pose metaphors. Having glanced at the emerging battle for the cut throat, teens face a number of issues. We don't have time to focus with them because of a hectic routine from morning to evening until bed time. We can quickly maintain healthy mental and physical wellbeing with help from practicing Super Brain yoga. Super Brain Yoga is a method that goes on early for anyone. If you sit, you will get a clear mind and a strong frame.

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Corresponding Author Student, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior