Influence of Resistance Training on Selected Osteokinematics Variables of Badminton Players

Kinematics is the word specified to the study of movement. Osteokinematics is the learning of the movement of the bone in space. The movement of the bone is evaluated, measured, and recorded to symbolize the joint ROM. Joint ROM is the total of movement that occurs at a joint to produce movement of a bone in space. To execute active range of motion (AROM), the patient contracts muscle to voluntarily move the body part through the ROM without assistance. To perform passive range of motion (PROM), the therapist or alternative external force moves the body part through the ROM. A sound knowledge of anatomy is compulsory to assess the ROM at a joint. This includes information of joint articulations, motions, and normal limiting factors. (Clarkson 2012) Anatomy and Osteokinematics Although Gray's Anatomy terms the radiocarpal joint as "the wrist joint proper," additional authors describe a wrist joint complex that includes the extra distal metacarpal joint as well as the radiocarpal joint. The radiocarpal joint consists of the articulation between the distal finish of the radius and the radioulnar disk proximally, and the proximal row of carpal bones distally. The articulation between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones makes up the metacarpal joint. Movement at both joints is needed to achieve the full range of motion (ROM) of the wrist, which has been classified as a condyloid joint. Motions present at the wrist consist of flexion, extension, abduction (radial deviation), and adduction (ulnar deviation). Limitations of Motion: Wrist Joint With the fingers free to move, limitation of wrist flexion and extension range of motion is made by passive tension in ligaments crossing the dorsal and volar surfaces of the wrist, individually. Thus, the end-feel for passive flexion and extension of the wrist is firm. But, if the fingers are not free to move and are flexed, the station of the fingers will limit wrist flexion secondary to passive tension in the extrinsic finger extensors. Equally, extension of the fingers will limit wrist extension owing to passive tension in the extrinsic finger flexors. Wrist adduction is limited by ligamentous structures (radial collateral ligament) and is related with a capsular end-feel, whereas wrist abduction is limited by bony contact between the radial styloid method and the trapezium, producing a bony end-feel at the limit of wrist abduction., bi

To report the assumption presented here, we a selection of forty school-level badminton players. Their age‘s variety from 14 to 17 years old. The particular subjects were divided into two equal groups of twenty people each. No attempt was made to level the groups. Experiment group I (n = 20) accompanied resistance training (RT) for 12 weeks and group II (n = 20) acted as a control group (CG), however subjects in the control group did not participate in any other exercise program than their natural work.

Assessed parameters are wrist flexion and extension (180◦ goniometer). After 12 weeks of resistance training, the parameters were measured at baseline and the effects of training were investigated. 2.3 Training Program The training program continued 60 minutes per session, 3 days a week for an eight-week period. These 60 minutes consist of 10 minutes of warm-up, 40 minutes of their particular training, and 10 minutes of warm-up. During every three weeks of training, the 5% load intensity increased from 65% to 80% of the workload. The amount of training is mentioned based on the number of sets and repetitions.

The collected data were analyzed with application of ‗t‘ test to find out the individual effect from base line to post-test if any. 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the level of significance.

(Scores in degree) The above table reveals the computation of‗t‘ ratio between mean of pretest and posttest of control and experimental group on wrist flexion and extension, of table value 2.09. It was found statistically not significant for the degree of freedom 1, and 14 at 0.05 level of confidence. The mean values of pretest and posttest of wrist flexion, extension, ulna deviation and radial deviation of badminton players. The mean values of pre and posttest of wrist flexion, extension, ulna deviation and radial deviation for control group were 11.69 and 16.17 were greater than required table value 2.09. It was found statistically significant for the degree of freedom 1, and 19 at 0.05 level of confidence.

The current study experimented the influence of resistance training on selected osteokinematics variables of badminton plyers. The result of this study specified that the resistance training improves the osteokinematics variables such as Wrist Flexion, Extension, ulna deviation and radial deviation. The findings of the current study had parallel with the findings of the investigations mentioned in this study Farinatti et al., (2014) the practice of hatha yoga was more operational in improving flexibility. Leite et al., (2017) Changed resistance levels indicate improved flexibility for some joints of young people, even though resistance training only increases flexibility. Lim (2016) Merging vibration resistance training with thermotherapy and electrotherapy is very effective in improving wrist extension strength, ROM, elbow function, QQL in tennis elbow patients. Ana Paula (2016) the invention shows that strength training with elastic resistance increases during contraction at the greatest angle of torque and hip flexibility of a classical ballet dancer. Saravanan(2010) evaluated the twelve weeks of sports specific lower body plyometric taming and upper body strength training, sports specific upper body plyometric taining and lower body strength training, sports specific plyometric training md strength training and combination of sports specific plyometric training, stnaqgfti training with skill movement training significantly improved the range of motion variables of shoulder elevation through abduction, thoracolumbar trunk rotation and ankle planter flexion. Boon (1979)

differences. Pinto (2012) It was determined that the result was improved in both full and partial resistance training, but that the fullness would lead to greater strength. Jung-Hyun choi (2016) the result was an increase in flexibility and joint operating range. The results of the current study indicate that the resistance training is effective method to improve flexion, extension, ulna and radial deviation of badminton players. The inconsistency between the results and the results of previous studies might be attributed to a number of reasons, such as the training experience level of the subjects, the training programme, the intensity used and the duration of the training programme.

Eight weeks of resistance training produced significant improvements in the flexion, extension, of badminton players. Resistance training is an appropriate training protocol to bring out desirable changes over osteokinematics variables for badminton players.

The following recommendations have been made based *n the results of the present study. 1. The combination of sports specific resistance training, with skill movement training is the appropriate training method for improving the range of motion, physical, physiological, psychological and performance related variables. 2. Similar study may also be conducted for different age group 3. Similar study may also be conducted for particular game and sports at various levels of participation. 4. Studies of similar nature may also be conducted by changing the dependent variables. 5. Similar study may be conducted using various training methods like concurrent training, contrast training and skill based training by employing more experimental groups,

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PhD Research Scholar, Department of Physical Education, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu