Effect of Doping on Performance of Sportspersons

Doping is the use of banned sports substances by professional athletes in organized sport. The term doping is commonly used by sports competitive organizations. Drug usage to enhance the success of most major sporting organizations, including the International Olympic Committee, is deemed unacceptable and thus banned. In addition, overt behavior taken by athletes (or athletic programs) to prevent punishment worsen ethical violations with open frustration and cheating. The use of drugs in sports goes back centuries to the very beginning of the sports idea. In ancient times, when a nation's best athletes or warriors were chosen, they were fed diets and viewed as helping to improve the muscles. For example Berserkers may drink a mixture called butotens in the Scandinavian mythology, so that their physical strength can be greatly enhanced at the expense of madness. The hypothesis was, although it was contested, that the mixture was made from the Mushroom Amanita. - When any athlete uses banned substances or methods to improve in sports it is called as doping. - Doping means athletes taking illegal substances to improve their performance; For Example – Drugs and Steroid used. Doping controlling agencies:- WADA = World Anti-Doping Agency NADA = National Anti-Doping Agency

Androgenic compounds such as anabatic steroids are the most widely used drugs. Typically, anabolic steroids are administered in tablet form or injected into muscles. In creams or gels, others are added to the skin. This allows athletes to train more and get faster and muscle building.

They warn athletes and can resolve fatigue impacts by increasing heart velocity and blood flow. The

They are used to remove fluid from the body, which can hide other drug use or in sports such as boxing and horse riding, help competitiors ―make the weight.‖

They are employed to disguise wounds or tiredness – but they can make lesions worse in practice. Drugs such as morphine, cocaine, are opioids. Which are used by athletes to relieve pain and anxiety. Nonetheless, opiate – the painkiller codeine derived is allowed.

In sports like archers and firefighting, the use of beta-blocker drugs that are recommended for avoiding heart failure and high blood pressure is forbidden, as it keeps the heart rate down and eliminates trembling. For example:- Archery, Shooting, Golf etc.

It is the process of increasing the red blood cells by blood transfusion. It is less common, where blood is removed from the body and injected back in later to boost oxygen levels. There are two types: a. Autologous Doping: Help to increase oxygen in the blood. b. Homologous Doping: Increase strength in the muscles.

Gene doping is cell or gene manipulation to increase the efficiency of the body in sports. The functioning of ordinary healthy cells can be strengthened. Throughout muscle and bone growth, gene therapy plays an significant role. It also accelerates the repair of the injured tendon and ligament.

This can lead to blood pressure, sudden heart attack, shifting mood, violence, depression. This may also cause males to be bald and impotent. (Men's small amount of sperm). It increased women's facial hair and voices.

Causes insomnia, anxiety and aggression. It directly effects on the central nervous system and cardio vascular system. For Example – Poor judgment.

Can cause of loss of balance and co-ordination, cause drowsiness, vomiting, constipation. It may cause fainting and coma.

Reduces endurance, headache and weak digestion. Risk of heart attack due to slow heart rate.

Doping or substance misuse is a big issue with potential root causes for athletes. The desire to be the best in sport dates from old days as well as the use of drugs to boost results. With that pressure from athletes, it is not shocking that athlete's substance abuse is virtually everywhere. Evidence based healthy options for the best diet, best fitness methods and psychological approaches to enhancing success should be provided by trainers, coaches, physical instructors and other healthcare professionals, all leading to athletes trust their natural abilities.

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Associate Professor, H.O.D Physical Education Department, S.D. College Barnala, Punjab, India