Two Dimensional Test-Retest Video Graphical Reliability and Validity Coefficient Correlation of Selected Agility Tests of Female Students of Physical Education and Sports Himachal Pradesh University Shimla

The American College of Sports Medicine in 1990 proposed that "fitness is the ability to perform moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity without undue fatigue and the capability of maintaining such ability throughout life. (David C. Nieman. 1986). The ability to change body position and direction quickly and efficiently is known as agility. Agility is important in sports such as basketball soccer and racquetball in which the participant must change direction rapidly and at the same time maintain proper body control. Agility as define refers to the ability to change your entire body position in space rapidly with accuracy and speed. Sports coach Brian Mac offers a slightly different perspective defining agility as the ability to perform a successive series of powerful explosive movements quickly in opposing directions. Agility is typically measured by performing a timed shuttle run. (Thomas D. Fahey et.al 2007) Reliability is the second technical standard that the teacher can use when selecting tests. A test is said to be reliable if it is dependable: if similar results occur when the test is repeated by the same group under like conditions. Reliability is related to the test performance itself. The tester is the same, the students are the same, and the test is the same. Assume that the test is administered and then readministered. If the students' scores fall in the same positions, the test is reliable. The student who performed best the first time is still best, the poorest performer is still poorest, and all in between is approximately in the same order. Validity is the most important of the technical standards because it tests the honesty of a test. The teacher wants to have confidence that a test selected to use as a measure of the tennis serve for example is indeed just that and not a test of shoulder girdle strength or of general motor ability. If a test is presented as a measure of the volleyball volley then to be valid it must measure volleying ability and. ideally it must measure it to such a degree that other influencing factors such as height and weight are incidental to the final results. (Harold M. Barrow et.al, 1979). The 60 Yard Shuttle run is part of the fitness testing battery for the NFL Combine. Participants run to 5 yards, 10 yards, 15 yards, there and back, for a total www.topendsports.com:https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/shuttle-60yard.htm The reliability and validity of video graphic (biomechanical) is very high because reliability and validity are authentic the average value sixty yards shuttle run test is .941 and measuring high speed is a challenge Hence the purpose of the study was to record the performance of selected agility test item by adopting video graphic (biomechanical) measurement system to test the reliability and validity of the selected test item.

Keeping in view the purpose of the study, 70 female students of physical education and sports Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla were randomly selected. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 ≥ 25 years. The randomly selected female subjects were sportsperson (i.e. at least state level participation).

2 – D Camera was used for Video recording.

The selected tests item and variables has been documented in table 1

about Sixty yards shuttle run test and Forty yards shuttle run test educated about its significance. The Sixty yards shuttle run test was done in front of the subjects. Subjects performed the test and their performance was recorded by 2D video recording camera.

The raw data acquired from the subjects were quantified with the help of Kinovea Software 0.8.15.

Following statistical techniques were applied for analysis 1. Descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation). 2. Cronbach‘s Alpha. 3. Product moments correlation for obtaining reliability and validity coefficient. 4. For the purpose of evaluating the reliability coefficient. Kirkendall et. al., (1987) criteria was followed as given in table 2

A commonly accepted rule for describing internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha is as on Table 3

According to table 4 the selected sixty yards shuttle run test variables namely time taken to cover first five yards (TT1st5YT1) trail one the mean value 1.5197 and SD .16821, time taken to cover five yards come back (TT5YCBT1) trail one the mean value is 3.28850 and SD .29205, time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10YT1) trail one the mean value is 6.1163 and SD .45831, time taken to cover ten yards SD .61162, time taken to cover first fifteen yards (TT1st15YT1) trail one the mean value is 12.9120 and SD .89424, time taken to cover fifteen yards come back (TT15YCBT1) trail one the mean value is 16.5797 and SD 1.07369, namely time taken to cover first five yards (TT1st5YT2) trail second the mean value 1.5173 and SD.17273, time taken to cover five yards come back (TT5YCBT2) trail second the mean value is 3.2897 and SD .29430, time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10YT2) trail second the mean value is 6.1163 and SD .45831, time taken to cover ten yards (TT10YCBT2) trail two the mean value is 9.0260 and SD .60931, time taken to cover first fifteen yards (TT1st15YT2) trail two the mean value is 12.9120 and SD .89424, time taken to cover fifteen yards come back (TT15YCBT2) trail two the mean value is 16.5797 and SD 1.07369, time taken to cover first five yards (TT1st5YT3) trail three the mean value is 1.5167 and SD .16672, time taken to cover five yards come back (TT5YCBT3) trail three the mean value is 3.2850 and SD.29205 time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10YT3) trail three the mean value is 6.1183 and SD .45934, time taken to cover ten yards (TT10YCBT3) trail three the mean value is 9.0290 and SD .60876, time taken to cover first fifteen yards (TT1st15YT3) trail three the mean value is 12.9127 and SD .89410, time taken to cover five yards come back (TT5YCBT3) trail three the mean value is 16.5797 and SD 1.07369.

found .996 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T2 and T3 was found .993 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and T3 was found .997 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and TT was found .760 which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criterion of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2. The reliability coefficient of selected variable namely TT5YCB correlation between T1 and T2 was found .997 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T2 and T3 was found .996 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and T3 was found .998 the reliability coefficient correlation between T1 and TT was found .932 which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criterion of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2. The reliability coefficient of selected variable namely TT1st10Y correlation between T1 and T2 was found .999 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T2 and T3 was found .998 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and T3 was found .999 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and TT was found .995 which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criterion of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2.

The reliability coefficient of selected variable namely TT1st15Y correlation between T1 and T2 was found 1.00 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T2 and T3 was found 1.00 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and TT which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criterion of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2. The reliability coefficient of selected variable namely TT15YCB correlation between T1 and T2 was found 1.00 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T2 and T3 was found .999 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and T3 was found .999 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and TT was found .963 which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criterion of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2.

According to table 6 the internal consistency of selected sixty yards shuttle run test variables namely TT5YT1, TT5YCBT1, TT10YT1, TT10YCBT1, TT15YT1 and TT15YCBT1 Trail one was found .919 ≤ α which was excellent internal consistency. The internal consistency of selected sixty yards shuttle run test variables namely TT5YT2, TT5YCBT2, TT10YT2, TT10YCBT2, TT15YT2 and TT15YCBT2 Trail two was found .918 ≤ α which was excellent. The internal consistency of selected sixty yards shuttle run test variables namely TT5YT3, TT5YCBT3, TT10YT3, TT10YCBT3, TT15YT3 and TT15YCBT3 Trail three was found .918 ≤ α which was excellent. The above table 8 all three trails value of coefficient of correlation are 0.9 ≤ α which is excellent and highly reliability and validity as per given criteria of Cronbach‘s Alpha table 3.

yards shuttle run test namely time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10YT1) trail one mean value is 2.5142 and SD is .26515, time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCBT1) trail one the mean value 5.4858 and SD is .50665, time taken to cover second ten yards (TT2nd10YT1) trail one the mean value is 8.3926 and SD .67043, time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCBT1) trail one mean value 11.2250 and SD is .82150, time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10YT2) trail second the mean value is 2.5076 and SD .26742 time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCBT2) trail second mean value is 5.4761 and SD value .50882 time taken to cover second ten yards (TT2nd10YT2) trail second the mean value is 8.3958 and SD .67346 time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCBT2) trail second the mean value is 11.2271 and SD .82401 time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10YT3) trail third the mean value is 2.5116 and SD .26526, time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCBT3) trial third the mean value is 5.4821 and SD is .50891, time taken to cover second ten yards (TT2nd10YT3) trail third the mean value is 8.3905 and SD .67275, time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCBT3) trial third the mean value is 11.2289 and SD is .8224.

According to table 8 the reliability and Coefficient correlation of selected test item forty yards shuttle run test variables namely time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10Y) the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and T2 was found .999 correlation between T2 and T3 was found .999 reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and T3 was found .998 reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and TT was found .905 which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criteria of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2. selected variables namely time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCB) correlation between T1 and T2 was found .999 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T2 and T3 was found .998 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and T3 was found .999 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and TT was found .975 which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criterion Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2. The reliability and validity coefficient of correlation of selected variables namely time taken to cover second ten yards (TT2nd10YCB) correlation between T1 and T2 was found 1.00 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T2 and T3 was found .999 the correlation between T1 and T3 was found 1.00 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and TT was found .989 which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criterion of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2. The reliability and validity coefficient of correlation of selected variables namely time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCB) correlation between T1 and T2 was found 1.00 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T2 and T3 was found .914 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and T3 was found 1.00 the reliability coefficient of correlation between T1 and TT was found .997 which was highly coefficient of correlated as per given criteria of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2.

According to table 9 the internal consistency of third trial of selected variables namely TT1st10YT3, TT10YCBT3, TT2nd10YT3 and TT10YCBT3 was found .934 ≤ α which was excellent as per given criteria of table 3.

(1) Present study find that the selected Sixty yards shuttle run test variables namely time taken to cover first five yards (TT1st5Y), time taken to cover five yards come back (TT5YCB), time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10Y), time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCB), Time taken to cover first fifteen yards (TT1st15Y), and time taken to cover fifteen yards come back (TT15YCB) T1, T2 and T3 was found having highly coefficient of correlation. (2) The selected variables of sixty yards shuttle run test namely time taken to cover first five yards (TT1st5Y), time taken to cover five yards come back (TT5YCB), Time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10Y), time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCB), time taken to cover fifteen yards (TT15Y), time taken to cover fifteen yards come back (TT15YCB) Trail one, Trail two and Trail three was found to be having excellent internal consistency for the test item Sixty Yards Shuttle Run Test. (3) The selected forty yards shuttle run test variable namely time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10Y), time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCB), time taken to cover second ten yards (TT2nd10Y), time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCB), Trail one, Trail two and Trail third was found to be having highly coefficient of correlation. (4) The selected forty yards shuttle run test variable namely time taken to cover first ten yards (TT1st10Y), time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCB), time taken to cover second ten yards (TT2nd10Y), time taken to cover ten yards come back (TT10YCB), Trail one, Trail two and Trail third was found .933 ≤ α, .934 ≤ α and .934 ≤ α which is excellent internal consistency.

Within the limitations of the present study, the following conclusions are drawn on the basis of obtaining results. and trail three was found .999 which is excellent and highly reliability and validity coefficient as per given criteria of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2. • The average internal consistency of selected temporal variables of sixty yards shuttle run test trail one, trail two and trail three was found .918 ≤ α which is excellent and highly reliability and validity coefficient as per given criteria of table 3. • The average reliability and validity coefficient correlation of selected temporal variables of forty yards shuttle run test trail one, trail two and trail three was found .999 which is excellent and highly reliability and validity coefficient as per given criteria of Kirkendall et.al, (1987) table 2. • The average internal consistency of selected temporal variables of forty yards shuttle run test trail one, trail two and trail three was found .934 ≤ α which is excellent and highly reliability and validity coefficient as per given criteria of table 3. • Analyzing by using open source software kinovea (0.8.15) for two dimensional video analysis of agility has highly reliable and valid.

• Open source software Kinovea (0.8.15) test is valid to use. You can use smoothly this Kinovea (0.8.15) test to measure any physical activity. • We can do similar research studies to analyze three dimensional videos analysis. • Kinovea (0.8.15) test is an efficient and cheap platform for analysis of movement (Motion), but very few components can be measured. • The increasing demand for physical education in the world and the latest research method for the development of sports are being emphasized daily. Keeping this in mind, the Kinovea (0.8.15) test is not fruitful.

ACKNOWLEDGE

The author acknowledged and special thanks to Engineer Priyanka Bogia for their valuable participation as a ―Tester‖ in the study. The author acknowledged all the volunteers and students of Department of Physical Education MLSM

voluntary participation in the study.

1) Corbin B. (2008) Concept of physical fitness: active life style for wellness‖ Baston, Mass ISBN – 13:978-0-07-3523357-6 2) Shaw D. (1998) ―Fundamental Statistics in Physical Education and Sports Sciences‖ Sports Publication New Delhi. 3) David C. Nieman (1986) ―Fitness and Sports Medicine‖ Health Related Approach, Mayfield Publication Company Mountain Views California 4) Edward T. Howley et.al. (1943) ―Health fitness instructor‘s handbook‖ 4th Edition ISBN 0-7360-4210-5 (Hardcover) 5) Harold Barrow M. et.al. (1979) ―A Practical Approach in Physical education‖. 3rd edition Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger Publication. 6) NSNIS. (1982) ―Physical Fitness Norms for National Sportsmen and Sportswomen‖. Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports, Patiala. 7) Thomas D. Fahey et.al. (2007) ―Fit & well: Core Concept and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness 7th edition, McGraw Hill New York. 8) W.K. Hoeger et.al. (2007) ―Lifetime Physical Fitness and wellness‖ 10th edition, McGraw Hill 9) Wood, R. (2008). topendsport network. Retrieved 11 24, 2020, from www.topendsports.com:https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/shuttle-60yard.htm

Research Scholar, Indira Gandhi Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, (University of Delhi) B. Block Vikaspuri, ND – 18