Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Foot Pressure Distribution and Stabilometric Performance of Sprinters

The purpose of the study was to know the effect of proprioceptive training on foot pressure distribution and stabilometric performance of sprinters. The sprinters of LNIPE having age between 18-24 years were chosen as subjects. Subjects with pathological conditions like fracture, soft tissue injuries, ligament injury were excluded.

• The study was delimited to static foot pressure measurement and further delimited to:-  Tarsal (1-5)  Metatarsal (1-5)  Mid Foot  Lateral Heel  Stabilometry evaluation  CoP distance Average Speed

Hypotheses formulated were that:-

• There would be a significant impact of proprioceptive training on foot pressure distribution of the sprinters.

• Therewould be a significant effect of proprioceptive training on stabilometric performance of sprinters.

For the purpose of the present study the players were tested for stability using COP distance and average speed of COP for 05 seconds in boropodometric pressure platform. The performances of the players were measured in mm and mm/sec. Pre-test and post-test group design were adopted for this study. To test the results of the training given, paired t-test was applied at 0.05 level of significance .The pre-test data were collected before training and the post-test data was collected after six weeks of training.

TRAINING PROTOCOLS

Six weeks training program was conducted by the scholar for the selected group. The practice session was conducted five days per week in the evening session. The subjects were trained at the time of match practice for the duration of 30 minutes with all the participants doing it together. Various exercises were included and each exercise was done with gradual increase in difficulty level.

Paired t-test was applied to find the significant effect of proprioceptive training on foot pressure distribution and stabilometric performance of sprinters. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

It is evident from the above table that the p-value (sig.) for the metatarsal-2 right and lateral heel left are 0.01 and 0.00 , which is less than 0.05. Except them, all other variables are insignificant as the p-value is greater than 0.05.

The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of 6-week proprioceptive training on foot pressure distribution and stabilometric performanceof female sprinters. In this study the research scholar only confined to the foot pressure distribution and stabilometric performance of the female sprinters and there is a significant difference found in the metatarsal-2 right and lateral heel left of the subjects at 0.05 level of significance. Apart from these, no significant difference was found in other parts of the feet. But a significant result may also be obtained by increasing the sample size or by conducting study on elite performers. The result also showed that there is no significant difference found between other parts of the feet,this might be because of the small sample size and low level of performance of the subjects. Some other causes of an insignificant result of the study may be due to having less time duration for the training.The study by Kuitunen Sami et.al. (2011) supports the findings of the study. In the pretext of present findings, hypotheses for the selected variables failed to accept at 0.05 level of significance.

Based on the analysis and findings of the present study, the following conclusions were drawn:

• The p-value (sig.) for the metatarsal-2 right and lateral heel left was less than 0.05 so were found to be significant, except that, all other variables are insignificant as the p-value is greater than 0.05.

1. Bompa, T.O. and haff, G.G. (1999)”.Periodization:theory and methodologytraining”, Human kinetics, United States; 5th Ed: 04. 2. Gerhard Hochmuth. (1984). “Biomechanics of Athletic Movement”Sportverlag, Berllin: 9 3. Hay,J.G. (1973). “The Biomechanics of Sports Techniques”, Prentice Hall Englewood cliffs, New Jersey:2. 4. Hall S.J.(1995). “Basic Biomechanics”, McGraw-Hall; third edition: 4. 5. Hall, S.J. (2004). “Basic Biomechanics”, McGraw-Hall; 66-67 6. Kathryn L. and Hamilton,N. (2002). “Kinesiology: Scientific Basis of Human Motion”, McGraw Hill Higher Education, New York: 262-263. 7. McGinnis, Peter. M.(2005). “Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise”, Human Kinetics; United States: Second Edition: 14. 8. Peter Merton McGinnis. (2005). “Biomechanics of Sports and Exercise”, Human Kinetic, U.S.A.:289. 9. Rai, Ramesh, (2003). “Mechanical Aspects of Human Motion”, Agrim publication Mohali Punjab: 1. 10. Reddy, R.V.S.(2002). “Sports Biomechanics”. New Delhi publication: 1. 11. Smith, M.F.(2010). “Research Methods in Sports”, Tj International, Great Britain: 1-3. 12. Verma, J.P.(2011), “Statistical Methods for Sports and Physical Education”, McGraw-Hill: 161-174. 13. Winter, David A.(2005). “Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement”, John Wiley & Sons; third edition: 1. 14. Alexander Ruhe, Rene Fejer, Bruce Wlker, (2011). “Center of pressure excursion as a measure of balance performance in patients with non-specific low back paincompared to healthy controls: a systematic review of the literature”. European Spine Journal; 20(3): 358-368. 15. Alexander Ruhe, Rene Fejer, Bruce Walker, (2011). “Altered postural sway in patients suffering from non-specific neck pain and whiplash-associated disorder – A systematic review of the literature”. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies; 19:13 16. Alice M. Wong, Yin-Chou Lin, Shih-Wei Chou, Fuk-Tan Tang, and Pong-Yeun Wong, (2001). “Coordination Exercise and Postural Stability in Elderly People: Effect of Tai Chi Chuan”. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation;82(5): 608-612. 17. A Moezy, G Olyaei, M Hadian, M Razi, S Faghihzadeh. (2008). “A comparative study of

reconstruction”. British Journal of Sports Medicine; 42; 373-385. 18. Casey A. Reed, Kevin R. Ford, Gregory D. Myer and Timothy E. Hewett. (2012). “The effects of isolated and integrated „core stability‟ training on athletic performance measures”, Sports Medicine; 42(8); 697-706. 19. David E. Krebs, Alan M. Jette and Susan F. Assmann (1998). “Moderate Exercise Improves Gait Stability in Disabled Elders. Archives of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation”; 79(12): 1489-1495. 20. Huang PY, Lin CF, Kno LC, Liao JC.(2011). “Foot pressure and center of pressure in athletes with ankle instability during lateral shuffling and running gait”. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and science in sports; 21(6): 461-467 21. Mark V. Paterno, Greg D. Myer, Kevin R Ford, Timothy E Hewett. (2004). “Neuromuscular training improves single leg stability in young female athlete”. Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy; 34(6): 1082-1088 22. Min-Chi-Chiu, Hsin-Chieh Wu, Li-TuChaung, Min-Huan Wu.(2013). “Center of pressure progression charecteristics under the planter region for elderly adults”. Gait and Posture; 37(3): 408-412 23. Romero Frenco N, Martinez Amat A, Hita Contreras F, Martinez Lopez EJ. (2014). “Short-term effects of a proprioceptive training session with unstable platforms on the monopdalstabilometry of athletes”. Journal of Physical therapy Science; 26(1): 45-51 24. Romero Franco N, Martinez Lopez E, Lomas Vega R, Hita Contreras F, Martinez Amat A. (2012). “Effects of proprioceptive training program on core stability and center of gravity control in sprinters”. The Journal of strength and Conditioning Research; 26(8): 2071-2077 25. Romero Franco N, Martinez Lopez, Lomas Vega R, Hita Contreras F, Osuna Perez MC, Martinez Amat A. (2013).” Short term effects of proprioceptive training with unstable platform on athletes‟ stabilometry”. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research; 27(8): 2189-219 26. Rene Fejer and Bruce Walker. (2010). “The test-retest reliability of center of pressure measures in bipedal static task conditions – A systematic review of the literature”. Gait and Posture; 32(4): 436-445