Consequences of Unemployment in Haryana & Its Solutions

1. INTRODUCTION:

► To indicate of unemployment in Haryana ► To analyze the nature of unemployment in Haryana ► To study social consequences of unemployment in Haryana Haryana is a state, lies in the north-west part of the country. It came into existence on 1st November 1966 as 20th State of India. It was separated from the state of Punjab on the grounds of different languages. The state is a major contributor to the green revolution and is a good blend of tradition and modern culture.

Normally when we talk of employed people we mean those who have work throughout the year. But this may not possible for all. In agriculture, work is seasonal even though agricultural activities are performed throughout the year. During the peak agricultural seasons (when the crop is ready for harvesting) more people are required for work. Similarly in the sowing, weeding and transplantation period more labor is required. Employment therefore increases at this time. In fact we will find that there is hardly any unemployment in rural areas during these peak agricultural seasons. However, once these seasons are over the agricultural workers, especially those who do not own land or whose land is not sufficient to meet

seasonal unemployment.

People who are unwilling to work at prevailing wage rate and people who get a continuous flow of income from their property or any other sources and need not to work, such people are voluntarily unemployed.

Unemployment attributable to the time required to match production activities with qualified resources. Frictional unemployment essentially occurs because resources, especially labor, are in the process of moving from one production activity to another. Employers are seeking workers and workers are seeking employment, the two sides just haven't matched up. Hence unemployment of the frictional variety increases. This mismatch is largely the result of limited information, which is often compounded by geographic separation between producer and resource.

Cyclical unemployment is based on a greater availability of workers than there are jobs for workers. It is usually directly tied to the state of the economy. Lower demand for products due to lack of consumer confidence, disinterest, or reduction in consumer spending results in the workforce cutting back on production. Since production is reduced, companies that retail such products may also cut back on workforce, creating yet more cyclical unemployment.

There are also instances where we find too many people working when so many are not required. In agriculture we may find that all members of the family work. It is possible that 3-4 people can do a given work in the farm, but we find that the whole family of say 10 people doing the job. This may be because the excess people are not able to find employment elsewhere, so rather than remain unemployed they prefer to do the work along with others. This is known as disguised unemployment. This occurs when more than the necessary numbers of people are employed for the specified work. Disguised unemployment is found in agriculture because of the lack of employment opportunities elsewhere. Similarly disguised unemployment can be found in industry and offices as well. Unemployment Rate (%) States (India) Feb 2019 Bihar 10.9 Chandigarh 15.6 Chhattisgarh 7.5 Delhi 11.6 Goa 5.3 Gujarat 5.5 Haryana 21.3 Himachal Pradesh 13.7 Jammu & Kashmir 17.3 Jharkhand 6.8 Karnataka 2.1 Kerala 7.9 Madhya Pradesh 6.3 Maharashtra 4.1 Meghalaya 6.2 Odisha 6.3 Puducherry 0.9 Punjab 12.4 Rajasthan 10.6 Sikkim 2.8 Tamil Nadu 1.4 Telangana 2.4 Tripura 26.1

Uttar Pradesh 9.6

The Unemployment Rates are produced by CMIE using its Consumer Pyramids Household Survey machinery.Production of these unemployment rates and their public distribution is sponsored by CMIE. Fig below, displaying unemployment in Haryana as per Employment Department, Haryana.

► Rapid Population Growth: It is the leading cause of unemployment in Rural

situation largely in two ways. In the first place, the growth of population directly encouraged the unemployment by making large addition to labor force. It is because the rate of job expansion could never have been as high as population growth would have required. Secondly, the rapid population growth indirectly affected the unemployment situation by reducing the resources for capital formation. Any rise in population, over a large absolute base as in Haryana, implies a large absolute number. It means large additional expenditure on their rearing up, maintenance, and education. As a consequence, more resources get used up in private consumption such as food, clothing, shelter and son on in public consumption like drinking water, electricity medical and educational facilities. This has reduced the opportunities of diverting a larger proportion of incomes to saving and investment. ► Limited Land: Land is the gift of nature. It is always constant and cannot expand like population growth. Since, Haryana population increasing rapidly, therefore, the land is not sufficient for the growing population. As a result, there is heavy pressure on the land. In rural areas, most of the people depend directly on land for their livelihood. Land is very limited in comparison to population. It creates the unemployment situation for a large number of persons who depend on agriculture in rural areas. This very reason is behind the demand of reservation among the agrarian castes like JATS in Haryana. As youth is not qualified enough, they start agitation against government and create blocks in functioning of state (as happened in 2016). ► Seasonal Agriculture: In Rural Society agriculture is the only means of employment. However, most of the rural people are engaged directly as well as indirectly in agricultural operation. But, agriculture in Haryana is basically a seasonal affair. It provides employment facilities to the rural people only in a particular season of the year. For example, during the sowing and harvesting period, people are fully employed and the period between the post- harvest and before the next sowing they remain unemployed. It has adversely affected their standard of living. ► Fragmentation of Land: In Haryana, due to the heavy pressure on land of large population results the fragmentation of land. people who depend on agriculture remain unemployed. This has an adverse effect on the employment situation. It also leads to the poverty of villagers. ► Backward Method of Agriculture: The method of agriculture in India is very backward. Till now, the rural farmers followed the old farming methods. As a result, the farmer cannot feed properly many people by the produce of his farm and he is unable to provide his children with proper education or to engage them in any profession. It leads to unemployment problem. ► Decline of Cottage Industries: In rural India, village or cottage industries are the only mans of employment particularly of the landless people. They depend directly on various cottage industries for their livelihood. But, now-a-days, these are adversely affected by the industrialization process. Actually, it is found that they cannot compete with modern factories in matter or production. As a result of which the village industries suffer a serious loss and gradually closing down. Owing to this, the people who work in there remain unemployed and unable to maintain their livelihood. ► Defective education: The day-to-day education is very defective and is confirmed within the class room only. Its main aim is to acquire certificated only. The present educational system is not job oriented, it is degree oriented. It is defective on the ground that is more general then the vocational. Thus, the people who have getting general education are unable to do any work. They are to be called as good for nothing in the ground that they cannot have any job here, they can find the ways of self-employment. It leads to unemployment as well as underemployment. ► Lack of transport and communication: In India particularly in rural areas, there are no adequate facilities of transport and communication. Owing to this, the village people who are not engaged in agricultural work are remained unemployed. It is because they are unable to start any business for their livelihood and they are confined only within the limited boundary of the village. It is noted that the modern means of transport and communication are the only way to trade

among the villagers. ► Inadequate Employment Planning: The employment planning of the government is not adequate in comparison to population growth. In India near about two lakh people are added yearly to our existing population. But the employment opportunities did not increase according to the proportionate rate of population growth. As a consequence, a great difference is visible between the job opportunities and population growth. On the other hand it is a very difficult task on the part of the Government to provide adequate job facilities to all the people. Besides this, the government also does not take adequate step in this direction. The faulty employment planning of the Government expedites this problem to a great extent. As a result the problem of unemployment is increasing day by day. ► Rise in crime rate among youth: As youth is unable to get jobs, they tend to follow the deviance path and fall into the web of drugs, crime etc. and create imbalance in the society. ► Increase rate of unmarried youth: As youth is remaining out of unemployment this is leading to another social issue which is increasing ratio of unmarried people, especially males as they are finding it hard to find match for them as they lack employment and in such scenario they are moving to other states (especially poor) for marriages, which also leads to other problem of trafficking of young women from such states to states like Haryana.

To cater to the Educational and Vocational Guidance needs of the students & Job seekers the Vocational Guidance and Employment Counselling program is an integral part of the Employment Services of the Employment Department. At present Employment Department is having 21 Vocational Guidance Units at District level and 3 Universities Employment Information and Guidance Bureau at Kurukshetra, Rohtak and Hissar, to provide Educational and Vocational Guidance to the youth. Objective: The main objective of the Vocational Guidance and Employment Counselling program is to render continuous assistance to individual in

• Guide the students as per their needs about the educational and vocational courses. • Disseminate the information for jobs and training facilities available for them. • Assist them in making judicious choice of their careers in accordance with their qualifications. Occupational information Room: In each employment exchange with vocational guidance units and Universities Employment Information and guidance Bureau where information pertaining to educational training facilities, job opportunities, and employment trends etc. is displayed in the form of Posters, Charts, Prospectus, etc.

Haryana skill development mission (HSDM) has been established in May2015 by state government with an aim to empower youth to take part in the economic and all around growth of Haryana and India. The mission is a single point of contact within the government to formulate and steer skill development schemes across the department. HSDM acts as an integrated mission which combines the efforts of various state departments in achieving the skill development targets of the state. The missions have 80 plus courses, which covers 15 plus different sectors available for the youth of Haryana in schemes like SURYA, SAKSHAM, and PMKVY etc. The mission also has entrepreneurship scheme which is currently being implemented through HVSU. Equipped with a team of professionals and cutting edge training partners, each program is implanted with the vision of developing futuristic knowledge, skills and hence gaining the employment of becoming a successful entrepreneur.

• SKILL SCHEMES: • PMKVY • SURYA • SAKSHAM

• SEEKHO-SIKHAO

Understanding the employment challenges persisting of a state like Haryana is important. Main problem challenged the employment in Haryana are present economic crisis, gap between the curriculum and industry requirement and increasing labor force. In spite of the increase in employment introduced many schemes. Many of those schemes are really beneficial but it creates more of mixed of unskilled labor force, rather than creating surplus skilled labor force. So, much more to do, government should focus more on how to bridge the gap between the curriculum and industry requirement. On possible solution to this question is to organize the meeting between industry and educational institute, so that curriculum designed according to the need of the industry addition to the basics. The major solutions for handling the social crisis related to the unemployment need to be implemented with determination. As unemployment has led to various social problems like crime, drugs, alcoholism, and high ratio of unmarried male members in society (especially in rural areas). Therefore, government need to work with the social groups as well to aware the youth about various skill related programs running by government agencies and various NGOs and create a working and prosperous state, due to the rising labor force and jobless growth results into the net unemployment. The unemployment has many side effects major it retards the state‟s growth and not good for the economy.

1. Department of Employment Government of Haryana 2. Haryana Skill Development Mission 3. Data.gov.in 4. prharyana.gov.in 5. unemployment and main problems in society(Dr. Ashwani Kumar, NIILM University, Haryana) 6. Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy (CMIE). Basic statistics related to the Indian economy 7. India, Office of the Registrar General, Sample registration system. Annual Reports for various years. New Delhi. 8. Crisis of Masculinity in Haryana: The Unmarried, the Unemployed and the Aged. Prem Chaudhary, Economic and Political 9. Ramesh Singh, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications 10. Papola T.S., Indian Economy “The question on unemployment”.

M.A Sociology, UGC/Net, MDU, Rohtak, Haryana dahiyasumit846@gmail.com