Comparative Study of Self-Concept between Ancient and Modern Martial Art Players

INTRODUCTION

‗Martial Art‘ is a common type of fighting skills. The origin of these fighting skills is believed to be from China, Japan and Korea. There are different types of martial arts, which are grouped into various types because of their different style and system. Mainly, there are two types of martial arts prevailing, i.e., percussive and non-percussive. Karate-do represents a method of unarmed self- defense based on the rational use of all body parts i.e. (feet and hand). Over the year there has been a remarkable spread and observable increase in karate-do participation especially in Europe. The goal of real Karate-do should be to kill one‘s ego and bring peace to society and the development of the mind is just as important as the development of the body. Kerala's unique mythoi-historical heritage Kalaripayattu is a traditional psycho-physiological discipline which is based on scientific training. Kalaripayattu is said to be the father of all modern martial arts such as Kung-Fu, Karate-do, Judo, Kick-Boxing, Tai-Chi etc. In the Northern tradition emphasis is given to the whole body exercises to combat with weapons and finally the combat without any weapon. An ethnic Indian Martial Art, Kalari-Payat (Kalaripayattu) known as Battle ground. The meaning of word Kalari is gymnasium and Payatt means method or art. According to original studies there is physical connection in their technique and form. Kalaripayattu is still in demand and flourishing in India. Kerala is said to be the ‗Motherland‘ of Kalaripayattu and 'Mother Art' for both Tibetan and Han Chinese 'Kung-Fu' martial art. Ancient Martial Art: Kalarippayattu is considered as the most-traditional system which prevailed and practiced till date for self-defense and as a martial art technique. Modern Martial Art: Judo and Karate-do has been considered as modern form of martial arts. Purpose of the study: The aim of the study was to compare ‗Self-Concept‘ of Modern Martial Art Players (Junior Karate Players), and Ancient Martial Arts Players (Junior Kalaripayattu Participants). Hypothesis: There will be no difference between the self-concept of Modern and Ancient martial art players. (H0=H1)

Interpretation of the Data: In this study an independent-samples t-test was applied to compare Self Concept of the players practicing Ancient Marital art (N=100) ‗Kallaripattu‘ (M=181.93, SD=17.11) compare to participants practicing in Modern Martial Arts (N=100) ‗Judo-Karate-do‘ (M=181.41, SD=18.39) demonstrated significant difference in Self Concept scores, t (99) = 0.9403, p=0.2048. Table represents that significant difference was found in Self Concept among Ancient Martial Arts and Modern Martial Arts Players. Ancient Martial Arts players have better Self Concept than Modern Martial Arts Players. It might be appearing due the events are not identical in nature.

Martial Art Players

significant difference in self-concept was observed between Ancient Martial Arts and Modern Martial Arts Players. Hence, Null Hypothesis taken has been rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted and concluded that Ancient Martial Arts Players and Modern Martial Arts Players are not identical in terms of self-concept.

1) Shrivastava Yuwraj (2015). ‗Comparison of psychological characteristics leadership behavior Boys and girls national taekwondo players.‘ International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health 2015;2(1): 245-247 P-ISSN: 2394-1685 E-ISSN: 2394-1693 Impact Factor (ISRA): 4.69 IJPESH 2015; 2(1): 245-247 © 2015 IJPESH www.kheljournal.com Received: 21-08-2015 Accepted: 22-09-2015 2) Sunil Kumar & Chandan Paramanik (2016). ‗A comparative study of self-concept in male and female international kho-kho players of 12th south Asian games.‘ International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research, ISSN: 2455-4588; Impact Factor: RJIF5.12.www.new researchjournal.com/multieducation; Volume 1; Issue 3; May 2016; Page No. 40-42 3) Montassar Tabben, Anis Chaouachi, Mohamed Hedi Mahfoudhi, Asma Aloui, Hamdi Habacha, Claire Tourny & Emerson Franchini (2017); Physical and physiological characteristics of high-level combat sport athletes. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268193181_Physical_and_physiological_characteristics_of_high-level_combat_sport_athletes [accessed Jul 16, 2017]. 4) Allahkaram Pouladei Reishehrei, Akbar pouladei Reishehrei & Ebrahim soleimani (2014). ‗‗A Comparison study of Self-concept and Self efficacy in Martial arts and non-Martial arts Athletics in Iran‘‘. Social and Behavioral Sciences 116; pg no. 5025 – 5029. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1067 5) Ali Hajiani & Ali Pooladi Ryshehry (2013). Comparative of the Rate of Self-Confidence and Self-Efficacy in Martial Arts Athletics and No Martial Arts of Bushehr Journal of Life Science and

6) Hidenaka Wakayamam (2001). ―The relations between Psychological characteristics, physical fitness and Physiology in Judo Athletes.‖ Research Journal of Budo, vol-33, no-3, P-1-11. 7) Cezar Macarie and Ron Robert ―Martial art and Mental health‖, 2001: 8) Peter Lewis, ―Martial arts made easy‖, Singapore: Firefly Books, 2009. 9) Kishore Naval, ―How to Play Karate‖, Delhi: Prerna Prakashan, 2013

1) http://www.mardb.com/the-kalaripayattu 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/martial_art 3) http://hdl.handle.net/10603/5392 4) http://www.ijmess.org/_customer/newdetails ?id=203&year=2016

Assistant Professor & Scholar, Department of Physical Education, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Rajasthan