The Effects of Globalization on India

1. INTRODUCTION

The emergence of globalization and de-territorialization of social, cultural, economic and political life, have weakenened the notion of society merely in domestic terms. But with the increasing popularity globalization has become a global topic for the scholars of the world. It draws contradictory views of the scholars around the globe. Basically it has three categories divided one come from the rich industrial north and second comes from the underdeveloped south. And the third category the developing third world says the problem lies in the proper management of the notion of globalization. The first view which comes from the north, these rich north industrial countries regarded as enthusiasts look at globalization as appositive concept which is helping in creating humanity with boderless human existence with the traditional states living in isolation melting away and fast growing interconnectedness. They support the idea of globalization. On contrary the underdeveloped nations regard it as a threat and call it new imperialism as according to them it is benefitting only the developed nations. And the third category says that the problem lies in the proper handling of the concept. Thus we can say that Globalization is a very important factor in ambitious world that integrate and merge the cultural values of people at the global platform. In the age of rapid technical advancement, many countries are getting boost in their developmental process and are able to transform due to the process of globalization. In broad sense, the term 'globalization' means combination of World economies, Countries or Societies through cross country flows of information, people ideas, capital, goods, services, and finance. Globalization is described by theorists as the process

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, industries, and governments of different nations, a process which is navigated by international trade and investment and information technology. This notion has many impacts on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization clearly specifies that the world today is more interconnected than it was before. Globalization in its basic sense refers to the promotion of open trading markets for the world. There is a lot of increase in the volume of money movement, it has increased the volumes of trade, changes in the field of information technology and communication .There is a remarkable growth in the movement of people from one country to another for trade and work purposes. And these increases in the movement of goods, labor, and services have reduced the national barriers and restrictions that are applied by the nation states.

• There is an Global market for consumers and for the industries of the world that there are a wider range of products to choose from. • Increase in flow of investments from developed countries to developing

• There is great development in the flow of information between the nation states and greater cultural interaction has helped to overcome their cultural barriers. • Technological development has resulted in reverse brain drain in developing countries. • India gained highly from the LPG model as its GDP increased to 9.7% in 2007-2008. In respect of market capitalization, India ranks fourth in the world.

The out posting has caused in the loss of jobs in developing nations • There are more chances of spread of communicable diseases to the nations across the globe. • There are more chances of Multinational Corporation‘s exertion of immense power control over the nations of the globe. For smaller developing nations can indirectly lead to a form of colonization. • Exploitation of labour by assigning low wages to the workers. • Global recession has impacted the Indian economy which is the root cause of loss of jobs in IT Sector. To quote, Swami Vivekananda, who foresaw the hazards of globalization and impact of MNC culture in India as early as in 1893 when he spoke at the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago? Here are the golden verses for you, ―Shall India die? Then, from the world all spirituality will be extinct, all sweet-souled sympathy for religion will be extinct, all ideality will be extinct ; and in its place will reign the duality of lust and luxury as the male and female deities, with money as its priest, fraud, force, and competition its ceremonies, and human soul its sacrifice. Such a thing can never be. Precisely such a terrible thing is taking place in India today on account of the inexorable and immutable process of Globalization".

With the progress of globalization, there is an access to television increased from 20% of the urban population (1991) to 90% of the urban population (2009). Even in the rural areas television and other internet related facilities are reaching and are having food chain i.e restaurants serving the food which is available across the globe and people are now enjoying the taste of all the nations in the country itself. Multiplex movie halls, malls and high residential apartments are seen in every cities. Entertainment sector in India now days has a global market and have become popular across the globe. After economic liberalization, Bollywood has expanded its area or market and has showed a major existence at the global stage.

With the introduction of free flow of goods, services and with the introduction of information and technology it has brought greater exposure to the market and has broadened our mindsets and attitudes, reduced susceptibility about nations ,individuals, and communities across the world. The advent of Information Communication Technologies countries have began to form greater awareness of themselves and the other countries and cultures and traditions of the world. We cannot deny the fact that it also has also some effects on the old cultural values with the focus now has changed from values consumerism and success.

There are huge effects have been observed on the education sector with the introduction of globalization the number of illiteracy has reduced and the literacy rate become high and Foreign Universities are coming and collaborating with different Indian Universities across the country.. The Indian educational system has observed a positive boost in the education sector regardless of the faces challenges of globalization through Information technology and because it has introduced various opportunities and have opened new paradigms shifts in developing education system in India. Globalization promotes new tools, techniques and methods such as E-learning, Distance Education Programs and overseas admission has become very easy. It has also reduced the gap of Formal and informal learning practices. It can be noticed that in current Indian community that with the introduction of globalization, women have gained lot of carrer opportunities and are getting various job options. Their empowerment has got notable opportunities and it has managed to improve employment conditions through global solidarity and co-ordination. It is found that the growth of computer and other technologies it is providing women with better wage balance, flexible timings, and capacity to balance their role and status in home and at corporate level. social as well as trade system. The development was taking place previously also but globalization has given a new pace to the process which was relatively very slow. Today with the introduction of the information technology and new methods of communication have made the world a very small and connected. Globalization has resulted in increase in the production of goods and services .It has positive effects and India will reduce the obstacles and can adopt global policies to expand business at the international level. India is also receiving a positive impact and is gaining international recognition and strengthening in economic, cultural, social and political areas. For ages India preached ideals of Vasudhaiva Kutumbkam (the world is one family) and Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah (may all be prosperous and happy), has been the Indian model of globalization Last year, India marked the silver jubilee of this journey which can be explained by concepts like Marshall McLuhan‘s ‗Global Village‘ and Kenichi Ohmae‘s ‗The Borderless World. When we look at the impact of globalization we get to know that it has impacted different nations differently. The impact can be slow or fast, small or big but no one can deny the fact that it has brought a lot of changes in different nations differently. The impact of globalization has divided scholars across the world into two main categories its supporters and critics. While Marxists criticize it for enlarging capitalism on a global level, Islamic and Asian societies sometimes interpret globalization as an attempt to impose Western values on the nations and that it is a new kind of colonialism and is impacting the values of the nations. Philosopher, like Immanuel Wallerstein blames globalization for the poverty in Africa or wars in the Balkans. He sees globalization as a ramification of capitalists‘ quest for markets and acumen of capital. According to Jagdish Bhagwati, globalization has brought an unprecedented level of growth in poor countries. But we can say that Globalization is also responsible for introduction of practices like surrogacy and on other hand it has increased the cases of human trafficking in the world. What we also need is greater administrative decentralization and adequate empowerment of city administrators. Economic changes will automatically bring social changes in a society. The advent of globalization has led to a more connected and integrated world and many new emerging smaller communities that are in turn connected to many others. With information and communication technology, People have developed a global mind set. the world is on India. This reality needs to change to favor Indian needs at the global level. India need to look after all the negative consequences and try to bring changes that can benefit India as a nation. We must try and create a type of globalization that not only makes the rich richer but also help the poor to enrich their lives. That, then, will be the true benefit of globalization.

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Department of Political Science, M.D. University, Rohtak