Power Generation Estimation of Non-Woody and Coal-Biomass Mixed Briquettes

1. INTRODUCTION

Sustainable development is essential in developing countries like India and economic development demands energy for every section of the Indian wealth – industry, farming, convey, domestic and commercial which makes it significant for any developing country. Rapid decrease of fossil fuels due to the ever increasing consumption of known reserves is a serious issue in the country as it made the country excessively reliant on fuels like gas, coal and oil. Concerns have been raised about the energy supplies needed to sustain our economic growth because of potential shortages due to rising prices of gas and oil. Environmental problems have also been linked to excessive use of fossil fuels on local and global levels. Evaluating the goodness offered, Biomass has been considered an evergreen source of energy for the country as both, thermal energy and reduction for oxides are taken care of by it. Its renewability, wide availability, carbon-neutrality and the potential to generate employment in rural areas makes it even more desirable. It provides firm energy and approximately 32% of country‘s overall primary energy consumption continues to be extracted from biomass. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has initiated a number of initiatives for promoting judicious techniques to use it in several economic sectors to ascertain utmost extraction of its benefits.

Raju et al. [2014] This work has proximate analyzed different components, such as wood, leaf and nascent branch and energy content of different components of paddy husk hypogeal. Medical wastes from hospitals and items that can be recycled are generally excluded from MSW used to generate electricity. These biomass components were separately mixed with coal dust and MSW in different-different ratio and also their proximate analysis was done and their energy values were determined to find out the best suitable mixture for power generation. the impact of burning different biomass fuels on useful output energy from the combustor. The test results of moisture content, calorific value and combustion products of various biomass samples were presented. Results from this study were in general agreement with published data as far as the calorific values and moisture contents are concerned. G.M. Joselin Herbert et al. [2016] Due to Literature survey the world needs an enormous amount of energy to maintain the future economic developments. India has facile ways to overcome the immediate demand on energy supply by renewable energy resources. It has a huge potential of biomass resources to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and to produce electrical and heat energy. The biomass energy can contribute to social and economic development. It has been identified as an alternative for the future energy demand in India. As part of furthering the development of biomass technology, it is essential to understand the environmental merits and demerits of biomass. It also aimed to increase the use of biomass energy for domestic purposes.

In the present thesis work, two different types of non-woody biomass species Cassia Tora and Gulmohar were procured from the local area. These biomass species were cut into different pieces and their different component like leaf, nascent branch and main branch were separated from each other. These contents biomass materials were air-dried in cross ventilator room for around 20 days. When the moisture contains of these air-dried biomass sample came in equilibrium with that of the air, they were crushed in mortar and pestle into powder of 72 mesh size

3.1 Proximate Analysis Proximate Analysis consist of moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents determination of proximate analysis were carried out on samples ground to 72 mesh size by standard method. The details of these analysis are as follows; 3.1.1 Determination of Moisture

ELECTRONIC BALANCE

HOT AIR OVEN HOT

AIR OVEN (105 C)

One gm. (1 gm.) of air dried 72 mesh size powder of the above said materials was taken in borosil glass disc and heated at a temperature of 105°C ± 5°C for 60 Minutes in air oven. The discs were then taken out from the oven weight of materials was done.

ELECTRONIC BALANCE

MUFFLE FURNACE

One gm. (1 gm.) of 72 mesh size (air dried) was taken in a shallow silica disc and kept in a muffle furnace maintained at the temperature of 775°C ± 5°C. The materials were heated at this temperature for 60 Minutes or till complete burning. The weight of the residue was taken in an electronic balance.The percentage weight of residue. Give the ash contained in the sample.

One gm. (1 gm.) of -72 mess size (air dried) powder of the above said materials was taken in a volatile matter crucible (cylindrical in shape and made of silica). The crucible is covered from top with the help of silica lid. The crucible were placed in a muffle furnace, maintained at the temperature of 925°C ± 5°C and kept there for 7 minute. The volatile matter crucibles were then taken out from the furnace and cooled in air. The devitalized samples were weighted in an electronics balance and the percentage loss in weight in each of the sample was calculated. The percentage volatile matter in the sample was determined by using the following formula

3.1.4 Determination of Fixed Carbon The fixed carbons in the sample were determined by using the following formula.

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND CALORIFIC VALUE OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF NON-WOODY BIOMASS SPECIES AND COAL

Energy Calculation: On even dried basis, total energy from one hectare of land

= (96160+28490+37989.5) ×103

= 162639.5 ×103 kcal It is assumed that conversion efficiency of wood fuelled thermal generators = 26 % and mechanical efficiency of the power plant = 85 %.

Conversion efficiency of thermal power plant

=162639.5 ×103 × 0.26

= 42286.27× 103

= 42286.27×103 ×4.186÷ 3600

= 49169.54 kWh Power generation at 85 % mechanical efficiency

= 49169.54 ×0.85

= 41794.11 kWh/ha Land required supplying electricity for entire year

=73×105/ 49794.11

Energy Calculation: On even dried basis, total energy from one hectare of land

= (18425+6129+9275) ×103

= 33829 ×103 kcal It is assumed that conversion efficiency of wood fuelled thermal generators = 26 % and mechanical efficiency of the power plant = 85 %. Energy value of the total functional biomass obtained from one hectare of land at 26% Conversion efficiency of thermal power plant

= 32575.5 ×103 × 0.26

= 8795.54×103 kcal

= 8795.54×103 ×4.186÷ 3600

= 10227.26 kWh = 8693.18 kWh/ha Land required supplying electricity for entire year

=73×105/ 8693.18

In the present work two non-woody biomass species Gulmohar and Cassia Tora were selected. Experiments to determine the proximate analysis, calorific values and ash fusion temperature was done on each of the components of the selected species such as main wood; leaf and nascent branch were performed. Estimation was done to analyze how much power can be generated in one hectare of land from each of these species. 1. Amongst the both biomass species Gulmohar has the highest energy value compared to Cassia Tora. 2. Amongst the four different ratios, C:B 60:40 gives the highest energy value compared to 90:10, 80:20, 70:30. 3. Energy values of coal mixed Gulmohar biomass component were found to be little bit higher than that of coal mixed Cassia Tora biomass component. 4. Calculation results have established that nearly 175 and 840 hectares of land would be required for continuous generation of 49794.11kWh per hectares from Gulmohar and 8693.18 kWh per hectares from Cassia Tora biomass species.

1. Angelis-Dimakis A., Biberacher M. and Dominguez J. (2011). Methods and tools to evaluate the availability of renewable energy sources, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15: pp. 1182-1200 2. Boudri J.C., Hordijk L., Kroeze C. and Amann M. (2002). The potential contribution of renewable energy in air pollution abatement in China and India, Energy Policy, 30: pp. 409–424

Research Scholar, Punjab College of Engineering & Technology, Lalru Mandi