Marketing Surplus, Marketed Surplus and Net Returns of Selected Vegetables in Haryana: a case study of Selected Districts

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture has been and will continue to be a prime moving force for the Indian economy. India is the second largest populated country in the world and will overtake China‘s population by 2030 as predicted in the report of Food and Agricultural Organisations of United Nations (FAO). Therefore, due to the speedy increase of population the long-term economic development of India heavily depends on the agriculture sector not only for the food and employment opportunities to the masses but also for the overall development of the country as this sector also provide raw material to a large extent to the industries such as jute, cotton, sugar, rice, handloom spinning etc. Horticulture sector has a strong potential to enhance the returns to land, labour and capital and besides that these crops are labour intensive and are assumed to be more beneficial to the small farmers who have higher endowment of family labour in relation to land. These high value crops generally refer to non-staple horticulture crops and gave higher returns than the traditional crops (Mahendra and Mathur, 2008). Horticulture is a sub-sector of agricultural sciences which encompasses the study of wide varieties of crops. The horticulture crops include fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants. For promoting the holistic growth of horticulture sector National Horticulture Mission was launched in April 2005 as a centrally sponsored scheme. Vegetables come next to the consumption of cereals for sources of carbohydrate. A strong vegetable sector in developing country like India leads to higher economic growth. Production of vegetables enhances employment as compared to cereals. India is among the foremost producers of fruits and vegetables and globally stands on the second position after China. The world production of fresh vegetables in 2014 was 1169.45 million tonnes, which was 837.49 million tonnes in 2002, and increased with the growth rate of 2.82 per cent annually. In Haryana, the area under horticultural crops has enlarged from 247.07 thousand hectares in 2004-05 to 439.61thousand hectares in 2014-15. The production has risen from 3314.13 thousand tonnes in 2004-05 to 6139.50thousand tonnes in 2014-15 i.e. almost double in ten years. Haryana is among the important vegetable growers of India as the state accounted around 3.16 per cent share in the total vegetable production of India during 2014-15. The seasonal nature of vegetable is a matter of concern as due to many biotic and abiotic factors vegetables is another matter of concern. Besides, continuous efforts towards the interest of farmers and encouraging them for higher production we are lacking behind on that aspect. So, it is important to ensure the vegetable growers to get a reasonable price for their products. This is possible only with the help of proper and efficient marketing system. As the present study, focuses on analysing factors affecting vegetable marketed and marketing surplus in selected districts of Haryana.

To find out Marketable Surplus, Marketed Surplus and Yield of Onion, Potato and Tomato in Selected Districts of Haryana. Research Methodology: the present research work is based on primary data collected with the help of a well-structured schedule from four districts of Haryana. Selection of districts and block was made on the basis of highest area under selected crops (Horticulture abstract 2014-15). Selection of the village was on the basis of highest number of vegetable farmers in the village. A sum of 480 farmers was interviewed. Simple statistical techniques have been used in the study.

This table 1.1 gives information about area, production, yield (per acre), marketable surplus and marketed surplus of onion crop in selected districts i.e. Ambala, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar. In Kurukshetra districts highest area covered by onion i.e. (102.51 acre) followed by Yamunanagar (98.76 acre), Ambala (71.35 acre) and Karnal i.e. 64.92 acre respectively. In respect of total production of onion Kurukshetra districts have highest total production i.e. 17581.49 quintal followed by Yamunanagar i.e. 16732.91 quintal. In case of per acre productivity i.e. yield, highest yield is observed and 93.01 percent respectively and lowest in Yamunanagar i.e. 89.32 percent losses are record in Yamunanagar i.e. (0.76 percent) which is highest and 0.69 percent in Kurukshetra which is lowest. The proportion of payment in land is highest in total consumption through out selected district. The total marketed surplus i.e. total actual output sold out of total production is highest in Kurukshetra i.e.16231.09 quintal out of 17581.49 quintal i.e. 92.31 percent and it is 92.2 percent in Karnal district and lowest i.e. 14817.49 quintal out of 16732.91 quintal that constitute 88.55 percent of total production.

Above table 1.2 explains about the area, production, productivity, marketable surplus and marketed surplus of Potato crop in selected districts i.e. Ambala, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar. The highest area sown under Potato crops records highest in Yamunanagar i.e. 107.93 acre and production also records highest i.e. 22238.97 quintal and followed by 83.43 acre and 13384.67 quintal production in Kurukshetra district. The minimum area sown under potato records in Karnal district 51.07 acre and 8433.19 quintal production was observed. Yield per acre production is highest in Yamunanagar i.e. 206.04 quintal per acre and lowest in Kurukshetra i.e. 160.42 quintal per acre. The total consumption of potato was highest in Kurukshetra i.e. 1555.23 quintal out of 13384.67 quintal i.e. (11.62 percent) and followed by 9.97 percent in Ambala districts. The quintal kept for seed was the major perportion i.e. 1614.54 quintal in Yamunanagar and followed by 1199.27 quintal i.e. in Kurukshetra on an average 10 percent of total consumption is kept for seed Marketable surplus was observe highest in Yamunanagar i.e. 20097.32 quintal out of 22238.97 quintal total production i.e. (90.37 percent) and followed by Kurukshetra i.e. 87.90 percent Marketed surplus also highest in Yamuna nagar i.e.

Table 1.3 highlights about area, production, productivity, marketable surplus and marketed surplus of Tomato crop in selected districts i.e. Ambala, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar. Yamunanagar districts have observe highest in area i.e. 112.38 acre production 26296.92 quintal as well as in productivity i.e. 234 quintal @ acre and followed Kurukshetra i.e. 93.84 acre in area, 17078.88 quintal production and 182 quintal productivity @ acre. Ambala districts is observe lowest i.e. 44.25 acre area 3985.67 quintal production and 90.07 quintal productivity @ acre as compared to other selected districts. The total consumption of tomato were highest in Yamunanagar i.e. 588.21 quintal out of 26296.92 quintal i.e. total production and followed by Kurukshetra district i.e. 325.88 out of 17078.88 quintal. The preparation of payment in kind was highest in total consumption i.e. 49.26 quintal in Yamunanagar and followed by 34.82 quintal in Kurukshetra. Marketable surplus was observed highest in Kurukshetra i.e. 16573 quintal (98.09 percent) out of 17078 quintal followed by Yamunanagar i.e. 25708.71 quintal (97.07) out of 26296.92 quintal. If we look at marketed surplus which was highest in Yamunanagar i.e. 24894.88 (94.66 percent) out of 25708.71 its means 3.09 percent were market losses that constituted transport, packing labour in Yamunanagar for Tomato crop, followed by Kurukshetra i.e. 16145.54 quintal (94.45 percent) out of 16753 quintal, its means losses are s3.64 percent which was highest in all selected districts during the time period of study.  In case of onion, market able surplus was highest in Karnal and Kurukshetra i.e. 93.05 percent and 93.01 percent respectively and lowest in Yamunanagar i.e. 89.32 percent.  Marketed surplus was also highest in Kurukshetra i.e. 92.31 percent followed by Karnal i.e. 92.2 percent and lowest in Yamunanagar i.e. 88.55 percent.  In case of potato, marketable surplus was highest in Yamunanagar i.e. 90.37 percent and followed by Karnal i.e. 90.34 percent. It was observed lowest in Kurukshetra district i.e. 88.38 percent.  Marketed surplus was also highest in Yamunanagar district i.e. 90.03 percent and lowest in Ambala i.e. 89.56 percent.  In Kurukshetra district, marketable surplus was highest in case of tomato crop i.e. 165.73 quintal (98.09 percent) out 17078 quintal and lowest in Karnal i.e. 95.57 percent.  Marketed surplus was observed highest in Yamunanagar district i.e. 94.66 percent followed by Kurukshetra i.e. 94.45 percent.

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Research Scholar, Department of Economics, MDU Rohtak