A Study of Behavioural and Emotional Problems in School Going Indian Adolescents

1. INTRODUCTION

Children and adolescents' emotional wellbeing is an integral part of their physical health and growth and is becoming more important in the world. In the present century, the socio-cultural, economic paradigm is fast changing owing to globalisation, and rapid advances in technology. Rising complexity has rendered life fast, dynamic and competitive in our social and economic growth. Today's children are not under the influence of this radical transition. Which has accelerated the burden on children to brace for the future and to keep pace with the demands of globalised culture. This has led to social and comportemental issues. The psychologists, psychologists and community still have a great deal to do with their behavioural and behaviour issues in classrooms. The behavioural issues of school children were thought to be in the way of the teaching and learning experience of children. In certain situations, these infant issues are not adequately detected or treated and the degree and ultimate effect of these problems on the child's growth is often serious. A school is often known to introduce a multiplicity of challenges into the classroom and this inhibits their desire to participate purposefully in the programme. Mental wellbeing and well-being are a condition for academic achievement and as such issues with mental health are an obstacle to children's learning. Child's abnormal behaviours such as misconduct, extreme crime, drug addiction, anti-social activities, suicide etc. also transform into titles for newspapers, magazines and lecture topics.

Ancient Indian Mental Health Concept: History is a screen that shines light on the present and shines the potential. Though it is said that Mental Health is a new concept, but in India the concept of Mental Health is not a new concept at all. The Vedas and other ancient scriptures include the definition of

of Indian Psychiatric Society in Bhubaneswar on 07 January 1999 that in ancient India during the pre-Christendom the majority of Western civilisation had been interpreted and recognised 'in different facets of mental wellbeing. The definition of mental health was discussed and found respectively in ancient Indian scriptures. The idea of mind was formulated according to them to be a functional aspect of Atman (the self-centered soul) consisting of three components – mental, essential and matter (mentality). As Rig Veda and Yajur Veda provide an understanding of mental health, they state that thinking determines facial appearance and influences the posture of the face, thinking may be cleansed from mantras, and cleansed thoughts affect the instinctions. Describes the pace of mind, mentally happy methods of curiosity, mental happiness prayers and increasing medha methods (intelligence). The mind was designed as the inner flame of wisdom in Jajur Veda.

Mental health is a vital component of health, the WHO (2014) has mentioned in its factsheets. Health was described as a condition of full physical, mental and social well-being and not simply a lack of illness and infirmity by the World Health Organization in its constitution (WHO 1948). WHO reiterated in 1986 that 'health' is not the goal of life but an opportunity for daily life. Health is a positive philosophy that emphasises both societal, personal and physical capital." Health does not, however, only include the lack of illness, but includes: • A Healthy Body • Healthy Mind • A Healthy Work • Healthy social intercourse In the concept of health, the positive aspect of mental health is emphasised and there is no health without a mental health that affirm the old saying: "Sound mind in the good body, which means comprehensive approach to health." It can be seen from the above definition and discussion. Dr Brock Chisholm, the World Health Organisation's first Director General, sponsored the idea of a close relationship between emotional and physical health. "There can be no genuine physical wellbeing without emotional health" (WHO 2013) he famously said. Figure 1.1 illustrates the interdependence of mental and physical health:

DSM-V has described mental disorders as "Mental illness is a condition that represents a dysfunction in the social, biological and developmental mechanisms that underlie a person with comprehension or a control of emotions or behaviour. In psychological, educational, or other essential behaviours, mental illnesses are commonly linked to severe distression or impairment. No psychiatric illness is an expected or cultural reaction to a normal stressor or tragedy such as the death of a loved one. Socially deviant conduct (e.g., political, religious or sexual behaviour) and disputes which mostly exist between the person and community are not psychiatric illnesses unless the difference or dispute is due to a person's malfunction, as discussed above."

Sunbul and Guneri (2019) In a poor study of Turkish teenagers, an investigation examined the main function of self-concern and emotional control among attention and resilience. The guiding premise of this paper was to examine the model of resilience in the mediation of compassion and emotional problems with Turkish teenagers. The research included 752 teens (326 men and 426 women), who were between 14 and 19 years of age (M=15,82, SD=0,88). The study has proven that consciousness is a significant and optimistic interpreter of self-pity while forecasting difficulty in controlling emotions negatively and substantially. The predictors of resistance were self-compassion and problems in regulating emotions. The model also showed substantial circumlocutory pathways from consciousness to resilience (via self-compassion and emotional control challenges). The hypothesised model explained 21% of durability unpredictability. Sikand, Arshad, Beniwal, Chandra and Hiwale (2019) A research has been considered to be dissociative illness. The findings showed an important connection between the systemic-cognitive and the emotional warmth style (rs=0,398,P =0,01,) and the systematic-cognitive style (rs=0,256,P =0,05). There is a considerable equation for regression (F{1,58} =9,146. P <0,0004), and an R2 =0,136 for predicting a systemic-cognitive style dependent on parental perception of emotional warmth. Study findings on safe parenthood and its good impact on cognitive style and resilience. Koni, Moradi, Arahanga, Neha, Hayhurst, Boye, Cruwys, Hunter and Scarf (2019) have verified Promoting youth resilience: A modern collective identity serves those most in need. The approach towards healthy social identification ensures that communities give us sense of purpose and belonging, and that these identity systems have a significant beneficial effect on our health and well-being. The study's social identification strategy for teenagers focuses on the advantages of current party memberships. The effect of providing a new youth community on psychological stability was explored through the use of the sail-training procedure. We present two 71 studies that show the benefits of a new social identification, particularly for young people reporting the least resilience in the starting journey in terms of increasing psychological resilience. Morrison and Cosden (2019) Risks, resilience and adaptation to learning disabled individuals is studied. Results show that learner disabled people are more at risk from detrimental mental and family and social effects, associated with important stressors in families and schools and in the environment. Whilst the majority of people with learning disorders perform well in community, identifying risk and resilience factors linked to this peer relation makes it easier for people who have more serious challenges to adapt. Delaney (2018) The treatment of the caregivers has been explored: Evaluation of the impact and resilience of an 8 weeks self-compassionate pilot (MSC) training programme for nurses The nurses exposed to the pain of their caregivers is found to be in danger of sympathy. This pilot research investigated the impact of an eight-week Mindful Self-Compassion preparation procedure on the compassionate and resilient exhaustion of nurses. Sangeeta (2015) Studied the function of consciousness in developing resilience and emotional maturity and enhancing teenage academic adjustment. The research was carried out to examine the position played by conscientiousness-based interventions in developing teenage stability, emotional understanding and education. Students enrolled willingly in an eight-session consciousness-based curriculum were contrasted about the pre- and post-intervention conditions for endurance, emotional However, the participant's resilience degree was not affected. Chamberlain, Williams, Stantley, Mellor, Siegloff (2016) A comprehensive analysis is a prediction of durability for nursing students in their studies on dispositional attention and job status. The findings of this analysis are a sequence of independent retrospective samples, in which 240 students from 3 universities in Australia voluntarily reacted. The best predictors of durability were readiness awareness and acceptance. Tiredness and burnout were negatively associated with endurance. Jobs over 20 hours a week accounted for just 1% of the difference in resilience. It was a resilient community of caregivers who ranked themselves extremely dispositional, showing optimistic and ambitious expectations for a job in a lucrative post-graduate transfer programme. Pawar, Panda and Bobdey (2016) Examined behavioural health workout performance dependent on consciousness: an effect assessment report. Mental health focused on Vipassana, a secular, non-religious technique considered effective in a number of people in order to overcome tension, anxiety and depression. Research has shown that a growing proportion of the population has elevated stress levels. The thesis was carried out to evaluate the effect of a fitness exercise programme focused on consciousness on the stress levels and endurance in an industrial facility among school students. Mental fitness exercise is a supportive practise that improves staff's capacity to fight 43 stresses and maximise endurance. Perira, Batkham, Kellett and Saxon (2016) The importance of resilience and attention as factors linked to well-being for the professional and associated effective practise was investigated. Data included practitioners (n = 37) and the result data from their patient (n = 4980), as per a step-by-step service provision model. Analyzed benchmarking and multi-level simulation in order to identify clinicians more and less effective by the yoking of therapeutic variables and patient results. Based on patient depression (PHQ-9) outcome results, a therapeutic effect of 6.7% was reported. Efficient practitioners have considerably higher levels of awareness, endurance and attention than less successful practitioners.

No.1: To identify the behavioural problem of adolescents

No.3: To make a comparative study of the Behavioural and Emotional adjustment problems of Hindi Medium Vs English Medium students. No.4: To identify the selected Socio-environmental factors of adolescents.

4.1 Thebehavioural Problem of adolescents The researcher handed over the AISS questionnaire i.e. Adjustment Inventory of School Students to the adolescent boys and girls of different schools for collecting data by adopting the procedure given in the test manual. The raw scores were converted to grades with the help of the manual which are categorized in five category, such as A-Excellent, B-Good, C-Average, D-Unsatisfactory, E-Very unsatisfactory. The result thus found is presented in the table 1

The table shows that highest percentage is found in ‗E‘ category i.e. ‗very unsatisfactory‘ and percentage is 66 and the lowest percentage is found in category ‗A‘ (Excellent) i.e. 4.33 which is presented graphically with the help of bar graph which is shown in figure 2

(unsatisfactory) and percentage is 20. In category ‗C‘(Average) 28 adolescents are found and percentage is 9.33 followed by 14 adolescents in category ‗B‘(Good) and 13 adolescents in category ‗A‘ (Excellent) and their respective percentages are 4.66 and4.33. Since highest percentage is found in category ‗E‘ (very unsatisfactory) it is clear that adolescents face problem in behavioural adjustment area. 4.2 The emotional problem of adolescents Here also AISS questionnaire were distributed among 300 adolescent boys and girls studying in different English medium and Hindi medium school of NCR by adopting the same procedure given in the test manual. The result thus found by the researcher is presented in the following table 2.

From the figure in the table it is seen that the highest percentage is found in category ‗B‘(Good) i.e. 40 and the lowest percentage is found in category ‗A‘ (Excellent) i.e.6.60. The result is graphically presented with the help of following figure 3.

40 followed by 78 adolescents, scored in category ‗C‘ i.e. ‗average‘ and percentage is 26. Equal number of adolescents i.e. 41 have scored in category ‗D‘ (unsatisfactory) and category ‗E‘ (very unsatisfactory) and respective percentages are 13.60. The least number of adolescents i.e. 20 have scored in category ‗A‘ (Excellent) and percentage is 6.60. So, it is clear from the findings that adolescents have less problem in the emotional adjustment area.

The investigator has found from the table that 97 adolescents out of 150 English medium students have scored in category ‗E‘ (Very unsatisfactory) in the behavioural adjustment area whereas 88 adolescents from Hindi medium school out of 150 have scored in the same category percentages are 64.66 and 58.66 respectively. The lowest number of adolescents i.e. are found in category ‗A‘ (Excellent) from Hindi medium school i.e. 3 and percentage is 2, whereas only 2 adolescents from English medium school. Their respective percentages are 1.33 in table 3

In the emotional adjustment area 43 English medium students have scored in category ‗B‘ (good) and 68 Hindi medium students have scored in the same category ‗B‘ (good). The respective percentages are 28.66 and 45.33. Only 2 students from English medium school are found in category ‗A‘ (Excellent)whereas11studentsfromHindi medium schools are found in category ‗A‘ (Excellent). Their respective percentages are7.33and1.33 in table 4 The result reveals that in behavioural adjustment area, both English medium and Hindi medium students have scored in category ‗E‘ i.e. very unsatisfactory. It indicates that both English medium and Hindi medium students face problem in behavioural adjustment area. Although English medium students face more problem than Hindi medium students. In emotional adjustment area, Hindi medium students haveless problem than English medium students. Comparatively Hindi medium students are at a bette rposition than English medium students as shown in figure 4

4.4 Different Socio-Environmental Factors of Adolescents It is observed from the result that Hindi medium students face less problem whereas English medium students face more problem in this area. Although both English medium and Hindi medium students face problem in this particular adjustment area. The data regarding different Socio-environmental factors of the adolescents were collected. The questionnaires were distributed among 300 adolescents studying in different English and Hindi

From the above table it is observed that since out of 16 factors, the researcher has chosen only 6 factors, such as Self Esteem, Academic performance, Family discord, Addiction, Illness in adolescent and Relation with mother factors. Out of these factors only in factor 'Relation with mother', out of 300 adolescents, highest no of adolescents 136 have high profile Socio-environmental in this trait dimension or factor score and 164 adolescents have low profile Socio-environmental in factor 'Relation with mother'.

This research shows that teenagers have an issue with behavioural change. Because our culture is such that young people and their activities are not entirely welcomed, they often are not regarded as essential, or sometimes we do not appreciate them. They don't want to comply with societal laws. Also social life is not essential to them. To build a positive social outlook in young people we need to learn to understand them in order to create a healthy social life. To do so we need to recognise them from their perspective. This study shows that adolescents face less problem in this environment, which is emotionally healthy. Home and its relational climate shape a child's social and environmental setting. The emotional atmosphere in the home tends to make any participant comfortable. A happier emotional kid becomes a successful teenager. And a happy emotional youth has a balanced socio-environmental growth. Each family member should also strive to provide each child with a healthy emotional environment which in turn helps to develop into an emotionally secure teenager. The behavioural modification region of English as well as Hindi medium students is challenging, though their proportion differs slightly. The report also shows that medium Hindi students are more secure mentally than medium English students. The explanation for this is due to the guidance medium. The report shows that out of a total of 300 young people, 136 had 'adolescent illness.' Socio-environmental element 'Mother-Relationship' indicating the following characteristics: realistic, cautious, traditional and externally-regulated. It is extremely natural that an individual must be very cautious, realistic and his existence must be governed by realities in a competitive environment today. Because teens are the potential nation building, in every phase of their lives they must be very competitive and cautious.

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