Development of Norms of Specific Physical Fitness Test for Male Cricket Players

INTRODUCTION

Presently, In India the selection of players in cricket for state level and national level coaching camps and also for national and international competition are done on the basis of only one factor i.e. competitive performance. In fitness testing as we know there are many tests and test batteries are available so that any coach, players or trainers can assess the fitness or monitor his or her performance related to their games. Also the Author has tried to standardize the test and do research on variables which can directly affect the performance. The tests which are standardized or delimited are closely related to the game i.e. are functional to the game so that the population can draw out direct help using the test battery rather than through the study, it can be said that the profile of fitness has direct relation with the game. The present study has been conducted basically to construct a physical fitness test for cricketerřs performance and can be measured, assessed and evaluated properly. The purpose of the study was to development of norms specific physical fitness test for state level male cricket in performance due to climatic conditions, ground conditions, playerřs physical factors and psychological factors that might affect the study was considered as the limitation of this study.

Norms was constructed by collecting data on the test item of newly construct specific physical fitness test battery by using 250 state level male cricket players at from central zone. The age group of the subject ranged between 15 to 19 years.

The data on selected specific physical fitness test battery items was collected from the various stations of the central zone like Jaipur, Raipur, Bhopal, Nagpur, etc. The aim of the present study is to represent the various tests from the specific physical fitness battery so that they could have a clear conceptual picture of the various tests they are going to take part in. Before the testing programmed was organized, the research scholar assembled the entire male cricket player together to brief them on the nature, the modalities and the objectives of the present investigation and demonstrating the various test so they could have a clear mental picture of the various test they were going to take part. 250 subjects were selected for the construction of norms. The T-scale was used to prepare the norms for specific physical fitness test for male cricket players from central zone.

Norms have been prepared for the assessment of specific fitness of male cricket players from central zone. The data for the development of norms are collected from 500 male cricket players from central zone on the 10 test items of the specific physical fitness test battery. The norms are prepared by using the T- scale. T scale is located with five sigmařs below the mean and five sigmařs above the mean. The mean of the data is the 50th T-score will usually be found to a range between 15 and 85. The T- scale that one is very unlikely to find scores that cannot be placed on the scale. There are some other techniques for the development of norms like sigma scale and hull scale. In sigma scale the lowest score is zero and the highest sigma value is 100. In the hull scale the standard deviation distances three and half sigmařs either side of the mean. It goes beyond the somewhat narrow limits but does not leave the ends of the scales, so it is generally unused technique for the development of norms.

Table 02 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 36 or more and 0 points are awarded when he will score 4 or less.

Table 03 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 3.07 Meters or more and 0 points are awarded when he will score 1.87 Meters or less.

Table 04 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 72 or more and 0 points are awarded when he will score 38 or less.

Table 05 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 2.05 Seconds or less and 0 points are awarded when he will score 8.85 Second or more.

Table 06 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 3170 Meters or more and 0 points are awarded when he will score 1570 Meters or less.

Table 07 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 100 or more and 0 points are awarded when he will score 48 or less.

Table 08 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 25.30 Centimeters or more and 0 points are awarded when he will score 7.30 Centimeters or less.

Table 09 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score

Table 10 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 73.80 Meters or more and 0 points are awarded when he will score 41.10 Meters or less.

Table 11 clearly shows that 100 points are awarded to a subject when he will manage to score 116 or more and 0 points are awarded when he will score 72 or less.

A test battery of 10 test items developed by the scholar who has the ability to predict the specific physical fitness of specific fitness of male cricket players from central zone. 10 test items namely Pull ups (Arm-Strength), Standing Broad Jump (Explosive Strength of Legs), Bent Sit ups (Abdominal Strength), 30 Meter Dash (Speed), 12 min Run Walk Test (Endurance / Aerobic Capacity), Phosphate Recovery Test (Anaerobic Capacity), Bridge up Test (Flexibility), Dodging Run Test (Agility), Six Second Dash Test (Reaction Time Ability), Bass Stick Test (Balance & Coordination) indicated a highly significant relationship with the performance of cricket player. SPSS for Windowsŗ, London: SAGE Publications. Charles B. Corbin et. al. (2000). ŖConcept of Physical Fitnessŗ, United States: The McGraw- Hill Publishers. Kansal D.K. (1996). ŖTest and Measurement in Sports and Physical Educationŗ, D.V.S. Publication: New Delhi. Thani Vivek (1991). Skills and Rules of Cricket with Laws Delhi: Classic Paper Books. Chen-Husing Huang (1982). ŖA Factor Analysis of Physical Fitness Components for Seventh Grade Chinese Studentsŗ, Completed Research in Health, Physical Education and Recreation, xxiv. Dennis RJ, Finch CF, Farhart PJ (2005). Is bowling workload a risk factor for injury to Australian junior cricket fast bowlers? Br J Sports Med.; 39: pp. 834-46. Elliott B, Khangure M. (2000). Disk degeneration and fast bowling in cricket: an intervention study. Med Sci Sport Exerc.; 34(11): pp. 1714-18. Leary T, White J. (2000). Acute injury incidence in professional country club cricket players (1985-1995). Br J Sports Med.; 34: pp. 145-7. Mansingh A, Harper L, Headley S, King-Mowatt J, Mangsingh G (2006). Injuries in West Indies cricket 2003-2004. Br J Sports Med.; 40: pp. 119-23. Marshall RN, Ferdinands R. (2005). The biomechanics of the elbow in cricket bowling. Int Sports Med J.; 6(1): pp. 1-6. Orchard J, James T, Alcott E, Carter S, Farhart P. (2002). Injuries in Australian cricket at first class level 1995/1996 to 2000/2001. Br J Sports Med.; 36: pp. 270-5.

Research Scholar, School of Physical Education, Davi Ahilya University, Indore chandrabhan.panwar@gmail.com