Analysis of the Process of Improving Table Tennis Sports Game with Specific Interval Training

INTRODUCTION

Everywhere in the life of today, game problems are. The theory of games is widely used in finance, security, biology, economics, international relations, informatics, political science, military strategy and numerous other fields[1]. But little is known from the designer's point of view about mathematical theory. The theoretical aspects of the game that make games more attractive and sophisticated are interesting to know. The construction of the logistics model under Game Refinement (GR) theory [2] was carried out early work in this direction. The sports and chess games, as well as Mahjong, foot boarder or basketball games and other sports games was applied to board games and to sports games, including Tennis and Badminton[3]. Interval pauses to achieve total recovery are not used. Before the next load period, the player should not receive a total rest. Otherwise, the practice of intervals would not be fully effective. When it comes to interval training principles, which can be aerobic or anaerobic, related to energy consumption. Glucose and fatty acid combustion related to aerobic use with the use of oxygen. Anaerobic combustion is a planned way to generate oxygen debt energy. If a sportsman is more likely to develop energy based on oxygen debt, he or she is better prepared. Ping-Pong is a popular sport worldwide; over the years, it has undergone several improvements, making it the world's seventh largest sport[6]. How has table tennis today become such a popular and attractive sport game? Although a number of iterations of the game review appear to improve the game over the year, it is not consistent. How much does it improve (or worse) the game and how does it change? In this paper, we will use GR theory to compare the differences between table tennis data before and after, and to assess whether such improvements are conducive to table tennis development.

A. P. Sutiono (2014) Sports are the games we know best and have been practically everywhere and in all cultures. Many sports in modern times have a long history, with decades or even a millennium. Your score-limit observations have a comparable value of game refinement. No new sport is table tennis. It was many times improved. A mathematical model based on this model has been proposed in previous studies which concentrated on uncertainty about game performance and game information. The value of game optimization is derived from the game information progress model. His second derivative, acceleration, offers us an N. Nossal and H. Iida (2014) In this article, we will consider the application of GR theory to the rule changes of table tennis. The effect of rule change on GR value was also studied. In previous studies, it has been confirmed that several table tennis reforms from 1988 to the present are beneficial to the development of table tennis. X. Hu (2014) Originally from England, tennis table. Tennis was popular in Europe at the end of the 19th century, but due to weather and court restrictions, certain college students in England shifted tennis to the inner table, put the book as a table and the parchment on the table. In 1890, a number of British naval officers stationed in India stumbled on a small platform to play tennis. They later use solid rubber instead of an elastic solid ball and then turn into a hollow plass ball. This table is the source of the table tennis named for this novel 'tennis.' Table tennis became a popular sport soon after its appearance. No uniform rules on table tennis were in place at that time. In one game, there were 10, 50 and 100 points. The international table tennis association was founded in 1926 with the increasing popularity of table tennis. There are 21 points per set of rules. The table is 146.4mm wide, the net 17mm high and the ball soft. The first world championships for table tennis started. The table was narrower under the rules, the net was higher and the ball was softer than it is today. Table tennis was still in its early days at that time. These conditions make the game of table tennis defensive. F. Wei, F. Di and Z. Shouzhong (2010) Because table tennis was new, table tennis was very simple. Because the offensive approach is prone to errors, so each player has adopted a defensive approach. There have been many long matches under these circumstances. In the 10th world championships of table tennis, it took two hours and 20 minutes to fight for a point whereas seven and a half hours for the men singles match. Obviously, this situation is unfavorable for the development of table tennis. So the table tennis association improved its rules by widening the table (146.4mm - 152.5mm), reduces the height of the net (17mm to 15.25mm), and limits the time of the game. Long games were avoided. J. Q. Liu, B. Wang, X. Zhao and Y. Dou (2014) Table tennis technology is constantly developing through the development of science and technology. In the 1950s, Japan invented sponge rackets and used the technology to the full. The invention of the sponge racket has enhanced table tennis speed and rotation. Henceforth, the offensive style of game play is the mainstream and the pace is accelerated. Then a sponge racket format was developed by the international table tennis association. In 1986, a clear distinguishability between the front and the back of the racket, with black at the top and red at the bottom, was stipulated. The racket's diameter and Since the 21st century, the tennis table has undergone huge changes. In 2000, the ball's diameter from 38mm to 40mm changed. The drag increases and the speed and rotation decreases with the diameter of the ball increasing. This improves the game such as reducing player mistakes, enhancing the aggression of the game and increasing the excitement of the game. There is a significant increase in rounds per point and the competition and enjoyment is increased. In 2001 it was transformed from the 21-point system into an 11-point system that shortens the time of each game and increasing the number of games. The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) changed the international table tennis competition system from 21 points to 11 points on October 1, 2001. The 11-point system change and the implementation of increased competition results in randomness, reduce the grasp of the best players to win, so as to improve the appreciation of the game, and achieve the goal of the development of table tennis sports.

One coach throws the ball in the game, controlling the time on the stop-watch (because of the change of the exercises). It is best when the players do the interval training in group – 3 player per group. While one of them works, the other one who has finished does the stretching and rests, than joins the third in gathering the interval balls in the basket. It is necessary to provide great number of the balls – 400 balls minimum. • Purpose of specific interval training is development of the functional abilities of athlete‘s body to improve skills and all the motorical abilities important for table tennis and training. • Exercise – the exercises are connected with improvement in area of aerobic

• Duration – all intervals for improvement of the different ability are different in ways of timing, aims and intensity.

In the preparation phase of the European Championship the specific training in the period after the basic training took place with juniors and cadets, Yugoslavia's senior representation and India's senior male representation. The important improvements in the player's physical readiness, the strength of the game and consequently the quality of the game are evident after the recovery period (super compensation).

The pulse rate was measured to every player at the beginning and the end of an interval training. The intervals were recorded by the video-camera so that the intensity and the quality of work can be observed.

- Forehand topspin 2 backhand counter stroke or topspin - 4 min - 1 and 2 forehand topspin (out forehand middle) 3 backhand stroke – 3 min - 1 2 forehand topspin 3 4 backhand counter or topspin all from backhand - 3 min

- 1 backspin- backhand topspin 2 counter - forehand top spin - 4 min - 1 backspin- forehand topspin 2 counter – backhand counter or backspin - 3 min - 1 2 forehand topspin from forehand 3 4 backhand topspin or counter - 3 min

- 1 forehand flick (backspin) 2 forehand topspin - 4 min - 1 backhand flick 2 forehand topspin from backhand - 3 min - backspin and counter – backhand topspin - 3 min Number of intervals: 3 Pauses: for each player break is about 10 minutes Number of balls per minute: about 50 Intensity: low and middle Average values of the pulse rate at the beginning: about 98 – 105 – 110 bp/min Average values of the pulse rate at the beginning: about 144 – 156 – 168 bp/min

INTERVAL 1

- 1 2 forehand topspin from forehand - 5 min

- 1 2 forehand topspin from backhand - 5 min

- 1 (counter) backhand counter or topspin 2 forehand topspin from backhand 3 forehand topspin from forehand - 5 min topspin from backhand 3 forehand topspin from forehand - 5 min

- backspin – forehand topspin all table - 5 min

- 1 forehand flick (backspin) 2 forehand topspin from backhand - 5 min Number of intervals: 6 Pauses: about 5 minutes Number of balls per minute: about 65 - 67 Intensity: sub maximum about 70-80% from maximum Average values of the pulse rate at the beginning: from 105 – 110 - 120 Average values of the pulse rate at the end: about 175 – 180 – 185

- 1 2 forehand topspin from forehand - 2-3 min

- 1 2 forehand topspin from backhand - 2-3 min

- 1 (counter) backhand counter or topspin 2 forehand topspin from backhand 3 forehand topspin from forehand - 2-3 min

- counter throw all over the table without a plan – forehand topspin - 2-3 min

- counter throw all over the table without a plan – forehand and backhand stroke- 2-3 min Number of intervals: 8 - 10 interval, short rest, interval time about 1 – 1.15 min Intensity: maximum Average values of the pulse rate at the beginning: 100 - 110- 115 Average values of the pulse rate at the end: 168 – 175 – 180 – 185

This aspect is only a logical sequence of work with the development of a player's physical availability for this special interval training. It is a logical route from the basic preparation to the specific training until the ultimate is so specialized that the competition is structured and running until the competition begins. This training aspect can be applied to properly prepared players (the physical and technical readiness must be on a very high level). Because of the specific interval training should not neglect the classical "intervals" (various ball trainings) to increase stroke strength and singular technically tactical elements.

In accordance to the above schedule it can be seen that the so-called "accordance" of the workouts is the best and most effective way to arrange workouts and intervals so as to make a co-compensation possible and to enable the player to develop the level of his readiness. Morning training is also in line with the above schedule, so that low intensity and longer duration control exercises are adjusted to the aerobic endurance afternoon training. The exercises with sub-maximum short duration intensity have been tailored to the afternoon anaerobic endurance training and the short maximum intensity exercises with pauses have been adapted to the afternoon speed training.

Although the diameter of the ball varies between 38mm and 40mm (2mm increase), many tests and televisions for such a change had been carried out. There was also a change of pace in the game, from the ball turn to the reaction of the audience.

in ball diameter reduced rotation and ball speed from the physical point of view of the game to make it easier for the players to take the ball. The fastest speed and stronger rotation of the ball increased the players' difficulty each round before increasing the diameter of the ball. As a result, only a two or three rounds of every point in the game and even at the beginning of service were scored. Changing the ball size increases the game's enjoyment considerably, which is also justified by the GR increase. This increases the round number and makes the game more exciting.

TABLE TENNIS RACKET

The content of table tennis has undergone major changes in the last few years with a number of ITTF rules reforms. The surface reform of the ping-pong racket is pushed backwards by a series of rule changes like the small ball turning into a big ball, the larger ball becoming a larger ball, implementing the open service, prohibiting organic glue and so forth. The use of the new 40mm ball reduces its speed and turning particularly significantly. The attack speed and the threat of the first three rounds of tennis are considerable reduced while enhancing the fun of table tennis. The surface of tennis racket also corresponds with the further improvement and improvement of better playing power with regard to the new rules and keeping the game fresh. The use of new materials and advanced production technology, therefore, has gradually improved the efficiency of the racket surface in terms of hitting effects and power and increased the physical properties of table tennis manufacturers. Butterfly VISCARIA is one of the leading table tennis rackets on the market, the internal structure of which is structured in a 7-layer design, which enhances the bounce speed of a table tennis ball and increases the threat of attack while guaranteeing stability.

The aim of this research is development of technical and tactical abilities in top condition as a complete part of table tennis training. The body of athletes is very specific to "consume" this particular interval training, or this type of practice can be dangerous for a sportsman, if not properly prepared (overtraining, injuries, and etc.). However, this aspect of training delivered good results in a short time, increasing the skills and form of the player. The regulations on table tennis have constantly been updated and improved since the birth of table tennis in order to satisfy the requirements of their environment. There are three improvements. The table tennis rules were improved on an ongoing basis. Secondly, there were also constant improvements in the performance of table tennis. Thirdly, competitive equipment development between challenges and skills, making table tennis one of the world's most famous sports. The GR value for table tennis is shown to be stable gradually when GR [0.07,0.08] is used for this study. The improvement of the rules on table tennis facilitates the creation of table tennis, making it more popular. This study only takes into account the impact on table tennis of certain changes to the rules. There are other rules changes and factors, including the duration of the match, the number of services per point for table tennis games, etc.

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Assistant Professor, Physical Education, Krishna Devi Girld Degree College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh