Biodiversical Characterization of Some Herbal Plants at Wasteland nearby Agra Region

INTRODUCTION

India is one of the significant biodiversity focal points of the earth and enriched closely 45,000 plant species. Away from these, almost 2500 species are defined in Ayurveda including around 10,000 conceptions. The floristic influence of North- Eastern area of India is almost 43% of the nation‘s whole vegetation. All our medication systems similar Ayurveda, Unani, Homoeopathy, and Tibetan system, aside from the folk custom, apply the plants effectively. To appreciate and assess the richness of biodiversity, a taxonomic evaluation of the flora and forests is very much essential. Floristic surveys are the only means by which we can achieve this goal. The taxonomy research is knowing as the pillar of the appraisal of Phyto-diversity conservancy conduct and sustainability utilisation (Jayanthi and Rajendran, 2013). Keeping in view the above problems in conserving biodiversity the present work has been under-taken in special reference to Agra, which is established in Uttar Pradesh and surrounding by states, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh with many types of soil via, alkali, ravenous, and fertile, soils, harboring a place of diversified plant species. The herbal plants species growing in these types of soils needed a detested study for their potential utility.

Biodiversity is continually transformed by a changing climate. Conditions change across the face of the globe at variable pace commanding to rehabilitation of biological associations. The carbon cycle and the water cycle, arguably the two most vital large-scale processes for life on Earth; depend on biodiversity at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and can yield feedbacks to climate change. India is no less impressed through this feedback mechanism of climate variation and had shown its cause and impact association in several studies. In this exclusive issue we present 25 papers contributed by ca 90 authors from India and elsewhere those dissert wide-ranging facet of biodiversity and climate change. These contributions are based on presentations made at the 2nd International Workshop on Biodiversity and Climate Change (BDCC-2018) held on 24–27-February 2018 at the

• For survey and identification of naturalized herbal plants at different four sites of the Agra region have selected (low human biotic pressure area), which is given below: - • Bharatpur site (West direction) • Dholpur site (North direction) • Hathras site (East direction) • Farah site (South direction) Figure 1: Map showing the study Area

(1) Shannon-Wiener‟s Index (1949) Where, H‘ = Index Value ni= Number of individuals of ith species N = Total number of individuals of all species

Table-2 According to Shannon Winner‘s Index, at Bharatpur site, Argemone maxicana (-0.1391) showed maximum diversity and Sida spinosa (-0.0195) showed minimum biodiversity (Table-2)

Table-3 According to Shannon Winner‘s Index, at Dholpur site, Argemone maxicana (-0.1273) showed maximum diversity and Sida Spinosa (-0.0291) showed minimum biodiversity (Table-3) site, Argemone maxicana (-0.1761) showed maximum diversity. Coccinia indica and (-0.0352) and Sida Spinosa (-0.0352) showed minimum biodiversity (Table-4)

Table- 5 According to Shannon Winner‘s Index, at Hathras site, Argemone maxicana (-0.1273) showed maximum diversity sida spinosa (0.0195) showed minimum biodiversity (Table-5)

According to our observation Argemone maxicana have maximum biodiversity at natural 04 sites and Sida Spinosa showed minimum biodiversity. Its shows in graph, which is given below: -

Argemone maxicana has maximum biodiversity, so we use this plant in treatments of human diseases in Ayurveda.

Plant species, which are used in traditional medicine, are enumerated alphabetically according to their binomial name, followed by plants at four different sites. (Figure 2)

The herbal plants of the study area have been used to treat 54 illnesses. Theailments such as scabies, eczema, leukoderma, skin tumours, skin inflammation, skin wounds, black dots, heel cracks, itching, boils, measles, rheumatic pain, stomach- ache, joint swelling, headache, joint pain, piles, liver disorders, fever, eye diseases, blood pressure, anemia, cancer, dandruff, hair falling etc. The 54 various ailments against which ethnomedicinal treatment have been recorded in the study area. Figure 3: The plants diversity of Bharatpur site

Figure 6: the plants diversity of Farah site

Behera, M. D., Behera, S. K., Sharma, S., (2019). Recent advances in biodiversity and climate change studies in India, Biodiversity and Conservation, 28: pp. 1943–1951

Research Scholar, Banasthali Vidyapith (Bioscience), Rajasthan