Comparative Study of Adjustment between Amateur Golfers and Caddie Turned Amatuer Golfers

INTRODUCTION

With civilization's progression, the universe changes over time very quickly. The theory of the universe gets more complex with each innovative thing and the resulting creation of new ideas. Men are forced to line up under the burden of changing the reality of experience in this century of anxiety in the context of intense industrialization. According to Shaffer, "Adjustment in the process by which an organism achieves a balance between its needs and the circumstances that affect the accomplishment of these needs." If we do not comply with the criteria of current and logical methods for the preparation, we will not succeed in the world map of sports and the importance of learning here emerges. Several features related to the achievement of excellence of skill and planning formation there. In the field of physical education and sport, psychological investigation is a benefit to the participants, trainers and physical education researchers have aimed to achieve higher standards of success in sports and games. Sports and games are becoming relevant day by day in human life. Physical balance and social wellbeing are linked to involvement in sporting events. The mental health

The endless efforts by various sports icons to adjust to the shifting condition and conditions under which they find themselves for the sake of their deserving results are the outstanding characteristic of world sports. Sports is an exceptional area in which psycho-physical abilities are put to the test in very difficult circumstances. Professional athletic activities evaluate the mind and the individual's body. The performance in sporting activities means the growth of physical characteristics and psychological characteristics. (In 1992, Khan and Mohanti) Performance in professional sports places strong psycho-physical pressures on the participants. To get a solid hold on the competitive scenario, they must be physically fit, professionally sound, and tactically trained. (Kamlesh, 1988) Nevertheless, their psychological vitality to the situation has been defined by many to be of paramount importance. It

maximum. If we speak about adjustment, that is, how good or poor it is in terms of success or achievement in sports, so we ought to consider a metric to assess the level of adjustment. The belief system has been supplied with those parameters. We must understand that other criteria are also used in other societies or in other centuries, and any of the existing markers of successful adaptation can conceivably become symptoms of psychological disease in future generations. Dillon (1986) supported a comparative study of the traits of personality, change and motivational component in physical activities of non-participant and active high school students. He revealed the following observations (i) the participants scored higher for extraversion than the non-participants, but the various participants struggled to achieve a meaningful amount. (ii) Participants scored slightly higher than non-participants in the neuroticism factor. (iii) In all areas of transition to education. Adjustment of scholarly matters. For school friends, school adjustment and administration. Teacher transition and self-adjustment, attendance rated dramatically more than non-participants. Stephanny FN. Freeman et al. (2000) stated that children do not receive adequate recognition scores at as high a level in regular classrooms as their usually emerging peers do. Integrated learners perform better than their equivalent separated students on tests of academic performance and social maturity by contrasting children with mental retardation in general education and special education classrooms. Raju MVR et al. (2007) indicated that school children's transition depends largely on school factors, such as the class they are learning in, the medium of teaching available in the school, and the form of school administration. Parental schooling and occupation of school children have also had significantly influenced adjustment.

200 male golf players who played in numerous Amateur golf tournaments were the topics. 200 male golf players from Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, and Punjab are part of this sample. In addition, they were split into two meetings composed of hundred (n = 100) amateur golf players and hundred (n = 100) amateur golf players. In Table 1, the meetings were added, and the subjective inspection technique was used to collect the required details. Until data assortment, everyone engaged in an aware assent structure.

Table 1. Details of selected Amateur Golfers and Caddie Turned Amateur Golfers.

Adjustment was measured by applying Adjustment Inventory (AICS) constructed by Sinha and Singh. It has 102 items to measure five dimensions of adjustment i.e., home, social, emotional, and educational. The questionnaire is suitable for the age group as selected for the study.

The data has been digitally evaluated using the SPSS tool statistical method, Version 20.0. To explain the dispersion of data, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis etc. have been measured. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the adjustment between the amateur golfers and caddy turned amateur golfers. The level of non-significance was taken as p>0.05. The overall findings were displayed both in tabular and graphical form.

Table 2 presents the dispersion of data Amateur golfers regarding various domains of adjustment. Majority of domains ranged from a minimum 2 to a maximum 13. Home had the least mean of 4.06 and SD of 1.13 followed by health (M- 4.85, SD- 1.13) and educational (M- 5.50, SD- 1.58). Social were found fairly skewed including adjustment total (0.305). Home had light tails distribution (-0.281). Social (0.846), Educational (0.109), and Adjustment total (0.059) had normal distribution whereas Health (1.578) and Emotional (1.697) had heavier tails or leptokurtic distribution.

Table 3 represents the distribution of data among caddie turned amateur golfers regarding various domains of adjustment. Home had the least mean of 3.99 and SD of 1.08 followed by health (M- 4.09, SD- 0.81) and emotional (M- 5.78, SD- 1.10). Social had higher mean (M- 6.27, SD- 0.90) followed by educational (M- 7.66, SD- 1.51). Adjustment total had the highest mean (M- 27.80, SD- 2.66). Home (0.068), Health (0.171), Social (-0.318), and Emotional (-0.236) were fairly skewed while Educational (-0.550) and Adjustment total (-0.782) were moderately skewed. Home had light tails distribution (-0.071). Social (0.021), Educational (0.026), and Emotional (0.257) had normal distribution whereas Health (0.953) was almost heavier tails distribution. Adjustment total (1.129) had heavier tails or leptokurtic distribution.

for caddie turned amateur golfers. Mean difference was 0.070. The p-value was found non-significant (t- -0.445, p- 0.657(p>0.05)). The mean score was 4.85 for amateur golfers and 4.09 for caddie turned amateur golfers in the domain health. The p-value was statistically significant (t- 5.888, p- 0.000(p<0.05)). In social domain, amateur golfers had attained a mean score of 7.19 and caddie turned amateur had a mean score of 6.27. Mean difference was 0.920. The p-value was found significant (t- 5.173, p- 0.000(p<0.05)). A mean score of 7.61 by amateur golfers and 5.78 by caddie turned amateur golfers was attained in emotional domain. The p-value was found significant (t- 10.228, p- 0.000(p<0.05)). In the domain education, the mean score was 5.50 for amateur golfers and 7.66 for caddie turned amateur golfers. Mean difference was -2.160. The p-value was found significant (t- -9.857, p- 0.000(p<0.05)). A mean score of 29.23 by amateur golfers and 27.80 by caddie turned amateur golfers was attained in adjustment total domain. The p-value was found significant (t- 3.394, p- 0.001(p<0.05)).

Figure 1 illustrates the mean distribution of domains of adjustment among golfers. In home, amateur golfers achieved a mean score of 4.06 and SD 1.13 and caddie turned amateur golfers achieved a mean score of 3.99 and SD 1.08. Mean score of 4.85 and 4.09 was achieved by amateur golfers and caddie turned amateur golfers respectively in health. The SD was 0.99 and 0.81. In social, amateur golfers achieved a mean score of 7.19 and SD 1.52 and caddie turned amateur golfers achieved a mean score of 6.27 and SD 0.90. Mean score of 7.61 and 5.78 was achieved by amateur golfers and caddie turned amateur golfers respectively in emotional domain. The SD was 1.40 and 1.10. In educational domain, amateur golfers achieved a mean score of 5.50 and SD 1.58 and caddie turned amateur golfers achieved a mean score of 7.66 and SD 1.51. Mean score of 29.23 and 27.80 was achieved by amateur golfers

DISCUSSION

The purpose of present research was to compare the adjustment of Amateur golfers and Caddie turned amateur golfers. As the results of this research shows from the findings regarding adjustment that significant difference has been observed in various sub domains - health, social, emotional, educational, and total adjustment. However, in home domain has non-significance difference. Study also shows that caddie turned amateur golfers are better in adjustment because mean score of caddie turned amateur golfers (27.80) was lesser than mean score of amateur golfers (29.23).

This study successfully determined the levels of adjustment among amateur golfers and caddie turned amateur golfers. Based on the results, the study concludes that there existed a significant difference in the adjustment of golfers. The mean difference for home adjustment was better among caddie turned amateur golfers but non-significant. for domains like health, social, and emotional caddie turned amateur golfers were observed significantly more adjusting than amateur golfers. However, on educational domain amateur golfers shows more significant adjustments than caddie turned amateur golfers. But overall adjustment was better showcased by caddie turned amateur golfers which was comparatively significant.

• Many other psychological parameters as passion, depression can be studied for golf players. • The present study may be replicated with different sports.

Dhillon G.K. (1986). A comparative study of the personality characteristics, Adjustments and Motivational level of Non-participants and participant. Children of secondary schools in Physical Activities. Third survey of Research in Education, New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research Training, pp. 36. Kamlesh, M.L. (1988). Psychology in Physical Education and Sports 2nd Revised Edition (New Delhi Metropolitan Publication. Scientific Journal 15:1 (January 1992): pp. 2. Stephanmy FN. Freeman, Marvin C (2000). Academic and Social Attainments of Children with mental Retardation in General Education and Special Education setting. Remedial and Special Education; 21(1): pp. 3-26. Raju MVR, Rahamatulla TK (2007). Adjustment Problems among school students. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology; 33(1): pp. 73-79.

Research Scholar, Department of Physical Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh pardeepkhandelwal@gmail.com