Academic Performance of Children of Working and non working Mothers: A Comparative Study

According to the 2011 census, women & children made up 67.7 percent of India's population. Women & children must be empowered, protected, and nurtured in order for the country to grow in a sustainable and fair manner. It is the Ministry of Women & Child Development's aim to promote the social and economic empowerment of women and to ensure the care, development, and protection of children through its many missions. Mission Poshan 2.0, Mission Vatsalya, & Mission Shakti were established on March 8th, 2021, by the Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD) in order to more efficiently implement numerous plans and programs. Mission Shakti, according to the Ministry, is a set of plans and policies aimed at empowering and safeguarding women. In addition, the government has set aside Rs. 3,109 crore (US$ 415 million) for this objective as part of the Union Budget FY21-22. Children's academic achievement is influenced by their involvement in group activities. Academic performance refers to a student's ability to succeed in school, college, & university, as well as to their ability to land a job. Children's futures are increasingly tied to their academic performance. The standard of one's work has risen in importance in an increasingly cutthroat society. Pressures on students, instructors, schools, and the entire education system arise from the desire to reach a high degree of success. In reality, it appears like the entire educational system revolves around a student's academic performance. As of 2013, Dr. Mohammad Ahsan* has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The amount to which a student, instructor, or institution has met their educational objectives is known as academic performance. The academic performance of schools in California is used as a metric of success. It is a term used to describe how parents impact their children's academic success through influencing their abilities, conduct, and attitudes toward school. A child's semi-organized home learning setting becomes more regimented as they enter first grade. Early academic success has a long-term impact on future academic success. Parents' socioeconomic situation can have an impact on their children's academic socialization. Furthermore, new studies show that the quality of a child's relationship with his or her parents has a direct impact on their academic achievement, as well as the quality of their educational environment. Basic concepts that will guide a child's growth in both school and the outside world are learned in a family setting during the first few years of life. Mothers have an important role in the development of their children and serve as role models for their children, influencing their growth and behavior.... A child's behavior, study habits, attitude, and career direction are more likely to be influenced by his or her mother's punishment than by a man's. As in other Western countries, nuclear families are the norm in modern culture, with both parents employed. In India, the rate at which women are working has increased significantly, resulting in significant changes in family structure and function.

global concern. A student's academic achievement is influenced by both his or her natural skill and the environment in which he or she grows up. Working mothers, who are more educated, seem to have a better understanding of their children. The happiness of a family is influenced by the contributions of women in a variety of ways. In nearly every culture, they are historically entrusted with the primary responsibility of caring for newborns & children (UNDP, 1995). Preventative & curative medical care is essential for children's health &development, and women play an vital role in this process. It is crucial for women to supplement their families' incomes both at home and at work. Developing states like Kanpur require the participation of women in most cases for the minimal survival of a family, and because of their many responsibilities as caretakers and suppliers of family income, women face difficult situations in raising their children up in the best possible way. When a mother does not work, they may have to rely on other family members to take care of their children. At home, children acquire their first education and learn the fundamental beliefs that will shape their future growth in and out of school. When it comes to the development of a child, a mother's effect on the child's behavior and growth is crucial. A child's behavior, study habits, attitude, and career path are influenced more by his or her mother than his or her father. As in other Western countries, nuclear families are the norm in modern culture, with both parents employed. Increased work opportunities for women in India have led to significant changes in the form and function of families. When a mother is working, her children grow up in a different setting than those raised by a mother who does not work. Individuals' study habits are greatly influenced by their family's socioeconomic status.

The descriptive approach of surveying was employed. Simple random sampling was used to obtain the data, while questionnaire, interview & observation methods pie charts were used to examine the data.

A total of 27 percent of boys & 18 percent of girls were determined to be excellent in classroom performance, while 18 percent of boys & 5 percent of girls were found to be average and 5 percent of boys & 7 percent of girls were found to be poor.

Table No.2: Study habit

On the other hand, the average study habit was 8 percent for boys & 6 percent for girls, while the poor study habit rate was 24 percent for both males & females in Table No.2. Figure 2: Study habit Table No.3: Learning Outcomes

Learning outcomes

Scores 80% -100% 60% -79% Below 60% Boys Nil 9 41 Girls NIL 8 42

There were no boys or girls who scored 80 percent or higher, while 9 percent of boys & 8 percent of boys scored 60 percent or higher, and 41 percent of boys & 42 percent of girls scored below 60 percentage points. Table No. 3

Figure 3: Learning Outcomes

Working mothers: In this study working mothers refers to women employed by private or public sectors, who work at least 6-8 hours a day to support family income. Non-working mothers: In this study non-working mothers refers to those women managing household activities and not involved in any external sector for income generating employment academic achievement

• Parents need to be aware of the changing social environment, the challenges their children face, & numerous methods for ensuring their children's optimal development.

• Parents need to be aware of the changing social environment, the challenges their children face, & numerous methods for ensuring their children's optimal development. For the benefit of children whose mothers do not work, the government should develop easily accessible children's clubs, sports centers, and libraries.

• Teachers should work to create a positive learning environment in the classroom and at the school so that children have an easier time adjusting to their new environment. Their role is to function as a go-between for the children of stay-at-home moms.

• In order to better understand their children's emotional and academic requirements, non-working mothers should talk to them on a daily basis. This will be really beneficial in understanding and resolving their issue.

• Teachers, administrators, and counselors should be educated on the academic challenges & coping mechanisms faced by children whose mothers don't work, in order to better develop and implement interventions for these children.

• A single city in Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, is the focus of this investigation (India). It may be necessary to expand the scope of the study to include more districts, states, or even countries.

• Due to time and expense constraints, the author needs to rely on a small sample size. Choosing more schools from the population would be a better option.

• Studies can be pursued at numerous levels, including high school, college, & university, as well as in a variety of institutions.

 Teachers can also benefit from the findings of this study. Students will have less adjustment issues if teachers work to create a positive learning environment both in the classroom and at school. Children whose

According to the findings of this study, children's academic performance among working and non-working women in Uttar Pradesh is correlated with socioeconomic status. A person's school-age years are the most pivotal time in their life, as major life changes occur during this period. It is also during this time when most of the student's academic performance is developed. The percentage analysis shows that education has an impact on this academic performance. No differences were found between the features of children whose mothers worked and those of their mothers who did not work in terms of academic achievement. Due to their lack of shyness & higher levels of self-assurance, boys outperformed girls in tests. This may be because boys tend to absorb concepts earlier in life than do girls. Due to non-working mothers, boys had better study habits than girls since they have more time to dedicate to their education and other hobbies. However, girls are more concerned with being pampered, which further affects their study habits. More boys than girls are doing well on standardized tests, maybe as a result of the discipline & intelligence that boys have inherited from their mothers at home.

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Associate Professor, Smt. Vatsalabai Naik Mahila Mv. Pusad MS