The Impact of Counselling in Children’s Homes and Observation Homes on Drug Abuse- A Review

An issue facing society is juvenile. Juvenile in India should be the primary area of attention for development, study, and wellness in India because to their vast numbers, but this has not been the case. Juvenile delinquency is an issue that affects parental dynamics, social, cultural, and economic dynamics. The globe is concerned about the extremely large and expanding issue of juvenile or delinquency. Conflicts involving juveniles are sometimes referred to as juvenile cases. The notion that a child's formative years are the most important phase of their development cannot be denied. Due to the fact that current structures are designed to foster the development of touch, subjective, visual, jargon, socioeconomics, emotions, and identity. All available opportunities for each juvenile's legitimate growth and advancement should be taken advantage of at this crucial period. The largest country in the world by population and size of society is India. Social and legal order are disrupted as a result of the sociocultural social structure's ongoing decline. Juveniles are becoming a bigger concern in society, and there are now several punishments being used to stop mistreatment of children. Even then, it is obvious that the prevalence of this ailment has grown. Inadequate juvenile care causes these problems, which have a negative impact on social norms and regulations in society (Zhang, 2008). There have been several instances of these juvenile confrontations in Delhi, India. The finest illustration of this attitude may be seen in a previously reported Delhi gang rape case on December 16, 2012, in which a teenager was a key participant in the gang-rape. Over the past year, the issue of teenage drug misuse has gotten worse. Indian law is lenient toward drug addicts. The International Day against Drug Addiction and Illegal Trafficking is observed on June 26 every year. But the drug scenario continues to spiral out of control. Drug addiction is on the rise daily in India, which is caught in the drug industry's vicious cycle (Wagner et.al., 2002). Drug addiction is a complex issue with several social, cultural, biological, environmental, historical, and economic facets. The number of drug addicts who take drugs to escape from reality is on the rise due to factors like peer pressure, lack of parental love and care, terrible neighbourhood, etc. Teenage drug usage and their troubling behaviour are important causes for concern. Juvenile delinquency is defined as "a behaviour or conduct that is damaging to society, family, friends, and himself/herself or property, animal, etc. at a developing stage." Juvenile drug addiction causes people to be unwilling or unable to interact with others or a society. They are unfriendly to society. Teenage hostility and drug use have a substantial correlation, according to researchers. One of the key causes of juvenile misbehaviour is social isolation. Aggressive behaviour toward others is defined as delinquent. The worrying problem is delinquent behaviour that is aggressive against siblings, friends, parents, instructors, or other people, such as verbal (Shahzad et.al., 2015). Drug use has become so pervasive across society that it is destroying the foundation of the country. The use of illegal drugs has spread around the world during the past thirty years, and most nations are currently experiencing negative consequences as a result of drug abuse. The devastating long-term effects of taking outdated medications, as well as their impact on users, families, the community, and society, have drawn severe concern from the worldwide community. All nations, including India, have determined that drug users pose a threat to human life.Drug offences are equally circumspect, yet people made a big deal out of it. In this paper, an effort was undertaken to investigate the causes of this danger and how the medicines got into the blood of the Native Americans. India's repeated attempts to solve this issue have been recognized as just conventions. This feathered dragon can then be relaxed to the start, mostly on the unusual hope that even this difficulty is actually taken into consideration. Don't mention to drugs that a few brands are mentioned on message boards and publications since this is a sign that social awareness drugs are being abused (Ranjit et.al., 2011). Although the extent of the association between drugs and crime has not been fully defined, drug use is an essential factor of criminal conduct. Despite considerable evidence indicating the relationship between drug usage and criminal behaviour is positive, the incidental influence of drug use on crime has not been studied" [Mocan and Tekin (2005); (VanderWaal, 2001)]. The usage of juvenile criminal abusive and teenage drug use is significant and clearly differentiated amongst disorders. "National figures for the National Village of Prevention of Misuse of Publicly Funded Substances largely suggest that 55 % of men's enrollment in these programmes and 39 % of women's admissions in these programmes" (Young, Dembo, and Henderson, 2007). The young offenders, many of them plan to use drugs and other substances to advance their despicable professions. This "drug-crime" loop most likely represents the reciprocal cause-effect of drug use and crime, and the reality is that substance use and the abuse shared risks might be drug therapy in a way that minimises the drug treatment (VanderWaal, 2001). Juvenile abuse, as well as drug and alcohol misuse, are under the purview of social administration and social policy. The social policy covers social care and the welfare of the state, which is dedicated to the citizens of the country. Drug rehabilitation and restrictive strategies of dealing with young offenders have alternated in juvenile justice reform. In India, social policy and practice have centered on providing psychiatric assistance to juvenile delinquents in non-secure, community-based settings. The increase in violent juvenile delinquency over the previous decade has resulted in significant progress in convicting investigated.According to the research, homicide rates have stayed relatively consistent over the previous three decades, and this is tied to current juvenile justice practices. The findings support the necessity for juvenile crime policies as well as policy improvements (Paretta et.al., 2018).

According to the ACA4, counselling is referred to be "a professional partnership that allows different people, families, and communities to achieve mental health, wellness, educational, and career objectives." It is an objective-based shared cycle that involves a non-critical, compassionate counsellor and includes assistance for the juveniles to make acceptable changes in viewpoint, feeling, and carrying on. Communication and building the client's confidence are the foundations of counselling. It is a method to alter behaviour and enhance mental health in order to reduce stress. In all traditions, the elders established moral guidelines for the neighbourhood and counselled the young people to follow them. Elders in India, especially teachers and parents, considered that offering counselling, guidance, and support was one of their vital and important responsibilities. Young people were convinced about the counselling officials and the significance that should be given to counselling at various times and locations by the oft-repeated proverb "Mata, Pita, Guru, Deivam." The dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna during the battle of Kurukshetra is the most well-known example of counselling in the sagas. Juvenile delinquency is a gateway to teenage abuse, and a sizable component of the criminal justice system has its roots in childhood, contributing to serious problems around the globe. Today, it is an extremely pressing issue that demands immediate attention. "When we compare the statistical data from underdeveloped countries to those with economic progress, the uncertainty is rising." 10 "Children under the age of 16 have committed more crimes during the past few decades." The child's rearing environment, the economy, illiteracy, and parental care may all be contributing factors to the rising crime rate. These are some of the fundamental explanations.The most disheartening aspect is that youngsters nowadays, especially those between the ages of 16 and 18, are more likely to commit crimes due to their dangerous behaviours or outright rudeness, neither of which are simple to deal with and may be readily sparked by anti-social components. This section covers the socio-legal conundrum surrounding adolescent delinquency, the classification of drugs and their consequences, as well as the Indian and worldwide perspectives on drug trafficking. In the section on the global negatively impact India. It covers the main reasons why young people nowadays take drugs. In essence, the term "drug" refers to a material compound that is used to cure sickness. The name "DRUG" comes from the French word "DROGUE," which denotes a dry plant. According to S. Singh and Balhara (2016), a chemical is considered a drug if it follows up on one or more of a living thing's abilities and may even change its structure when introduced to it.Anything a man consumes, inhales, injects into himself, or absorbs falls under this description (assimilates). Alangla (1990) suggests any substance placed into the body of a living being in a specified form and capable of adjusting to any of its capacities. According to the definition, a drug is any chemical that people consume to alter their feelings, thoughts, or behaviours. This includes both natural and artificial substances, as well as alcohol and cigarettes (Programme, 2000). Substances are not specifically defined under the NDPS Act of 1985, but the Government of India does so in its drug-related proclamations, which cover drugs like medicinal hemp and its derivatives as well as coca and opium substitutes. A medication or other chemical that, when consumed or otherwise introduced into the body, has a physiological impact, according to the Oxford Dictionary. In this study, the term "drug usage" refers to the use of any substance that has the potential to cause harm. These substances can be legal, such as alcohol, cigarettes, medications (such as amphetamine), unexpected substances, such as paste or petroleum, or illegal, such as marijuana, heroin, and cannabis. Drug usage is a very widespread habit. Indian people have long held socioreligious beliefs and practiced traditional rituals relating to drug usage. Additionally, it was used to reduce pain, improve preparedness, ease pressure, lose weight, improve quality, and even combat sadness. The majority of these medicines are prohibited by law. Drug usage is prohibited, yet at the end of the day, it is nonetheless common and unregulated.It is a synthetic chemical that can have both physical and mental effects. It alters a man's typical, significant processes or abilities. Drug misuse and trafficking have become global crises. The threat is global. The adverse effects of medications may be found anywhere in the world. It causes issues with society, the economy, and health. It also substantially impedes criminality at the same time. Drug addiction in people is caused by an impulsive desire to take drugs repeatedly and excessively. As a result, it shows how opiate medicines are misused or used in a non-therapeutic way, which is what causes the problem. This circumstance draws attention to the need to examine drug usage and look for preventative measures as well as the root causes of the issue. Alcohol is said to have been the first drug ever used in American history to persecute an ethnic group, the American Indians. The associated risk factors include drug use, which foretells behaviour that is typically dimensional phenomenon," and that "family ties, peers, school gangs, alcohol and drug use, and child maltreatment are key linkages of juvenile delinquency." Individuals under the age of 18 are classified as juveniles, according to Tandon and Collective's (2015) "Drug policy in India," and the crimes they commit are protected by a special law known as the "Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) (JJCP)Act."Instead than penalizing minors through the judicial system, attention has been taken through this Act to change their current behavioural pattern and criminal mindset. As a result, it shields young people from legal proceedings outlined in several other Acts, such as those relating to drugs like the NDPS Act. Drug Dependency Circle:

Drug use, misuse, and dependence are psychosocial health issues. Drug use is steadily rising, altering people's way of life in many wealthy and underdeveloped countries alike. Drug addiction is currently recognised as a significant, substantial health issue. It has a direct impact on the brain, body, and behaviour. Depending on the type of substance, it may be smoked, groaned, consumed orally, or even injected. Some drugs can be used in many ways. For instance, a cleaner form of heroin can be injected instead than smoked. Because injections produce a stronger high than oral usage or smoking, injecting drugs is more harmful than any of those methods.Drug misuse leads to drug dependency as reliance and resilience increase. Resistance pertains to a circumstance in which addicts require additional medicine to get a comparable effect. Smaller doses that were sufficient in the past are no longer feasible, forcing abusers to increase their drug consumption levels. Drug dependency begins gradually. Both drug abuse and drug dependency exhibit a dysfunctional kind of drug usage. Drug abuse develops drug habits as dependency and resistance increase. Resistance relates to a state in which the addict need progressively more of the substance to have the same effects. Smaller amounts that were sufficient in the past are no longer enticing, and the addict is forced to increase the amount of drugs used.Dependence on tranquillizers develops gradually. Every drug usage requires a skewed concerns, and an increase in risk-taking behaviours or exposure to hazardous situations. Drug dependence criteria include physiological resistance and withdrawal symptoms, use leading to the cessation of important activities, spending an increasing amount of time engaging in activities related to drug abuse, using drugs for longer than intended periods of time, and use despite the presence of comorbid conditions brought on by drug abuse. Some drugs just have psychological effects, while others cause dependence on both the body and the mind. The passionate, emotional, and psychological diversion from the problem, the effects of the drug, and the ongoing desire for this are all mental dependencies. As a result, mental dependence develops and abusers get "snared" on these substances cognitively. When this kind of physical dependence develops, the abuser's body becomes susceptible to the drug. The body becomes so used to being impacted by the medication after repeated usage that it can normally only function when the drug is accessible. If the medicines are abruptly discontinued after they have been abused, withdrawal symptoms appear. One may say that the body "dissents" against the absence of the medications and becomes "confounded."Depending on the type of medicines taken, withdrawal symptoms might range from mild discomfort to spasms. As a result, the intensity of these withdrawal symptoms or signs depends on the abuser's mental state, the kind, quantity, and duration of their drug usage. The withdrawal symptoms of a particular medication were typically in conflict with the effects that were experienced after using the substance. For instance, ingestion of earthy-colored sugar causes blockage, whereas the withdrawal symptoms associated with this are loose stools. Therefore, situations like this make it harder for the drug abuser to give up the addiction.Ranganathan S. (2002) concurs and states, "They needs to avoid the terrible withdrawal side effects; to keep a safe distance from them; and to continue mishandling the substance. Because of this, the client is forced to continue abusing medications even after becoming aware of their negative effects. Different drug structures and administration methods are available. Some are honest, while others are not. Drug addiction and usage may lead to a number of health problems, and in some situations, they can even result in death. A drug is defined as "any chemical (other than food that provides dietary support) that, when breathed in, infused, smoked, consumed, eaten via a patch on the skin, or dissolved beneath the tongue, induces a short physiological (and frequently psychological) alteration in the body." "A drug is any chemical," according to Stedman's Medical Dictionary, "that, when breathed, injected, smoked, digested, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue induces a transient Drugs are categorized in a variety of ways. One is defined as "Narcotic and Psychotropic" drugs under the "Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Act, 1985" law of India. The terms "narcotic drugs" and "psychotropic substances" don't have a common understanding of what they mean. The name "Narcotics" is derived from the Greek word "Narkoticos," which meaning dulling or smothering (Hanson, Venturelli, & Fleckenstein, 2011). The word "narcotic" is most commonly used to describe a class of medications that depresses the central nervous system (CNS) and causes physical shock as well as tiredness. These medications often include opioids, such as opium, its derivatives, and its semi- or synthetic equivalents.

There are several effects of drug misuse on crime in our general population. It affects both men and women, as well as all others; elderly, matured, young, teens, and even toddlers. Each act of evil is motivated by inebriation. The link between drugs and criminality is mind-boggling. Most legitimately, it has been a criminal to acquire, use, possess, manufacture, and transport illegal drugs and associated supplies (for example, cocaine, heroin, and cannabis). The usage of illegal drugs or substances may also be linked to criminality. For example, professionally prescribed medication addiction may be linked to a variety of offences, such solution fraud, illegal web drug businesses, and robbery. Furthermore, liquids such as alcohol, whose use is legal for adults, can be used in ways that include illegal activity. Despite being aware of the negative effects of drug usage, the addicted individual continued to use it on a regular basis. Excessive consumption is frequently the result of abusers using additional drugs, reaching a harmful level. "Their drug dependency grows to the level where drug use is required for regular everyday activities, since the lack of drug in the body reflects the unwanted repercussions." "Drug ingestion methods include injection by vaccination, inhalation, and oral intake." The specific mode influences the impact of the medicine on the consumer. Addiction causes psychological and physiological dependence. For a long time, Delhi has been plagued by a drug pandemic. The leading causes of adolescent drug misuse Drug addicts utilise narcotics to find temporary answers to their financial, emotional, and social problems. "Access and simple openness, guardians not supplying quality time, increase in peer weight, and low capacity to adapt to life/stretch are the key factors why individuals mishandle drugs." Inhalants such as dendrite, erasex, gukta, whiskey, cigarettes, and skillet are According to Ahuja (2004), the motivations for sedative use or the reasons for drug use are classified into four categories: (1) Psychological Causes, such as easing pressure, facilitating despondency, expelling hindrances, fulfilling interest, evacuating weariness, getting kicks, feeling high and certain, and strengthening discernment, and (2) Physical Causes, such as easing pain, facilitating despondency, expelling hindrances, fulfilling interest, evacuating weariness, (2) Social Causes, such as fostering sociable interactions, being accepted by peers, and using skills and activities to become more social, (3) Physical Causes, such as staying awake, elevating sex-related events, evacuating pain, and gaining restlessness, and other Causes, such as expanding study-related time, polishing religious knowledge, creating self-understanding, dealing with personal issues, and so on.According to Bhagbanprakash (2000), the primary variables responsible for the spread of "Drug misuse" are the following- 1. The need for new experiences drives young people to try new "drug interactions," especially when they are open and accessible. The associated weight is another factor that contributes to tranquillize mishandle. 2. Another, evidently innocuous, influence is the broad communication that occasionally includes topics of drug usage. 3. A changing social environment is one of the key factors driving the rise of "drug misuse" among the young. 4. Mass unemployment among educated young and the movement of provincial youth to metropolitan areas in search of jobs have both contributed to the increase in drug misuse. Chronic drug addiction occurs when a person uses drugs eagerly and frequently, even if the wish to quit is not harmful. After learning of their extreme drug reliance, the individual is unable to modify their behaviour. Individuals who use drugs to manage illnesses and scatters who focus on their capacity to work may improve their position. These people are exposed to a certain substance or medicine yet do not grow addicted to it. If a person exhibits urgent behaviour for drugs and knows the challenges in ceasing its intake, he or she is dependent rather than just needy. Illicit drug usage is mostly associated with non-clinical ingestion of opiate compounds for euphoric and pain-relieving effects.

a) Easy Availability of Drugs: A person initially consumes a substance to experience the taste, "what it's like," and such wonder may be referred to as "curiosity." 'Macdonald' noticed that kids had characteristics of adventure as well as may either never use the drug again, use it more than once, or use it often as drug use is mostly for a pleasurable experience. At this point, many components are accountable for single selection. In any case, the most important element is whether or not drugs are easily accessible for frequent consumption. Because the drug-law permission has not been strictly enforced, drugs are practically available across the country. Furthermore, the legitimate routes for the distribution of psychotropic medicines for medicinal reasons for existing are rapidly becoming a huge source of unrestricted illegal supplies of these drugs to both present and regular drug users. Scientists and pharmacists are completely bound by the "Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetic Rules, 1945" for selling prescription drugs only to persons who have considerable drugs. Because of their lack of control over these scientific experts and pharmacists, such pharmaceuticals are illegally offered to addicts at a greater price than usual. Illegal substances can be obtained for an indefinite period of time. b) Peer Group Influence: In such cases, 'Dr. Ram Ahuja' supports that "Peer-Group Influence" appears to be more important in tranquillize usage, particularly in the cases of juveniles who, due to poorly developed inward and societal restrictions, engage in indiscreet and untrustworthy behaviour. The person's "friendship range" has been based on network assumptions. Observations about drug addicts have drawn attention to the fact that the majority of drug abusers are very "exclusive" and endeavor to constrain their kindred, with an extraordinarily tiny %age hungry for large fellowship as should be predicted given the conditions. The Peer-Group has had a significant impact on drug addiction. If other members of such organisations used to use alcohol with drugs, even those who are not otherwise interested may succumb to the temptation. According to the idea of ‗social learning,' drug use is conceived of in terms of social-factors interacting with individual-factors within a given socially relevant setting. As a result, 'drug addiction' is seen as a conscious behaviour under such circumstances. Peer Groups have been a significant source of developing specific sorts of behaviour patterns. bad pressure. Unfortunately, the same social pressure that functions as a group bonding as an established standard can lead group members astray.They were all subjected to a tremendous deal of peer pressure, which is why they began experimenting with drugs. Peer pressure was most prevalent during the adolescent years, when adolescents accepted the viewpoint that "everyone else is doing it," thus they should as well. In a celebration party, after finishing high school, with peers or large others — entirely ordinary settings in which they believe they must go in order to fit in. Peer pressure has been more obvious than the tension of making new friends and being motivated by old ones. c) Lack of Education and Urbanization: The transformation of a rural, backward civilization into an urban, sophisticated commercial community spreads socially significant attributes, acting as a social-control weapon. The movement of youngsters from rural to urban areas in search of a better financial situation or a better education is a common occurrence throughout the country. Such people are not often accustomed to the difficulties and pressure that they must endure throughout this new appearance. They are confined to a life of isolation, suffering, sadness, and gloom. Being estranged from their families and traditional ideals, they are persuaded to seek solace in narcotics. The modern metropolitan lifestyle has also contributed significantly to the problem of drug usage. The frantic drive for monetary prospering, popularised enjoyment, the separation of rules and values, and the shrinking appreciation of elders have all resulted in a deformation of the traditional family structure and made the young increasingly susceptible to drug use. According to 'Harvey Teff,' "in our modern environment where man's endurance is fragile, although prospective accomplishments appear to be infinite, non-achievers are more helpless to the allure of narcotics." d) A Bonding Experience/ Break Ups: Various juveniles have trouble interacting with classmates at school at higher levels, especially on many occasions (school parties, birthday parties, and New Year's festivities). Individuals utilise alcoholic beverages and narcotic medications to feel more at ease with their surroundings. Such stress is not the same as peer pressure; rather, it stems from a need to on party festivities. e) Depression/ Stress/ Low Self Esteem/ Social Pressure: Some youths use drugs as a form of 'idealism.' When they are upset and lacking confidence, they adopt them as a strategy for experiencing and feeling more energetic and joyful. It is their endeavour to persuade them. You might think of "simply as a young person," yet there may be a deeper dissatisfaction underneath. Many teens are concerned about the availability of cutting-edge coursework and extracurricular activities throughout secondary school. A lack of adaptability may result in the discovery of a simulated approach for adapting to rising demands. They see drugs as a viable choice. Lower selfconfidence among young people, particularly those in their adolescent years, may imply reckless behaviour as a result of the quality of their companions. Mainstream media and frequently families focus on teens and perceive them in a specific manner, and they lose confidence in themselves when they fail to meet their high expectations. To deal with such conditions, it appears that drugs are commonly used. Most people begin consuming alcohol to cope with a stressful and gloomy phase. Such a circumstance might arise owing to the nature of one's job, family troubles, the breakdown of relationships, or the death of someone. Narcotic medications and alcoholic beverages used to relieve stress have mainly resulted in overconsumption. The reality of being addicted to alcoholic beverages while attempting to cope with increased mental stress adds to the complexity of daily living. The desire to become more sociable is a primary factor to alcoholism in the majority of people. Many people value the prospect of regular social gatherings with their pals. The location and location of the party, including the bar and the club, are generally more favourable of alcohol intake. When another partygoer is drinking in moderation, the heavy drinker is usually given the opportunity. Several studies have revealed that countries with increased alcohol availability had higher rates of alcohol addiction. Several studies have also found that the sort of social circles one belongs to has a significant role in one's alcohol use. f) Curiosity/ Enhanced Experiences: Curiosity and curiosity are natural they are interested in learning more about it. They develop 'hallucinations' as youths that they are invincible. Despite the fact that they are aware that drugs are forbidden, they refuse to acknowledge that anything unlawful may 'transpire.' Making young people aware of the repercussions of drug usage may lessen their interest. Drugs are frequently used to enhance some interactions. 'Cocaine' and 'amphetamine' are often used to increase 'vitality,' and users believe they cannot achieve anything on their own and require minimal assistance. 'Delight' can be used to describe restriction and the lack of mature sexual experience. 'Marijuana' is frequently used to relax and is socially accepted. g) Role Model/ Advertisement: The glamour and glamour of actors and actresses has always captivated us, and we all aspire to live the lavish lifestyles of Bollywood stars. However, appearances may be deceiving. The Bollywood business may appear gleaming from the outside, but those who have worked in it know how dark it is on the inside. There are numerous dark secrets about the Bollywood industry that are typically pushed under the carpet, ranging from extramarital affairs to drug misuse. However, while many celebrities have recently come forward to admit their drug and alcohol addictions, others have remained silent. Some had lost their lives and professions as a result of this addiction, while others had moved on to salvage their jobs.Young children are especially exposed to the effects of early advertising for brand loyalty, excessive usage of'social media,' and aggressive marketing of 'alcohol' and 'tobacco' products. Advertisements such as "Muh mai rajnirandha kadmo mai duniya," "Mc Dowell- No.1 yaari," and "Imperial Blue- Men will be men." h) Socio-Economical Factor: Low-income neighbourhoods have high rates of drug misuse. Young people from lower socioeconomic origins are more likely to smoke than people from middle-class ones. This variation in smoking behaviours reflected differences in views about 'tobacco' usage based on socioeconomic class. Due to its ease of access and price, 'beedi-smoking' is particularly prevalent among teens in India. Teens from low-income homes illegally consume cheap and counterfeit local liquor. They also often utilise inhalants. pathways and become drug-dependent. Although bad judgement is a reason for juvenile detention, they cannot be charged on their own merits, especially if they have not been trained. Such a background can pose substantial risks of drug misuse.

Adolescence is a period of significant "physical, social, cognitive, and emotional development" (Lerner and Galambos, 1998). It is also a transitional period from "childhood to maturity," when behavioural indications of freedom and adult-status become increasingly prominent (Moffitt, 1993). One of these forms is minor delinquency, which is an ideal component of teenage growth. The most often used drugs include 'alcohol, ―marijuana (hemp),' 'cannabis,' 'hash (hashish),' various forms of phlegm syrup, ‗sedative pills,' 'brown sugar,' 'heroin,' 'cocaine,' 'tobacco' ("cigarettes, gutka, pan-masala"), and so on. Substance abuse is also known as 'drugabuse.' A drug used to change an existing process or condition ("physical, psychological, or biological") or naturally occurring chemicals.A 'drug' is defined as any substance that alters a person's physical or mental functioning. It may or may not be used for therapeutic purposes, and its usage may or may not be lawful. "Drug usage" refers to the use of a 'drug' to cure an illness, prevent sickness, or improve health conditions. However, "drug abuse" occurs when a substance is used for a cause, strength, frequency, or method other than therapy that harms a person's physical or mental functioning. Any sort of medicine can be abused, as can medically prescribed substances. Brown sugar and cannabis, for example, have no medicinal use. Using them is the same as abusing them. The 'World Health Organization (WHO)' and the APA56 defined drug abuse in 1956 as "the illicit consumption of any naturally occurring or pharmaceutical substance for the purpose of changing the way a person feels, thinks, or behaves, without understanding or taking into consideration the damaging physical and mental side-effects that are caused."

Findings from the study indicate that since problems with teenage delinquency and drug use have a range of causes and consequences, they call for a lot of attention. Family stresses including dysfunctional homes, poor parenting, economic inequality, alcoholism, or sexual abuse may have an impact on juvenile criminality. Other social challenges including peer pressure, illiteracy, and societal conditions are among the main causes of these problems. Therefore, delinquency affects not

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Research Scholar, Shri Krishna University, Chhatarpur M.P.