Analysis of Rate of Change of Strength in Elite Class Indian Judokas with Respect to Anthropometric Variables

Achieving sports excellence is the top most priority of all the allied disciplines closely associated with sports. Working with one coach with all traditional diet and reaching to the top, attaining grand victory at international level of tournaments has now become a thought of past. A team of expert use to assist an athlete who is preparing for such international level tournament. The world of sports has now been completely changed from equipment(s) to coaching styles, from athlete preparation to level of administration, we have observed so many changes. To coup with demands of international level our government is also taking worthwhile steps. They are funding athletes through various schemes. They are also working on empowering good administrative and training staff for the same. “Coming events cast their shadows before” This line fits better in case of anthropometric measurements and level of muscular strength. If rest of factors assured constant muscular strength improves as with its circumferential growth. In most of the combat sports where contest are decided according to body weight and age, anthropometric variables act as whistle blower of muscular strength. As it is described in so many Physiology texts that 1 square centimeter cross sectional area of muscle can exert approximately 30 – 40 newtons of force. The present study provides answer to how much change is observed in level of muscular strength by increasing/ decreasing one unit change in circumference of one particular group of muscle.

52 Male Judokas of 6 weight categories were selected purposively from 2 Judo training centers of Bhopal. They were asked to perform 2 strength related tests (bench press, and leg strength test) and 3 anthropometric tests (chest circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference). Bench press test was performed using flat bench, and IWF (International Weightlifting Federation) approved weight plates and barbell. Leg strength test was conducted using Takei Leg strength dynamometer. For both strength tests 1RM was measured. All anthropometric measurements were taken using Gulick tape.

To reach statistically valid and meaningful conclusions Descriptive statistics, correlations, list of variables entered/ removed, model summary, ANOVA table for testing significance of developed models, coefficients like outputs were computed. Table-1 provides idea regarding measure of central tendency and measure of dispersion of Bench press and chest circumference variables. The mean score for bench press was noted as 106.44 Kg with standard deviation 13.11. The mean score for chest circumference was noted as 95.75 Kg with standard deviation 6.96. Table-2: Correlations The value of Pearson‘s as observed in table-2 r= .843 indicates bench press and chest have linear relationship upto 84.3%. This correlation value was found significant even as on 0.01 level of significance as observed p-value .000≤.0.05.

a. Dependent Variable: BENCH PRESS b. All requested variables entered.

a. Predictors: (Constant), CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE b. Dependent Variable: BENCH PRESS Table-4 provides insight about number of models developed on the basis of present dataset. For present analysis the study have developed one model which

a. Dependent Variable: BENCH PRESS b. Predictors: (Constant), CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE Table-5 Justifies the worth of table 4, it confirms whether developed model is significant or not. For present case the developed model was found significant as the observed p-value .000 0.05.

a. Dependent Variable: BENCH PRESS Unstandardized and standardized coefficients have been presented in table 6. Unstandardized coefficients are used for developing regression equation while standardized coefficient(s) tells about relative contribution of individual predictor variable for causing change in dependent variable. Table-7: Descriptive Statistics

The value of Pearson‘s as observed in table-8 r= .872, .937 indicates performance of leg strength and calf circumference have linear relationship upto 87.2%. This correlation value was found significant even as on 0.01 level of significance as observed p-value .000≤.0.05. The performance of leg strength and thigh circumference have linear relationship upto 93.7%. This correlation value was found significant even as on 0.01 level of significance as observed p-value .000≤.0.05. Table-9: Variables Entered/Removed from the analysis Table-9 tells about name and number of predictor variables feeded to regression analysis in SPSS using which method. It also provides list of removed variable(s) if any. For instance variables were entered using Enter method while no variables were dropped during the process of analysis.

Table-10 provides insight about number of models developed on the basis of present dataset. For present analysis the study have developed one model which include two predictor variables (Calf circumference, and thigh circumference). These predictor variable together can explain 89.6% change in leg strength performance R square= .710.

Table-12: Standardized & unstandardized Coefficients Unstandardized and standardized coefficients have been presented in table 12. Unstandardized coefficients are used for developing regression equation while standardized coefficient(s) tells about relative contribution of individual predictor variable for causing change in dependent variable.

By going through whole statistical analysis the study have produced two regression equations which can quantify the performance of bench press and leg strength. Bench press performance = -184.62 + 3.04 (measurement of chest circumference in centimeters) Example- If a Judokas whose body weight is 66kg and his chest circumference is 92 centimeters, then according to the regression equation provided in research study he is suppose to lift the barbell loaded with weight plates in bench press would be equal to: Bench press performance =-184.62 + 3.04 (92)

To measure the leg strength of the subject the observed equation reads: Example- If a Judokas whose body weight is 73kg and his calf circumference is 37 centimeters, and thigh circumference is 56 centimeters. Then according to the regression equation provided in research study he is suppose to overcome resistance 158.95 kg≥ on leg strength dynamometer. Let us compute this with derived equation and tentative example: Leg strength performance = 1.03 + 1.12 (37) + 2.08 (56) Leg strength performance = 1.03+ 41.44 + 116.48 Leg strength performance= 158.95 Kg

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Research Scholar, L.N.I.P.E. Gwalior