Marginalisation *** Portrayal of Women Characters in Indian Diasporic Writings: A Study ** Jhumpa Lahiri and Bharati Mukherjee
Simran Punia*
********* Professor (Resource Person), Gurugram University, Gurugram, Haryana
Abstract- Most ******* of post-colonial diasporic origin tend to write in a formulaic fashion. Inviting readers **** all over the world, they use methods as varied ** stream of consciousness, immigration, magic realism, alienation, and the capacity to adjust to a new **** and culture. *** literary world has taken notice of Indian literature in English because of the ***** and relevance of its subject matter. The contemporary trend in Indian writing in English is unparalleled, despite the fact **** outstanding literary works written in English were discovered a century ago. Numerous authors have gained widespread recognition on both a national and international scale. Some of the most well-known Indian authors ** the modern era did not even **** up in India. Modern Indian English literature found a strong ally in India's female authors. They have **** light on **** of the ongoing ******** that women have *** to deal with for centuries. Women who **** stepped out to demonstrate their efficacy in numerous fields **** **** *** with resistance from patriarchal culture. ** ******** ****** does not arise from one specific event or cause. A person's identity crisis may have been brought on by a ****** of different things.
Keywords - Marginalization, Portrayal, Women, Character, Indian, Diasporic
INTRODUCTION
The Greek root of the English word "diaspora" means "to scatter." The term "diaspora" refers to the movement of people from one cultural area to another. In diasporic writing, there are two major developments. Both Temporal Move and Spatial Move are possible. The Temporal Shift involves analepsis, or a consideration of the past, and prolepsis, or consideration of the future. Deterritorialization, or the elimination of territory, is one part ** The Spatial Move, ***** Reterritorialization, or the addition of territory, is the other. Therefore, the novel ** *** diaspora ******** movement **** space, between the home nation and the strangers, the ***** and *** unknown, the traditional and the modern. Novels, short tales, travelogues, poetry, and prose by people of the diaspora have a long history in ************ literature. So-called "******** literature" emerged out of ****** with an unusually strong commitment to their birthplace, culture, religion, and language. The works of Indian diaspora authors have been more renowned during *** last decade. The Indian diaspora ** the biggest in terms of population after the Chinese diaspora. There are almost 25 million people in the diaspora, *** they have ******* in ***** major **** on every continent.
Women have been ***** ***** part to preserve cultural traditions ****** the home since the birth of human civilisation. There is an ongoing fight for women's liberation from patriarchal social ********** *** male dominance. In light of this, many female ******* are addressing themes specific to women. The authors are creating a "literature of their own," transcending barriers of ethnicity, religion, and more. Many female authors mirror the sentiment of "disappointment towards *** dominance of the masculine world" in their work. They have brought attention to the experience of exclusion and spoken out against the social standards that the macho society has imposed. Many modern female authors are concerned with drawing attention to the difficulties women face and the ways ** which they are ********* economically, emotionally, and physically. Women's emotional suffering inside households and ****** society as a whole has also been a primary focus.
Many ****** regard the fight for women's equal political, economic, *** social ****** to be at the heart ** the ******** movement. Equal educational and ************ possibilities for women is another goal ** feminism. A **** ******** is one who fights for women's rights and equality. Feminism is the belief that individuals of all sexes, races, sexual orientations, and nationalities should be afforded the same legal protections, economic opportunities, and social privileges. Feminism ** a social movement that ********* for *** equitable ********* of ***** and men ** all aspects of society.
****** LAHIRI'S INTERPRETER OF MALADIES, UNACCUSTOMED EARTH, AND THE NAMESAKE: PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN CHARACTERS
Jhumpa Lahiri is one of the rare authors who write about ****** in the **** **** a Western perspective. Her stories often center on Indian ********** of the first *** second *********** who have settled ** the United States or Western Europe. According ** an interview ******* Bahri gave to The Hindu, Lahiri's literature gives *** characters and their stories credit because *** respects their diversity. Lahiri's writing is characterized by its diversity because ** her interest in contrasts. The majority of her protagonists *** of Indian descent, and she makes her effort to ground them in Indian culture and customs even when they are set in other countries. If Mrs. Sen ('Mrs. Sen's') ** of Indian Bengali descent, she would likely wear a silk saree *** specialize in a certain cuisine.
It is easier for western women to portray themselves as educated, contemporary, and in charge of their own bodies *** "sexualities" if they can portray the ordinary woman in the developing ***** as illiterate, tradition-bound, and victimized, ** Chandra Talpade Mohanty argues. Lahiri confronts all of them by recasting eastern and western women as psychological beings, ******** their inner ******** and motivations *** *** first time. Aparna, the wife, tries to kill herself in 'Hell-Heaven' because she feels like an outsider in her own home. Aparna *** the other women characters in Lahiri's works appear to be ********* not because their husbands beat them with slippers ** **** the wife worship them, but rather because they are ******** both in the white community and ****** their own families.
Jhumpa Lahiri’s Women from Feminist Viewpoint
****** Lahiri, like Nandini Bhadra, adopts new methods ** improve her diasporic writing by engaging in transnational, postcolonial, and intercultural research. She is one of the ******* female authors in the field of ******* storytelling. There has been a surge in the number of tales written by diaspora women authors who focus on feminist literature. In the literature of the Diaspora, women have always been the focus of tragedy. ***** authors from the Diaspora explore the plight ** women in their works via a wide ***** of tones and perspectives. The plight of Indian women ********** ** other nations is clearly shown in the literature of ****** Lahiri, a writer of the Indian diaspora. Her female ************ suffer the most as a result of losing their individuality in a country that has been ******* by their husbands. Immigrant life is difficult for her female ******** in other countries. ******* of this, people honor their ancestors by wearing traditional clothing and adhering to their cultural practices. Most of *** women in *** story are housewives who ***** go anywhere except ** do housework.
Women's traditional duties in society, such as childbearing, housework, and service to spouse and family, persist even after migration. Due to ***** invisibility, they continue to be treated ** subservient, dependent, and ********** women. "For immigrants, the challenges of exile, the loneliness, the constant sense of alienation, and the knowledge of longing for the lost world are more explicit and *********** than for their children," in the ***** of Lahiri. (Arun Aguiar Speaks with Author Jhumpa Lahiri) Concerned with how globalization impacts individuals of different nations, racial and ethnic backgrounds, socioeconomic statuses, and sexual orientations is at the heart ** global feminism and transnational feminism. The professional feminism ** developing nations reduces *** time and energy migrant mothers can devote ** caring for their children. Demand from throughout the world necessitates the outsourcing of the labor of certain women. They are able to operate across boundaries, but their feeling ** ***** causes them to mistreat their spouses *** discriminate against women. Wartime labor shortages in the United States provide women with a chance to enter the workforce. They are liberated from ************* ****** stereotypes because ** ***** economic independence. In third-world feminism, ***** the emphasis is on the *********** oppression that ******** women to *** home and conventional roles, ***** are liberated **** the domestic suffrage. Liberal feminism aims to **** women from the constraints of patriarchal gender roles by encouraging them to pursue higher education, find gainful employment, and develop a ****** sense of identity and community.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED NOVELS BY BHARTI MUKHERJEE: MARGINALISATION IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN DIASPORIC LITERATURE
Bharti Mukherjee is another multifaceted writer from the literature of the diaspora, ***** works are a synonym of sensitivity and express characters intellectually by tackling the challenges of migration and adaptation. Mukherjee is a ******* who has lived in a variety of cultural settings, and the experiences she *** had there have ***** her the energy to fictionalize the plight ** migrants and the *************** they face in both their native and adopted countries. Her experiences as a migrant in India, Canada, and the ****** States allowed her ** accurately portray ***** plight. ** use her *** words, "Stories of broken identities and discarded languages," describes the themes **** run through her writings. In her works, *** presents herself ** having gone through the **** kind of identity shift that *** discusses.
Jasmine, by Bharati Mukherjee, is one of her most well-known books. The novel's heroine, an intrepid young lady **** the hamlet of Hasnapur who moves to America, has an identity crisis, experiences marginalisation, and overcomes adversity to emerge as a powerful woman. This **** ***** how her many identities ****** *** intertwine as she moves through her present and *** past. The narrative builds to a dramatic climax, revealing *** fundamental transformation as she experiences discrimination at the hands of her *** people and in a strange place. After marrying Prakash, who gives her the name Jasmine out of pure devotion, ***** undergoes a profound identity shift. Author Bharati ********* **** the work to discuss issues of exclusion and self-definition.
We've been **** out of society and ******** from our homes; we've landed at the very *** of tarmacs, **** ferried in old army trucks where we've been roughly handled, and been ushered to a corner of waiting rooms where surly, barely awake customs ****** wait for their bribe. We are clad in the tattered remnants of foreign attire, **** long after their appropriate seasons have passed. We have just one request: please let us land, proceed, etc. Unbeknownst to the tour groups, we check *** the main exit. Our urban centers and ultimate goals are **** within striking distance, *** not quite yet. We'll have to sneak in, landing only at night on ****** stretches of land... To what ****** do you refer? On which continent *** we looking? Wars *** pandemics are things that we must endure. I really need to *** caught up on the news, but *** papers lying ****** are written in a language I don't know. (Jasmine-101)
It's really sad that she refused to accept her destiny ***** ***** ******** raped by **** Face ******* after arriving in America. It may be argued that the burning ** her husband's outfit at *** hotel represents the *********** *** feels imposed by social norms and conventions. Her unsteady existence *** be attributed to *** marginalisation she has experienced in a new nation. She has come to *** ** in every aspect of her life. Mukherjee has created a local **** who teaches people everywhere how to fight **** ******* adversity and go on with their lives.
Cultural Ideology and ****** Construction
The value of one's ******** cannot be overstated. Everyone has to work hard to establish ** discover who they are. Another meaning of the term "identity" is our very being. To begin, it is not an **** thing to *** down one's identity. The idea of ******** is not abstract. It may ****** with **** and with different cultures. Reading *** works of women's rights advocates from India who have lived and worked abroad ** essential when discussing women's identities. Both "Wife" and "Jasmine," two of Bharati Mukherjee's most acclaimed books, center ** ****** ************ grappling with questions of self-definition. She has done extensive research on the warped minds of immigrant women torn between Indian culture and Western ideals. Mukherjee delves deep into her ******* to explore the layered personalities of *** characters. Her writings are taking the place of identity politics. Her books Wife and Jasmine explore the mutable identities of a diasporic woman **** time and space, from modern-day Canada and India to the United States and ******* works of literature. When thinking about American society, the **** "wife" works well to describe seemingly unrelated puzzles. *** tale vividly illustrates the far-reaching effects of cultural conflicts. It demonstrates how intercultural encounters may push a person's life to the brink of disaster. The story also explores how exposure to other cultures may alter an individual's sense of who they are as a man or a woman.
People nowadays leave their homelands in quest of greater chances elsewhere. Migrants face a wide range of difficulties as a ****** of their journeys. In today's interconnected world, it's crucial that young people learn about the challenges associated **** international relocation. Migrant women have more challenges than males due to cultural norms that place them at a disadvantage. ** is especially challenging for female immigrants to acclimatize ** life in a new nation because of the cultural, moral, and religious expectations **** carried with them from their home countries. When ** comes to discussing the issues facing women migrants, there is no more reliable source than the literature ** the diaspora. From its earliest iteration, the Indian English novel presents the cultural confrontation with *** Westerns as a driving force behind Indian Writing in English. The ******* ********* Indian English authors captivate readers throughout the world because they evoke the colonial legacy in modern society via the lens of a similar theme: cultural conflict. Several Indian Diaspora women authors depict the difficulties faced by ********* women while adjusting to their new home.
CONCLUSION
We can *** **** a ************* and extensive list of authors **** the diaspora. It's not uncommon for diaspora literature readers to encounter ******* and repulsive cultural norms in the host nation. They may learn a lot about themselves, and the world, via the book's main character and other major figures. The challenges that women experience while migrating is discussed in the current study. In ***** to successfully integrate into a *** culture, immigrants **** be ******** open to assimilation. Women in Lahiri's fiction are neither healthy or entire. However, we have tried to examine ***** characters from as many angles as possible, including their ******** ** isolation, racial and gender tensions, and the blurring of their public and private lives. The Indian diaspora literature addresses universal issues such as homesickness, loneliness, and social exclusion. These authors place a premium on establishing their ************ and addressing the perception gap between locals *** outsiders. The novel's title is a play on the reader's questioning about the meaning of the word. A child's name is a permanent part ** his or her identity. Those *** emigrated from India kept up the traditions begun by their ancestors.
REFERENCES
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