    
Miss Madhulika Tiwari1*, Dr. Satish Kumar Garg2
1 Research Scholar, APS University, Rewa (Madhya Pradesh)
2 Professor, Vivekanand College, Maihar, Satna (Madhya Pradesh)

-














,

,

,
















 




,









 













 





,




,












,





























-


,

,

,


1. 
               ,     
     ,               
         -       ''  
                 
 [1]
       -  ,         
      ,            
                   
                   
   [2]
''   
 ''        ,   ,   '' ,   
''     ' '   ,          
   19         :     
        ,  ''      
   ' 
               6 (    )
      ,        (     )  
                 
                
 ,             [3]
2.       
               (2500-1500 
)                 (
   - 11  ),  ( -12  ),  (12 -13
 )            
      ;           
        18       
       ,          
                 
              20-30  
/           1881        
     19  20         
        -    1850  1900
                 [4]
  ,         ,      
1990         ( )    
  
3.          
                   
                
            1980    
                    
                 
         .. 763 ()    
       [5]
  
               
         ,    1994    
    ,     (TIFAC),    
(DST),               ()[6]
2002         ()      
 2007     (),     ()     
                  
    ,[7]
                 
                ,  
            , , , /
      /         
          ,   
      /         
   ,            
                 
  ,   -         
      ,           
   [8]
  
       1999     ,    
  S.0.736 (E)        2003, 2007  2009  
                  
          ,      
  100                
                  
  50  [9-10]
4.     
         , /  ,     
                - 
     /         -   
            ,      /
  -       , /      
   -              
   ,                
                  
 ,   1-2              
   14        .[11]
   
                      
                 
/                 
       3  5         
 
   
     ,            
    , /             
            , /   
      /      /     
             /   
 /  , /            [12-13]
         
                  
    ,            
              ,    
               [14]
   
                   
           ,         2
        120        150-200
/2                 4-5  
               
        1-2        [15]
   
                   
         
  
5  10                  
      2      /    
 
     1-2         ,       
  14                  
          /       
   [16]
                
                 
              
       ,             
               
     ,       ,       
      ,           
                  
      14               
   [17]
5. 
                
,                
                
               
               16,000 
                   
,               ,   
     ,             
         

1. , ., , .,  , . (2019)       
: , 18, 2711-2718
2. ,  (2017)      -      
  -      , 143, 239-247
3. -, , , ,  ,  (2016)    :
,          , 111, 100260
4. , .,  , . (2018) ,          
        , 170, 516-524
5. , ., , .,  , . (2020)     :  
      , 10(7), 349-352
6. , ., , .,  , . (2022)      :  
       , 9(4), 1897-1901
7. , .,  , .. (2019)      :   
     , 8(2), 47-51
8. , . .,  , . (2018)           
             
    , 5(1), 1-7
9. , .,   , . (2019)      :    
         , 6(3), 165-169
10. , ,  ,  (2019)          :
, 18, 1762-1768
11. , .,  , . (2017)      :    
 , 276, 122147
12. , .,  , . (2020)          
     , 13(2), 67-74
13. , .,  , . (2019)         
     , 8(4), 240-243
14. , .,  , . (2020)        
       7      (. 99-
106)
15. , ., , .,  , . (2017)         
 :        , 9(1), 1-6
16. , ., , .,  , . (2021)       
      : , 46(2), 5860-5865
17. , .,  , . (2021)      :    
 - , 10(3), 213-233