Examine the Multifaceted role of police in Preventing Child offending through Proactive Measures
 
Saritha K G V1*, Dr. Rashmi Saxena2
1 Research Scholar, University of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Email: kgvsaritha@gmail.Com
2 Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Abstract - "Crime prevention" means "strategies and measures that try to lower the risk of crimes happening and their possible negative effects on people and society, such as fear of crime, by stepping in to change their many causes."1 The best way to lower crime numbers, especially crimes made by children, is to stop them from happening in the first place. Children should not be able to commit crimes because it is good for them, their families, their neighborhoods, and society as a whole. A number of international documents that deal with children include rules for keeping kids from committing crimes. The UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (1990), which are also known as the "Riyadh Guidelines," are all about keeping kids from breaking the law. About 100 years ago, the United States set up a different system for juvenile justice. Its goal was to keep young convicts out of the harmful hands of criminal courts and to help them get better by focusing on each individual's needs.
Keywords: Social Sciences, Social Sciences General, Law, Police, Criminal justice, Administration of Child abuse--Law and legislation
INTRODUCTION
A community-level crime prevention program, in which police officers work with the community as partners, is another way to describe the role of the police. At the national level, cops can come up with plans and methods to stop crime that focus on the main causes of crime. There's no question that this will lower the crime rate. Finding helpers who are always willing and able to help the police, on the other hand, relies on how people feel about police officers and how they do their jobs every day. So, it's up to the top police officials to come up with a training and capacity-building program that will help police officers from the level of policeman to the top management deal with the rising crime rate. No matter what, the main job of any police force has always been to stop and fight both new and old crimes. Over the years, they have done everything they could to lower crime in both local and national levels.
The job of police officers in preventing crime in the 20th century was carried out by three methods that helped them keep crimes under control. The police tactical plans made it clear what their jobs were when it came to controlling and preventing crime. Random protective watch is one thing that cops do to help keep people safe. While doing this job, police officers are supposed to be on watch to stop crime in a certain area. Criminals are scared away when cops are on watch because they make people feel safe.
"Crime prevention" means "strategies and measures that try to lower the risk of crimes happening and their possible negative effects on people and society, such as fear of crime, by stepping in to change their many causes."1 The best way to lower crime numbers, especially crimes made by children, is to stop them from happening in the first place. Children should not be able to commit crimes because it is good for them, their families, their neighborhoods, and society as a whole.2 A three-level plan, also known as a "prevention pyramid" (see Figure 1 and the parts that follow), can be used to stop kids from breaking the law. This campaign brief is only about stopping children from breaking the law, which means keeping kids younger than 18 from going through the child justice system as suspected criminals. Crime prevention programs for all families and children (boys and girls who have never been in trouble with the law or are not thought to be at risk of doing so) are part of the social welfare system. These programs are called primary or general crime prevention. Primary or general prevention means making sure that all children are safe and getting them help and education before problems happen. It's meant to deal with the things that lead to crime in the first place, like poverty, homelessness, unemployment, domestic violence, physical punishment, and parents who can't support and care for their kids. Crime is less likely to happen when primary and general prevention programs are in place. These programs also build community and social structures to improve the health of children and their families. Some activities could be:
A number of international documents that deal with children include rules for keeping kids from committing crimes. The UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (1990), which are also known as the "Riyadh Guidelines," are all about keeping kids from breaking the law. As stated in the guidelines, "the successful prevention of juvenile delinquency requires efforts on the part of the entire society to ensure the harmonious development of adolescents, with respect for and promotion of their personality from early childhood" (guideline 2). The United Nations Common Approach to Justice for Children (2008) says that one of its guiding principles is "Preventing conflict with the law as a crucial element of any juvenile justice policy." It also says that under Guiding Principle 7, prevention programs should focus especially on helping children and families who are especially at risk.
The UN Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence against Children in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (2014) were made to help with a broad, system-wide, and strategic approach to crime prevention and criminal justice so that violence against children can be effectively stopped and dealt with. "Member States that have not yet integrated crime prevention and children's issues into their overall rule of law efforts [are encouraged to] do so and to develop and implement a comprehensive crime prevention and justice system policy." This document also talks about kids who break the law. In General Comment No. 24 (2019) on children's rights in the child justice system, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child says that "prevention of child offending" is one of the most important parts of a full child justice strategy (paragraphs 9–12). In 2010, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe issued guidelines on child-friendly justice. These guidelines say that "in general, a preventative and reintegrating approach should be promoted and implemented in matters of juvenile justice."
LITERATURE REVIEW
Green, Rachael & Gray, Rebecca & Bryant, Joanne & Rance, Jake & MacLean, Sarah. (2019). Australia's policies on youth justice are mainly focused on their well-being and trying to keep young people out of trouble with the law. Still, some young people, especially those with a lot of needs, are locked up at a young age and have a higher chance of having bad results. Through in-depth talks with 25 police staff, this paper looks at what stops police from using alternative choices. As with other research, limitations on roles, heavy workloads, and a lack of specialized knowledge were talked about. This essay looks at how these things affect people's values, beliefs, and expectations about young criminals. Many of these were formed by negative interactions with young people and a loss of faith in the system's ability to help them change. Naturalistic decision-making research is used to figure out what part "schemas" might play in how police use their power of judgment and what real tactics might help police work with young people that is focused on their care and recovery..
Ang, Rebecca & Huan, Vivien & Chan, Wei & Cheong, Siew Ann & Leaw, Jia Ning. (2015). Since there is a strong link between gangs and crime, it is important to learn more about the factors that lead to youths reporting being in gangs. This is especially important since youths in gangs are a problem that affects everyone. Using a large sample of 1027 Singaporean teens, this study looked at how misbehavior, aggressive violence, psychopathy, and behavioral school involvement were linked to teens' claims of being in a youth gang. Logistic analysis showed that misbehavior, aggressive violence, and behavioral school involvement were all statistically significant risk factors for youth gang membership. On the other hand, psychopathy was not linked to youth gang membership. The effects on efforts to stop and help young people from joining gangs were talked about. When working with young people on prevention, it's especially important to get them more involved in school and events that are connected to school, and to build helpful relationships between teachers and students. The theory and observational insights of this work were also talked about. The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents owns the copyright for this work until 2015.
Miller, Amalia & Segal, Carmit (2019) We examine the influence of incorporating women into the U.S. police force from the late 1970s to the early 1990s on the reporting of violent crimes and incidents of domestic abuse (DV). Through an analysis of these two crucial factors, we discovered that female cops had a positive impact on the overall quality of policing. Analysis of crime victimization data demonstrates a positive correlation between the presence of female officers in a given location and an increase in the reporting of violent crimes against women, particularly domestic violence incidents, to the police. Violent offenses against males do not result in any such consequences, nor do increases in the proportion of female civilian police workers. Moreover, there is a notable correlation between the rise in the proportion of female officers and a substantial decrease in the occurrence of intimate partner murder and non-fatal domestic violence. All the impacts remain consistent across fixed effects models that include controls for economic and policy factors, as well as models that specifically examine the impact of increased female police employment resulting from externally mandated affirmative action programs after lawsuit for employment discrimination.
Meba, Boyke & Ismansyah, Ismansyah (2019) The presence of lawful substances, organizational frameworks, and societal norms plays a crucial role in achieving comprehensive law enforcement, which in turn fosters social well-being, justice, legal certainty, and the advantages of a legal system. In order to achieve comprehensive law enforcement, the government has implemented a range of legislative policies as a normative framework to address crime, via the use of either punitive or non-punitive measures. Nevertheless, the legislative rules fail to effectively curb the incidence of sexual abuse due to a multitude of factors. Given the aforementioned issue, it is intriguing to examine the specific aspects of law enforcement pertaining to sexual abuse and the measures taken to address this problem.
Haake, Ulrika (2018) This research seeks to analyze and explore the factors that contribute to gender equality in police leadership. This study was conducted by conducting interviews with 28 sworn police commanders in Sweden, and used a "doing gender" approach for analysis. The findings indicate that both women and, to a larger degree, men in positions of police leadership adhere to established gender norms. Explanations for the scarcity of female leaders and approaches for enhancing the representation of women in leadership positions tend to either emphasize women as persons (predominantly males) or organizational structure and culture (predominantly women). In addition, an in-depth analysis is conducted on tactics aimed at achieving gender equality objectives. These tools might be used to foster tangible initiatives promoting diversity and equality inside police and other organizations. The discussion is on the potential of quantitative gender equality efforts, which aim to increase the representation of females in leadership roles, to bring about changes in qualitative gender equality. This refers to the process of adopting new norms to transform experiences of inclusion and exclusion in respect to gender.
THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
About 100 years ago, the United States set up a different system for juvenile justice. The goal was to keep young convicts out of the harmful sentences of criminal courts and to help them get better by focusing on each individual's needs. In many ways, this system was going to be different from criminal or adult court. It was to focus on the kid or teen as a person who needs help, not on the crime that got them in trouble with the law. The procedures were casual, and the judge in youth court had a lot of freedom to make decisions. Adults have rights like the right to a lawyer, the right to know the charges against them, the right to a trial by jury, and the right to face their attacker. These rights were not needed for the judge because he or she had to act in the best interests of the child. The public was not allowed to watch juvenile court hearings, and juvenile records were to be kept secret so as not to get in the way of the child or teen's ability to get better and rejoin society. The words used in youth court made these differences stand out. Juveniles are not charged with crimes but with delinquencies. They are not found guilty but are judged delinquents. Instead of going to jail, they are sent to a training school or reformatory.
In real life, there was always a conflict between social welfare and social control. That is, focusing on what was best for each child versus punishing, isolating, and protecting society from certain crimes. This strain has changed over time and is very different from one place to another, but it is still there today.As violent crime rose in the 1980s, states made changes to their juvenile justice systems. These changes, especially to those that deal with serious crimes, put more emphasis on punishment, accountability, and public safety. They have rejected traditional concerns for diversion and rehabilitation in favor of a tough approach to juvenile crime and punishment.
The 17 states that changed the purpose clause of their juvenile courts to focus on public safety, guarantee of penalties, and criminal responsibility (Torbet and Szymanski, 1998) are an example of this shift from healing the person to punishing the act. Thinking that the youth justice system is not harsh enough on offenders, who are seen as a threat to public safety on par with adult offenders, is a big part of this shift in focus..
ROLE OF POLICE IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENTOF JUVELINE DELINQUENCY
Juvenile crime needs to be stopped by preventing the things that make kids do bad things. They make mistakes, get excited, and don't act in a way that is expected of them. First, we should figure out what's wrong with these young people and then help them. If you don't stop them from committing the crime in time, they will become a repeat criminal. If someone is sick and is taken to the doctor for care, it is the doctor's job to figure out what is wrong and treat the patient accordingly. That would be a big problem for him if he didn't get treatment right away. If the treatment doesn't work, his or her end is certain. This means that a child who does something wrong should be mainly or quickly stopped. If nothing is done to stop him, he will become a repeat criminal one day, and no amount of effort will be able to stop him. This is why prevention is important or they need to be properly managed. As a result, these kids learn how to fit in with the social groups they are a part of.
Role of Police
There is a difference between the Police and the Juvenile Court. The Police follow the rules and ideas of the Juvenile Court who they work with. The police pick up and arrest all the bad kids, but only about half are sent to the juvenile court. The other half are to be dealt with by the police themselves, and the police decide which kids will be dealt with and how. Police officers also do a lot of other things besides keeping the peace. For example, they often come across children on the streets and in other places where their main job is to keep them safe. Cavan, Ruth Shonle, Theodare, and Ferdianand.
Law Enforcement
The police's main job is to make sure the rules are followed. The duty could include. Interfering with crime is different from stopping a crime. As part of their job, the cops should check out places where illegal activities are going on and kids are being tricked into taking part in them. The law gives the cops the power to arrest minors who are involved in crimes and misbehavior. Those young people who are drunk, girls who are looking for girls on the streets late at night, boys who are found trying to lock doors and windows, and people who are acting out and fighting should all be caught right away and given harsh punishments according to the rules so that they don't do these things again.
Juvenile attitude towards the police
The teenager's attitude toward the cops is a scary drug. A police officer is supposed to be a friend..
Police attitude toward the Juvenile
As the saying goes, the cops should be like friends. In other words, the cops should be nice to the juvenile. It should be a positive attitude, not a negative one. There are also claims that the way police feel about juveniles is affected by the stresses of being a teenager and the needs of the police job. It has been said that 50 to 75% of police officers work. in some way or another effects childhood. “Bartollas and Miller” say that when dealing with juveniles, police officers should be able to tell the difference between dangerous, hard-core offenders and harmless offenders. They say that police should be strict with dangerous and hard-core offenders but not so strict with harmless offenders. Due to the stress that teens and young adults put on police officers and the nature of their job, it seems likely that police officers would be very angry at the law and break it with minors. Walter Miller, who is in charge of keeping youth gangs safe across the country, doesn't think this is true.
CONCLUSION
There's no question that this will lower the crime rate. Finding helpers who are always willing and able to help the police, on the other hand, relies on how people feel about police officers and how they do their jobs every day. So, it's up to the top police officials to come up with a training and capacity-building program that will help police officers from the level of policeman to the top management deal with the rising crime rate. No matter what, the main job of any police force has always been to stop and fight both new and old crimes. Over the years, they have done everything they could to lower crime in both local and national levels.
The job of police officers in preventing crime in the 20th century was carried out by three methods that helped them keep crimes under control. The police tactical plans made it clear what their jobs were when it came to controlling and preventing crime. Random protective watch is one thing that cops do to help keep people safe. While doing this job, police officers are supposed to be on watch to stop crime in a certain area. Criminals are scared away when cops are on watch because they make people feel safe. About 100 years ago, the United States set up a different system for juvenile justice. The goal was to keep young convicts out of the harmful sentences of criminal courts and to help them get better by focusing on each individual's needs. The procedures were casual, and the judge in youth court had a lot of freedom to make decisions. Because the judge had to look out for the child's best interests, protections for the process that adults have, like the right to a lawyer, the right to know what charges are being brought against them, the right to a trial by jury, and the right to face their attacker, were not needed.
REFERENCE
  1. Green, Rachael & Gray, Rebecca & Bryant, Joanne & Rance, Jake & MacLean, Sarah. (2019). Police decision-making with young offenders: Examining barriers to the use of diversion options. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 53. 000486581987973. 10.1177/0004865819879736.
  2. Ang, Rebecca & Huan, Vivien & Chan, Wei & Cheong, Siew Ann & Leaw, Jia Ning. (2015). The role of delinquency, proactive aggression, psychopathy and behavioral school engagement in reported youth gang membership. Journal of adolescence. 41. 148-156. 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.03.010.
  3. Partum, Robert, (1971). Changing Adolescent Attitude towards Police, Cincinnati W.H. Anderson Company. Hearly, W. and Bmanner, A Delinquent & Criminals’ their Making and Unmaking, p. 179.
  4. Miller, Amalia & Segal, Carmit. (2019). Do Female Officers Improve Law Enforcement Quality? Effects on Crime Reporting and Domestic Violence. The Review of Economic Studies. 86. 2220-2247. 10.1093/restud/rdy051.
  5. Meba, Boyke & Ismansyah, Ismansyah & Zurnetti, Aria. (2019). Law Enforcement For Sexual Abuse Committed By Children Against Children. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding. 6. 1005. 10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1156.
  6. Kaur, Prit. (2019). Rising Cyber Violence against Women and Girls (CVAWG): Preparedness of Women Police Stations in India and Cyber Units in Police Stations in United States of America.
  7. Haake, Ulrika. (2018). Conditions for gender equality in police leadership – making way for senior police women. Police Practice and Research. 19. 241-252. 10.1080/15614263.2017.1300772.
  8. Chellappa, Sivapriya & Subhashini, S. & Preetha, S. (2018). Women safety in digital India -A prime agenda for the society. 7. 1091-1096.
  9. Hobson, Jonathan & Lynch, Kenneth & Payne, Brian & Ellis, Liz. (2018). Are Police-Led Social Crime Prevention Initiatives Effective?: A Process and Outcome Evaluation of a UK Youth Intervention. International Criminal Justice Review. 31. 105756771881489. 10.1177/1057567718814891.
  10. Ohidujjaman, Md & Mehrab, Arm. (2017). The Role of Problem Oriented Proactive Policing in Preventing Crime: A Study on Dhaka District Police. 22. 1-09. 10.9790/0837-2209070109.
  11. Mengo, Cecilia & Small, Eusebius & Black, Beverly. (2017). Intimate Partner Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies Among Women Seeking Help From the Police. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 36. 088626051772940. 10.1177/0886260517729402.