Explore different community policing strategies implemented by law Enforcement agencies to Empower Women
 
Saritha K G V1*, Dr. Rashmi Saxena2
1 Research Scholar, University of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Email: kgvsaritha@gmail.Com
2 Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Abstract - Community policing is the collaboration between the police and the general public or community which detects the problems in the society and solves those problems and also, it’s a joint vigilance on forthcoming anti-social elements in the society. The use of unnecessary force and arrogance, aloofness, or rudeness at any level of the agency will reduce the willingness of community members to ally themselves with the police. The effective mobilization of community support requires different approaches in different communities. It's essential to address societal perceptions and stereotypes that may discourage women from considering a career in law enforcement. Education and awareness campaigns should be launched to challenge these stereotypes and showcase the diverse roles and opportunities available within the police force. Community Policing is being an very effective instrument in controlling crime in the modern society. Many of the developing countries like India and other developed countries are adopting Community Policing system, not only adopting and practicing, but in some places Community Policing is taken over and replaced the regular traditional policing system.
Keywords: Empowerment, Empower women, Empowerment women police, Gender Equality, Leadership, Abilities, Skills.
INTRODUCTION
Community policing is the collaboration between the police and the general public or community which detects the problems in the society and solves those problems and also it’s a joint vigilance on forthcoming anti-social elements in the society. In community policing only police are no longer having the responsibility of maintain the law and order, but all the members of the community or society also become the active associates in the attempt to improve or develop safety and security of the society and in improving the quality of living. It is found on close, mutually beneficial ties between police and people. Community policing has far-reaching implications. The expanded outlook on crime control and prevention, the new emphasis on making community members active participants in the process of problem solving, and the patrol officers’ pivotal role in community policing require profound changes within the police organization. The neighbor-hood patrol officer, backed by the police organization, helps community members mobilizes support and resources to solve problems and enhance their quality of life. Community members voice their concerns, contribute advice, and take action to address these concerns. Creating a constructive partnership will require the energy, creativity, understanding, and patience of all involved. Police must treat people with respect and sensitivity to build this trust for an effective community partnership.
The use of unnecessary force and arrogance, aloofness, or rudeness at any level of the agency will reduce the willingness of community members to ally themselves with the police. The effective mobilization of community support requires different approaches in different communities. Establishing trust and obtaining cooperation are often easier in middle-class and affluent communities than in poorer communities, where mistrust of police may have a long history. Building bonds in some neighborhoods may involve supporting basic social institutions (e.g., families, churches, schools, government and private institutes, banks etc) that have been weakened by pervasive crime or disorder. The creation of viable communities is necessary if lasting alliances that nurture cooperative efforts are to be sustained. Under community policing, the police become both catalysts and facilitators in the development of these communities.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Adhha, Nurul & Jahar, Asep (2021) This research seeks to demonstrate the vulnerability of women to violence at different levels in Indonesia and Cairo. Both nations have a shared deficiency in safeguarding women, mostly owing to the inadequate performance of the police and municipal administrations. Furthermore, cultural values and religious comprehension have contributed to focusing the attention on safeguarding. Indonesia has established legal mechanisms to safeguard women against abuse, namely via gender-based laws and policies. In reality, the implementation of these laws and regulations has encountered several intricacies pertaining to the characteristics of institutions, the role of security, and societal norms. Violence against women is often seen as ethical and social transgressions rather than legal offenses. The inadequacy of law enforcement in some aspects highlights the inefficacy of the current laws and practices. Similarly, Egypt likewise has the issue of inadequate measures to protect women from assault. The implementation of legislative reforms to safeguard women in this nation was enacted in 2014 via a dedicated constitutional amendment. This constitution is the first legislation designed to advance the position and influence of women in both personal and societal matters. Furthermore, it seeks to provide equitable rights and responsibilities in safeguarding women, devoid of any kind of prejudice, while also empowering and providing support to women and girls who have been victimized at different phases of the legal process. 
Varghese, Titty (2021) Kerala, an Indian state, is well recognized for its comprehensive progress in several indices, including human development, equality, and education. Still, government initiatives to eliminate violence against girls and women fall short of their goals. There were 9,381 recorded incidents of violence against women in Kerala in 2007. As of October 2020, this number had risen to 10,124, and by the end of 2019, it had risen to 13,925. In 1997, the state formed a vigilance committee under the direction of the Kerala Women's Commission with the aim of preventing all types of crimes against women. Within each Local Self Government (Panchayat), there is a vigilant committee called Jagratha Samithi in Malayalam. That is why the Jagratha Samithi (JS) is the centre of attention here. The objective of the research is to ascertain the specific responsibilities and functions of the JS (Juvenile Services) within a panchayat, with the purpose of mitigating instances of violence against women and children. Using a qualitative study design, this research interviews 40 elected male and female delegates from 35 panchayats in one district of Kerala to compile primary data. The report highlights the vital function of the Jagratha Samithi, a panchayat body, in combating crimes committed against women and girls. Nevertheless, society fails to provide enough support for its goal.
Tripathi, Saumya (2020) The purpose of this study was to look at how Indian police officers' attitudes on gender equality relate to their patriarchal beliefs. Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India was the site of a cross-sectional survey that used convenience and systematic random sample techniques. The study included 190 police officers. The poll gathered data on patriarchal ideologies, attitudes towards gender equality, and other socio-demographic factors such as age, education, gender, job experience, working hours, location of residence, and family structure. Patriarchal attitudes were predicted using multiple linear regressions, with perceptions of gender equality serving as the independent variable. Police personnel had strong patriarchal beliefs and maintained unfair notions about the gender roles of women. Controlling for important sociodemographic factors, A statistically significant correlation between police officers' patriarchal beliefs and their perspectives on gender equality was found in a multiple linear regression study. According to these findings, in order for police to better assist women, there needs to be more female officers and gender-inclusive training for all officers. For police officers with long-standing patriarchal views towards women, gender-sensitive interventions may be the key to bringing about good change, hence mitigating the barriers that hinder women from effectively lodging gender-based complaints.
Fine, Adam & Simmons, Cortney (2020) The purpose of this study is to use statistical methods to examine mediation in general and the role of youth perceptions of police as mediators in particular. Using a sample of 1,216 first-time juvenile offenders from diverse racial and ethnic origins, this study sought to determine whether the perception of police discrimination and the CoS mediate the association between ETV and violent criminal behaviour. The results suggest that ETV is directly linked to engaging in violent criminal behavior, but it also has an indirect influence via individuals' views of biased treatment by the police and the sense of community support. Nevertheless, the CoS proved to be a more influential intermediary compared to public opinions of the police. Overall, these findings suggest that ETV is directly linked to engaging in aggressive behavior, but its impact is also mediated by the CoS. Overall, the findings demonstrate the intricate influence of attitudes of law enforcement and the criminal justice system in elucidating the occurrence of violent criminal behavior among teenage boys engaged in the judicial system. While partially supporting Anderson's idea, the indirect channel had a lesser impact than expected. Therefore, in line with existing research on the cycle of violence, the findings suggest that the factors that explain why being exposed to violence might result in engaging in violent behavior seem to be diverse and not just determined by a single attribute such as attitudes of law enforcement or the criminal justice system.
Nayak, Ramesh (2019) Domestic violence is a conflict within our society, caused by the devaluation of the offenders due to an imbalance of power led by masculinity. The degradation of its silhouette is deteriorating, despite the increasing efforts of the government and civic society to tackle the issue. Currently, women are being recruited into law enforcement to address instances of misconduct that specifically involve women and children. For instances of domestic violence, they address the issues by providing counseling to both the victims and the offenders. To achieve an undefeated strategy in this matter, it is necessary to strategically prioritize the psychological and social responsibilities within police training.

EMPOWERING WOMEN IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

Addressing the cohort, Dr Jeremy Milsom, UNODC Representative, Pakistan, said, "Security, protection and assistance needs of men and women are different. It makes a safer society when the security needs of both groups are addressed. The best police service considers this and opts to be accessible and approachable and builds trust within the community they serve. Women represent more than 50 per cent of the global population, so, naturally, women should be equally represented in law enforcement organizations. However, the fact is that currently, only 2 per cent of police officers in Pakistan are women. These coaching sessions provided by UNODC seek to ensure those female officers have solid investigative skills and determination to uphold the rule of law. And that they have the required expertise and confidence to deal with complex human trafficking and migrant smuggling cases.
During the session, Ashraf Zubair Siddique, Additional Director General Immigration, FIA,  also delivered remarks. The ADG appreciated the efforts by UNODC in arranging the coaching series and appraised the dedication and commitment of officers from the police and Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) in combatting human trafficking. Mr Siddique pointed out that the coaching provided by UNODC, under the framework of the GLO.ACT project provides female officers with opportunities to build their capacity regarding specialized investigative techniques. He noted that, before this 3rd session, "female officers received a week-long training followed by 2 coaching sessions. These activities have allowed our female officers to enhance their skills and build confidence. In the past, they had limited access to such training opportunities.
During his opening remarks, Ovidiu MiC, Head of Cooperation, EU Delegation, Pakistan, said, "Women empowerment and gender equality are part and parcel of the EU's priorities and policies. This coaching session aligns with our policies and priority. These sessions aim to provide you with elements that will enhance interpersonal, communication, analytical, critical thinking, and leadership skills. We hope that the session will also give you technical knowledge of human trafficking and migrant smuggling. We are delighted to be part of the government's efforts in combatting trafficking in human beings."
Over two days, participants shared their experiences and highlighted the challenges they face daily. They shared case studies emphasizing the complexity of conducting quality investigations leading to successful prosecution and victim protection and assistance issues. Group work allowed the cohort to identify and share operational level issues and challenges and identify solutions with the coaches' support.
The project builds on a global community of practice set in motion in GLO.ACT 2015-2019 and assists governmental authorities and civil society organizations in targeted, innovative, and demand-driven interventions: sustaining effective strategy and policy development, legislative review and harmonization, capability development, and regional and trans-regional cooperation. The project also provides direct assistance to victims of human trafficking and vulnerable migrants through the strengthening of identification, referral, and protection mechanisms. The project is fully committed to mainstreaming Human Rights and Gender Equality considerations across all of its activities.
CONCLUSION
It's essential to address societal perceptions and stereotypes that may discourage women from considering a career in law enforcement. Education and awareness campaigns should be launched to challenge these stereotypes and showcase the diverse roles and opportunities available within the police force. Steps like the Providing reservation to women in legislatures can set a precedent for increasing women's representation in various fields, including the police force. It can serve as an inspiration for policymakers and authorities to take concrete steps in this direction.
Community Policing is being an very effective instrument in controlling crime in the modern society. Many of the developing countries like India and other developed countries are adopting Community Policing system, not only adopting and practicing, but in some places Community Policing is taken over and replaced the regular traditional policing system. After going through the review of literatures and the study done in the present research work, we can say that by the effective implementation of the Community Policing system in the society we can control crime rate I the society with the help of civilians police officials can easily carry out their duty. In our society people think that only police department do their duty to maintain law and order, maintain peace and harmony in the society, but sometimes general people also play a vital role of police officers to protect their life and property from the intruders.
In the present study we saw that relation between community policing and citizens in Bengaluru is good people and police very happy and satisfied with the initiation of the community policing in Bengaluru, NGO Janagraha is playing a vital role in implementation of community policing in Bengaluru city. With the help of Janagraha now there is a better understanding between police and community. Police have experienced that Community co-operation is good and people are behaving positively towards police and people are also not hesitant or afraid of police to approach police or to go and be part of Community Policing. Overall implementation of Community Policing had bought a good difference in the city and people and police say that community policing system is a successful venture and its been a best tool ever in the reduction in crime rate.
REFERENCE
  1. Adhha, Nurul & Jahar, Asep & Kamarusdiana, Kamarusdiana & Subchi, Imam. (2021). Strategies and Challenges for Women Protection against Violence: A Case Study of Jakarta and Cairo. Jurnal Humaniora. 33. 50. 10.22146/jh.58912.
  2. Varghese, Titty. (2021). Panchayat Jagratha Samithi role on Violence against Women and Children in Kerala. Public Policy and Administration. 20. 70-84. 10.5755/j01.ppaa.20.1.28262.
  3. Tripathi, Saumya. (2020). Patriarchal beliefs and perceptions towards women among Indian police officers: A study of Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Police Science & Management. 22. 146135572090561. 10.1177/1461355720905612.
  4. Fine, Adam & Simmons, Cortney & Cavanagh, Caitlin & Rowan, Zachary & Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2020). Implications of Youths’ Perceptions of Police Bias and the Code of the Street for Violent Offending. Psychology of Violence. 10. 10.1037/vio0000286.
  5. Nayak, Ramesh. (2019). The Role of Women Police in Settling Domestic Violence Gases through Counselling and the Need Ahead: The Empirical Evidence from Odisha. XXXV. 192-209.
  6. Natarajan, Mangai. (2014). Police Culture and the Integration of Women Officers in India. International Journal of Police Science & Management. 16. 124-139. 10.1350/ijps.2014.16.2.333.
  7. Strom, Kevin & Warner, Tara & Tichavsky, Lisa & Zahn, Margaret. (2014). Policing Juveniles: Domestic Violence Arrest Policies, Gender, and Police Response to Child–Parent Violence. Crime &amp Delinquency. 60. 427-450. 10.1177/0011128710376293.
  8. Prakapienė, Dalia & Prakapas, Romas. (2014). A Model of Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency through Collaboration: the Assumption of Social Security.
  9. Langos, Colette. (2013). Policing young people: can the notion of police legitimacy play a role?. Institute of Justice and International Studies. 13.
  10. Prenzler, Tim & Sinclair, Georgina. (2013). The status of women police officers: An international review. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. 41. 115-131. 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2012.12.001.
  11. Sekaran, Srinivasan & Ponnuswami, Ilango. (2013). Socio-Economic Condition of Women Police. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.2389348.
  12. Domburgh, Lieke & Doreleijers, Theo & Geluk, Charlotte & Vermeiren, Robert. (2011). Correlates of self-reported offending in children with a first police contact from distinct socio-demographic and ethnic groups. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health. 5. 22. 10.1186/1753-2000-5-22.
  13. Kuoppamäki, Sanna & Kääräinen, Juha & Ellonen, Noora. (2011). Physical Violence Against Children Reported to the Police: Discrepancies Between Register-Based Data and Child Victim Survey. Violence and victims. 26. 257-68. 10.1891/0886-6708.26.2.257.
  14. Sabat, sn & Mishra, Sunita. (2010). Role of women in the management of police organisation: a paradigm shift. International Journal of Learning and Change. 4. 365-377. 10.1504/IJLC.2010.038770.
  15. Cattaneo, Lauren. (2010). The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Interactions with Police Among a National Sample of Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence. American journal of community psychology. 45. 247-58. 10.1007/s10464-010-9297-x.