Impact of variable concentrations of sulphur dioxide exposure on biochemical contents in lens culinaris l.

- The effect of Sulphur di oxide gas on crop production as well as physiological and biotic dynamics at both the individual and community scale. pulses are a remarkable source of protein in India. Plant variety that produces legume such as lentil and dry pea are negatively affected by the existence of Sulphur dioxide causing in decrease in their whole production. In present work biochemical content extracted from lentil plant leaves treated with various concentration of SO 2 and prepared sample were exposed to a range of light having various wavelength and interpreted using a Spectrophotometer and calculation of chlorophyll a and b applying Arnon method (1949). It was observed that biochemical content chlorophyll and also carotenoid was higher in low concentration and depleted gradually with higher concentration.


INRTODUCTION
Air pollution refers to the introduction of dangerous compounds in to the atmosphere, resulting in contamination that poses risks to the health of people & other living organisms, causing damage to the environment and materials (Ozkara et al., 2016).The phenomenon being referred to is the alteration of the natural characteristics of the atmosphere by the introduction of chemical activity, physical agents, or biological agents, whether in indoor or outdoor environments (Tham et al., 2016).A wide range of air pollutants may be identified, including several categories of gases (Sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide), particles both organic and inorganic, as well as molecules (Rawat., 2020).Sulphur dioxide is a significant main pollutant.Volcanic eruptions serve as a primary natural source of Sulphur dioxide (SO2).
According to Khalaf et al., 2022, the combustion of fossil fuels by power plants & industries, mining operations, metal extraction from ore, transportation activities, ships, and locomotives are among the anthropogenic sources of Sulphur dioxide (SO2).According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the primary contributor to this pollutant is from burning of fossil fuels inside power plants and industrial facilities.The issue of this pollutant is particularly prevalent in developing nations that are now experiencing fast industrialization.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Sulphur di oxide is an odoriferous, colorless, and chemically reactive air contaminant.This gaseous substance has the Potential to pose a risk to the well-being of humans, animals, and plant species.Muriefah & Al-Jwaizea (2004) observed the impact of Sulphur di oxide exposure on wheat and barley seedlings.SO2 was applied at 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 ppm for two hrs.They observed sharp reduction in chlorophyll, carotene, proteins and carbohydrate.Govind et al. (2002) observed the impact of Sulphur di oxide exposure on biochemical contents in Raphanus sativus and recorded the significant deduction in chlorophyll-a and b, and chlorophyll a/b ratio.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The present work Lens culinaris seeds were purchased from certified company.These seeds were seeding appropriate size of polythene bags.plants were fumigated after 20 days of germination with selected concentration of Sulphur dioxide.The fumigation of plants was carried out in fumigation chamber made by with the help of aluminum frame and Perspex sheet.The appropriate concentration of Sulphur di oxide was made of Singh and Rao method (1979).Sulphur di oxide was produced by using Rao and LeBlanc Method (1966).chlorophyll content was measured by the using spectrophotometer at 480nm, 645nm, 663nm.Chlorophyll content was estimated three times during investigation phase.Assessment and Calculation of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was calculated using by Arnon method (1949).To assessment the effect of different concentrations of Sulphur dioxide five set were made and one set kept as control set and other four set treated with appropriate concentration.The lentil plants were exposed 4 hours a day to relevant concentration of SO2 and proceed up to 60 days of plant age.

DISCUSSION
Sulphur dioxide is a significant main pollutant, phytotoxicant and dangerous for the plant.Sulphur dioxide influence the plants in various aspects for example variation in morphological and biochemical nature.Keeping this view, the present work was undertaken to assess the impact of Sulphur dioxide on biochemical contents in Lens culinaris under variable concentrations of Sulphur dioxide exposure.When Sulphur dioxide treatments in lentil were found to be hazardous even at lower concentration.
Reduction of photosynthetic pigments depend on Sulphur di oxide concentration exposure and duration.When the raising concentration of SO2 and duration chlorophyll contents were more reduced.

of variable concentrations of sulphur dioxide exposure on biochemical contents in lens culinaris l.
Verma & Agrawal (2000) reported the impact of SO2 on growth, yield and chlorophyll content in rice.Verma & Agrawal (2000)investigated the interactive effects of Sulphur di oxide and mineral nutrient Impact