Role of Ngo’S In India

Sirsa is said to be one of the oldest places of North India and its ancient name was Sairishaka, which finds mention in Mahabharata, Panini's Ashatadhayayi and Divyavadan in Mahabharata, Sairishaka is described as being taken by Nakula in his conquest of the western quarter. It must have been a flourising city in the 5th century B. C. as it has been mentioned by Panini. According to local tradition, an unknown king named Saras founded the town in 7th century A. D. and built a fort. The material remains of this ancient fort can still be seen in the South-East of the present town. It is about 5 kilometers in circuit. According to another tradition, the name has its origin from the sacred river Saraswati which once flowed near it. During medieval period, the town was known as Sarsuti. It has been mentioned as Sarsuti by a number of medieval historians. The derivation of name Sirsa is also attributed to the abundance of siris trees [Albizia lebbock (Benth)] in the neighbourhood of Sirsa which seems quite plausible for it finds some corroboration also in Panini and his commentator. In ancient period, Sirsa was also known as Sirsapattan. The Sirsa district which comprised three tehsils of Sirsa, Dabwali and Fazilka was abolished and Sirsa tehsil (consisting of 199 villages) and 126 villages of Dabwali tehsil formed one tehsil and the same was merged in the Hisar district and the rest of the portion was transferred to the Firozpur district (Punjab). There was no change till the independence of the country except that a village was transferred from Sirsa tehsilto the then state of Bikaner of 1906.

A Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) is anyassociation having a definite cultural, economic,educational, religious or social cause or any non-profitvoluntary citizens group which is organised aroundspecific issues, such as education, environmentalconservation, social welfare, rural developmentsanitation, healthcare or human rights, on a local,national or international level. The World Bank definesNGOs as "private organisations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interests of the poor,protect the environment, provides basic socialservices, or undertake community development. NGOsinclude an array of groups and institutions that areentirely or largely independent of government andcharacterised primarily by humanitarian or cooperative, rather than commercial objectives". According to aWorld Bank key document, the term NGO can beapplied to any non-profit organisation, which is entirelyor largely independent from government and exists toserve humanitaria1 social or cultural interests either of their memberships or of social as a who1e. NGOs aretypically value-based organizations, which depend,wholly or in part, on charitable donations and voluntary service. Although, the NGO sector has becomeincreasingly professionalised over the last twodecades, principles of altruism and voluntarism remainkey defining characteristics (Muthupandian, 2006)1. Volunteerism, defined as a voluntary spirit of

Available online at www.ignited.in Page 2

individuals and communities to make interventions for community good, has played significant role in shaping the human civilization at each stage of its growth. Voluntary organisations have been generally defined as voluntary, autonomous, Non-Profit Organisations or groups of citizens established to address various issues/problems and disadvantages in the society. The term 'Volunteer' in normally used to denote someone who others unpaid service to a good cases. Voluntary organisation ensures collective action with division of responsibilities and relieving the members from the unlimited financial responsibilities. Voluntary organisations, thus, can be said as an organisation which is initiated spontaneously at least at the level of persons who fom1 it and governed by members without any external control and compulsion (Fadia et. aI, 2008)2. The sustainable organization is to be viewed from the context of a "social organization" or a voluntary organization or a Non Government Organization or popularly identified as charity or civil service organization. Commercial and profitable activity or service is not envisaged. If at all commercial or profitable activities are undertaken, the profit accrues to the organization and not to individuals and to this effect the organization copes with the law of the land for safeguards. A sustainable organization is one, which is able to remain in existence for long, delivering the same or better level and quality of service, enduring and withstanding hardships, moving along its declared mission and striving towards the vision set (Mathew, 2008)3. NGO/NPOs provide much needed services to their respective communities, and thorough planning during the start-up process is crucial to develop an effective and professional organization that is able to meet the myrid challenges faced by the world today. There are many classifications of NGO/NPOs as determined by individual country's laws and regulations, including co-ops, credit unions, societies, people's organizations or community groups etc. The classification can also designate NGO/NPOs as religious, charitable, educational, scientific, literary or other organizations. These organizations may qualify for income tax exemption, or other financial benefits. Regional and local tax exemptions may also apply on a region by region basis.

Pagaria (2006) viewed that Non-Governmental organizations play a vital role in bringing the under privileged and least-advantaged to the common streamof the society. With the passage of time, there hasbeen a big increase in their physical as well asfinancial activities. Their presence has also increasedfrom the national to the international level and thesource of funds has also diversified from privatedonations to international funding agencies. Grewal (2007)43 stated that India can learn from acrossthe Radcliff line. Unable to cope with the growing need of educating the young in Pakistan, several NGOs,some even with their own funding have come up withinnovative ideas and schemes raising levels of literacyin the Islamic State. Unable to achieve a 100 per centenrolment in primary education, Pakistan has recordeda 50 percent dropout rate, meaning thereby that half of the students who join a school drop out beforecompleting class V. This happens despite providingfree education till primary classes as a constitutionalobligation of the government. An NGO Pulse Reportreleased by Lahore University of ManagementSciences (LUMS) and McGill University (Canada) saysmost NGOs were clear that their role was not toreplace the government, but 10 ensure that thegovernment effectively covered the educational needs.In other words the independent NGOs act as pointerfor the government. Gopisetti and Venkateshwarlu (2008)44 has advocatedthat Self Help Group (SHG) is a mechanism to extendmutual help and support through sharing ideas,experiences. information, other services andresources. The groups may be viewed as a process oran institution for socio-economic transformation leadingto empowerment of the rural poor. It is worth to notethat access to financial services is a basic objective of SHGs and may be a dominating one. However, they arebasically credit plus groups; Credit plus implies thatapart from credit facility, other activities related toeconomic business and social development are alsoundertaken with equal emphasis, The main thrust ofthe Self Help Group's scheme is helping and promotingself-employment among the rural poor. The schemealso envisages skill training to take up differentproduction activities. These activities enhance theeconomic and social self-reliance, Ramesh (2004)-t5 has advocated that improvingconditions for independent and less stressful workinglives NGOs can explore ways in which childcareprovision can be improved. This can be local actionand organising a childcare centre or lobbying tochange government policy on childcare. Lack ofchildcare is one of the reasons women have to leavepaid work and one of the main reasons why they take

Available online at www.ignited.in Page 3

up home working but also one the reasons why working at home is difficult-one cannot do two jobs at once. NGOs that work with women workers have a pivotal role to play in three district ways: They can help women organise as workers: how they do this depends entirely on the women themselves, their present position, their level of awareness and their most pressing problems. They can provide background support by providing legal or technical information and training. They can help workers and their representative's plan a strategy for organising NGOs have shown themselves to be dynamic actors in defense of the rights of women workers. Where there is no trade union, or where the union will not or cannot defend its women members, NGOs mediate on behalf of workers with the employer and with state.

In view of exploratory research carried out by collecting information from the knowledgeable persons and review the existing literature, the following hypotheses have been developed: H1: All NGOs in Sirsa are performing best. H2: All NGOs have sound financial position. Initially, study used exploratory design to get the objectives clearly defined and to formulate the hypotheses. Afterwards, the research used descriptive design by forming a structured questionnaire and surveying the NGOs.

The NGO sector has noble intentions of serving the society but healthy finances among other things are a critical component for the success of this sector. The present section is on conclusions, which are as under: 1. Most of the NGOs are working in Sirsa as mean value is 1.03 favours '1' and they are not interested to do the work for betterment or welfare as mean value is 1.5 favours '2' continuum. 2. Maximum NGOs are working in urban areas for uplifting the society (x=1.03) whereas, they are working less in rural areas (x=1.1). 3. Most of the NGOs not having any Self Help Groups (SHGs) as the mean value 1.73 favours the '2' continuum for 'no' response. Statistically, it is found that there is a significant difference among the NGOswith regard to SHGs. Consequently, the firsthypothesis may be accepted that there is significantdifference among the NGOs for their SHGs. 4. The mean values for active male and femalemembers are 12.67 and 3.2 respectively shows that theparticipation of active male members is more thanfemale members. 5. In the case of passive members the meanvalues for male and female arc 4.9 and 2.3respectively also depict the dominance of male inNGOs. 6. As far as staff is concerned, the mean value formale staffs is also more than the mean value forfemale i.e. 23.63 as compare to female mean i.e.5.47.Mostly NGOs are financed themselves in terms ofdonation as well as membership fee (x =1.03) andx=1.1) respectively. 7. The provision of finance on the part ofGovernment is just negligible (x=1.53). 8. Most of NGOs are much busy in the conduct ofprogrammes and help to needy persons followed bydonation.

Always keep in mind, "Never work without reward andnever expect reward without work". This should be themotive of everybody's life. Then your efforts will proveicing and the cake for the NGOs. Try to put life andsoul in work and lay put all the best efforts for whichthe social work has been started. Never acclaimpoliticians for grinding own axe, or just for the nameand fame of the NGOs, only then the NGOs can fetchsuccess to attain its entity in the world and surely turnover a new leaf. Eagerness in work is essential andone should not be aggression even in crucialcircumstances. Always try to finish the work that isbeing started and for this there is a need to get wedded to the matter and also try to endorse the availablecommodities, either these are financial help orproducts but the best utilization of other equipments isnecessary. A work should be done with dedication andnever stop a work in the lurch until it has beencompleted. Render services to others and theseservices require time, devotion resolution anddedication. Any institute can not go longer if people are not industrious and cordial. Selfless motives andservices lead to success. One has to put one's centpercent to make it successful, only then the life can be meaningful and efforts can get fruition. Co-operation

Available online at www.ignited.in Page 4

and devotion are the pillars of an organization. Every body must work together as it is not the responsibility of the organizers only. The approach should be pragmatic. Each person must put his life and soul in the service of mankind (society), Try to help others as much as possible. Fictitious promises should not be done and be firm to keep the word, maximum progress should be the motive. The general public should some forward and never depend on the Govt. Completely. The members of the organizations should render their services and money as much as they can.

Awasthi S.K., (2002), "The Societies Registration Act (Act No. 21 of 1860)" Edition 2, New Delhi: Ashoka Law House, pp. 141-146. Bhardwaj Bipin (2007), "NGO to help women become self-reliant in Gurdaspur", The Tribune, Chandigarh. November 17, p. 7. Brown David L., Pankaj S. Jain and Uvin Peter (2000), http://www.sciencedirect.com /science, p.n.d. Chandra Ramesh (2004), "Globalisations and Technological Change, Globalisation, Liberalisation Privatisation and Indian Policy", vol. 7, pp. 144 -147. Datta Aditi and Daruwala Maja (2007), "Foreign Contribution Bill not in NGOs Interest", The Tribune, Chandigarh. May, p. 13. Dehaleesan S. (2006), "NYGOs Financial Facts, Accounting Calisthenics and Taxation Tableau", Journal of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Vol. 55, No. 12, June, p. 1733. Fadia, B.L. and Fadia, Kuldeep (2008), "Role of NGOs and Voluntary Agencies", Public Administration, Sahitya Bhawan Publications, pp. 880-881. Franda Marcus (2008), Voluntary Associations and Local Development in India, New Delhi, Young Asia Publications, 1983, p.l0 in Fadia B.L. and Fadia Kuldeep. "Role of NGOs and Voluntary Agencies", Public Administration, Administrative theories and concepts, Sahitya Bhawan Publications, Sixth Edition, pp. 886 - 887. Gangrade K.D. and Sooryamoorthy R. (2008), "NGOs in India A Cross-Sectional Study," hnp://www.thefreelibrary.com. p.n.d. Grewal S. Naveen (2007), "Pak NGO Combines Art and Education to Raise Literacy", The Tribune, Chandigarh, April 15, p.n.d. Grewal S. Naveen (2007), "NGOs say yes to Funds,No to Rules", The Tribune, Chandigarh, September 28,p. 6. Kamat Sangeeta (2004), "The pnrivtisation of puubicinterest: theorizing NGO disucourse in a neoliberalera", Review of International Political Economy, http:www.in Skipover navigation, vol. 11, Issue 1, February,pp. 155-176. Kandasami, M (2006), "Role of Chartered Accountantsin India's NGO Sector-An Emerging Opportunity",Journal of the Institute of Chartered Accountants ofIndia, Vol. 55, No.12, June, pp.1700-1702.