Learn While You Play (My Childhood Games and My Early Education)
Exploring the Comparative Effectiveness of Teaching through Childhood Games
by Rakesh Sharma*, Dr. O. P. Sharma,
- Published in Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, E-ISSN: 2230-7540
Volume 2, Issue No. 2, Oct 2011, Pages 0 - 0 (0)
Published by: Ignited Minds Journals
ABSTRACT
Education leads toenlightenment and learning leads to modification of behavior. The process ofteaching- learning must be joyful and interesting. Learning, when it is coupledwith the students’ motivation, readiness, exercise and effect. i.e theprinciples of learning , may result into a sound learning. The researcher here,in the present research topic ‘Learn While Play’, tries to explore thecomparative effectiveness of teaching through childhood games and teachingthrough traditional approaches. The experiment has been conducted on two equalsections, equal mean scores on achievement level of classes First to Third inall subjects - English, Hindi, Maths and EVS. One section is taught throughtraditional approaches and the second one by engaging students in childhood gameswhich the students have been playing before their schooling starts or in theearly years of their schooling. In the present study such 53 games have beenidentified, according to the nature of the learning units. At the end of theteaching-learning process ‘multiple choice achievement tests’ have beenadministered in all the subjects and to all the classes. It is concluded thatthe students, taught through childhood games learnt better in all subjects.Secondly, they are happy, taking interest in their studies, involve themselvesin the teaching- learning process more voluntarily and willingly, and theteaching-learning atmosphere is lively in comparison to the classroomatmosphere of teaching through traditional approaches. The concepts of timetable, classroom and teacher are to be modified according to the nature ofteaching –learning units.
KEYWORD
education, teaching-learning, childhood games, traditional approaches, achievement level, English, Hindi, Maths, EVS, multiple choice achievement tests
- Adams, S., Garrett, J.L. To be a teacher: An Introduction to Education. Now Jersy : Prentice Hall Inc., 1969s - Adaval, S. B. (ED ) The Third Indian Year Book of Education: Educational Research. New Delhi: NCERT, 1968. - Ahmann, Stanely, J. Testing Students Achievement and Aptitudes Washington, D.C.: The Center for Applied Research in Education Inc. 1962 - Alexander, W.M. Are you a good Teacher? New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1960. - Anastasi, A. Psychological Testing. London: The Macmillan Company. 1968. - Baleer, C.L. and Seabury, H.F. Teaching Speech in Today’s Secondary Schools New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. 1965. - Bansal, R. K. & Harrison, J.B. Spoken English for India Longmans, 1972. - Bany, A.M. and Johnson , V.L. Classroom Group Behavior, Groups Dynamics in Education . New York The Macmillan company, 1964. - Barnes, Douglas, Language , The Learner and the School. Middlesex, Penguin Education, 1971. - Barr, A.S. The measurement and Prediction of Teaching Efficiency. J.Expt. Education, Sept.1961 -Best, J.W. Research in Education. Englewood Cliff N.J. Prentice Hall Inc. 1970 Bigge M.L. Learning Theories for Teachers. New York: Harper & Row Publisher, 1964. - Blair, Glenn, Diagnostic and Remedial Teaching. New York: Macmillan Company, 1962. - Charles D.C. : Psychology of the child in the Classroom. New York: Macmillan Company, 1964. - Dighton, L.C. (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Education) New York : Macmillan Company, 1971 - Ebel, R.L. Measuring Educational Achievement. New Delhi : Practice Hall of India, 1966 London : The Macmillan Company, 1969 - Ebel, R.L. Measuring Educational Achievement. New Delhi : Practice Hall of India, 1966 - Garrett, H.E. Statics in Psychology and Education Bombay : Vakils, Feffer and Simons Pvt. Ltd. 1973. Guilford, J.P. Psychometric Method. Bombay: Tata McGraw Hills Education New York : McGraw Hill Book Co. 1956 - Guilford, J.P. Psychometric Method Bombay: Tata McGraw Hills Publishing Co. 1960. Publishing Co. 1960. - Harris, C.W. (ED) Encyclopedia of Education Research: New York : The Macmillan CO. 1960. Hart, F.W Teachers and teaching . New York : The Macmillan Co. , 1934 - Moore, T. J. and Neal , W.D. The Evaluation of Teaching Performance. - Montgomery , R J. Examinations. London: Longmans, 1965. - Moore, T. J. and Neal , W.D. The Evaluation of Teaching Performance. J. Educational Administration, 1969 - NCERT, Sixth Survey of Educational Research , 2006 - Rickey, R.W. Planning for Teaching : An introduction to Teaching. New York McGraw Hill Co. Inc. 1958 - Thorndike R.L. & Hagen E. Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education. New Delhi : Wiley Eastem Pvt. Ltd.1970 - Ticton, S.G. (Ed) To Improve Learning : An evolution of Instructional and Education . New York : R. K. Bowker Co. 1971 - Winn, R. B. (Ed) Johan Dewey : Dictionary of Education. New York : Philosophical Library, 1959 - Barr A.S. “The Measurement and Prediction of teaching efficiency.” J.Expt. Educaional Administration, 1969, pp. 127-36. - Collins , William , English Language Dictionary , 1991
LIST OF GAMES, ACTIVITIES INVOLVED AND RELATIVE LEARNING UNITS
Sr. No Name Of The Games Activities Involved Learning Units
1 Stappu Children are divided into smaller groups after giving them instructions. Each child in a group is asked to jump with the help of his/her single leg and without touching the line of the block (rectangular). He/she picks the desired objects from a particular block (the number of blocks could be from 6 to 12 and their measurement could be according to the age of the group) .He /she then comes out successfully of the marked area of the blocks and declares what A. Cognitive Figures of Geometry, counting, fractions and currency, word building, alphabets, verbal composition in languages (English and Hindi). In environmental studies units of parts of the body, food items and health care etc. B. Conative Students get physical exercises and balancing body on a single leg. It gives them psycho – motor development and strength of body joyfully(all these skills and abilities may be considered inherent in all the succeeding games also) object he has picked. If he/she is right , marks are assigned and he/she is encouraged. The marks obtained by the child are in consonance with the number of blocks he could cover and answer successfully. In the end of the process the total marks of each student are added together in the group and are compared with the rival groups. C.Affective Playing games in groups joyfully makes students emotionally developed .It also inculcates different human values. 2 Fruits-Seller The children stand in circle One child takes a basket full of fruits and vegetables or some toys or some other objects according to the teaching units and loudly sings “I am a fruit seller I sell fruit and vegetables. What fruit or vegetable do you like to buy”. In this way he/she approaches to each child. The child asks him/her about the commodity A. Cognitive Word building (nouns), counting, profit and lose, money transaction, marketing skill, verbal exercise of the language learning etc. All nouns and their use in a language can be taught through this game. B. Conative As per the nature of the game the students jump, walk, talk and play through enactment and get their psycho-motor skills that he/she wants to buy, its rate and then makes a payment. Now he/she shows the purchased commodity to everybody and speaks out ‘ I have purchased----. I paid Rs.-----. It weighs ----‘All the other students listen to him/her and speak out in their turn. developed. C. Affective The students learn joyfully in groups, hence they find themselves emotionally enriched 3 Hide and Seek The children of a class or a group try to hide and one child tries to seek them out, who later relates his/her the process of the game. Vocabulary, preposition, counting, time phrase and its calculation and verbal expression of the compositions. The conative and affective domains of learning may be taken as for- granted inherent in all these activities 4. Ram Says--- The leader of the group gives instructions to the rest of the students to observe his/her command only when it is associated with the phrase ‘Ram Says.----‘, otherwise not. Then he gives the command to the whole group and every child In the field of cognitive domain every action verb of a language can be taught through this game and the conative and affective parts are developed joyfully through playing, dancing while learning. behaves accordingly. It is the game of alertness and immediate responding. 5 Playing Cards Students are made to play this game with the help of 4 sets of playing cards in as many numbers as the teaching items. One set of cards has pictures ranging from 1 to 100; second set with pictures associated with numbers; third with pictures, numbers and words and fourth with words, meanings, synonyms, antonyms, etc. The children play in the group of 4 and learn. Students can learn counting. addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, vocabulary and word building, tables, affections ,ascending and descending order etc. along with conative and affective parts 6. Picking The Handkerchief Two teams play to pick the handkerchief placed in a circle in the middle of both the teams . Each child of each group is assigned a number , called for by the leader to pick the handkerchief or any other item as per the Through this game student can learn counting, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division , vocabulary and word building along with the development of their conative and affective domains. nature of the learning units , the children, called for , come running to pick out the item in the circle and run away to his team without getting himself touched by the opponent. This helps the winning team get marks. The marks in this away are assigned and added to the successful team. 7. Antakshari Class or group is divided into two smaller groups. Some word, song or the name of some object (as per the learning unit) is pronounced by a group and the second group responds as per the instructions. Care should be taken that each child could participate in the game individually and collectively. Word building antonyms., synonyms, change of voice, change of narration, composition, poetry and creativity can easily be taught and practiced. Counting and tables can also be sung out along with all possible conative and affective developments 8 Make Homes out of Sand And Clay Students build homes out of sand or clay and pronounce ‘Bingo’. Later they define the process, Vocabulary and compositions in a languages and a few units of environment studies, types of soil and other units of class 1 to explain the item used and explain about themselves, their families, their schools, their friends. class 3 along with conative and affective developments 9 Hit Me In this game thy students of a class or a group run in a circle or a limit. One student hits the other students and shares the joy of hitting along with pronouncing a words or a number or an item. The child whom he hits either proceeds in the direction as per instruction or response as per the requirements of the learning units. Here the game can be played in two teams are groups Vocabulary, word building, colour, addition, multiplication etc. along with all possible conative and affective developments 10 Making Homes as a Bird. Students learn here and there like a bird, collect some leaves, and branches. They hand over them to the leader of their team. The members of opponent team are ask to name these leaves and branches and classify them The development of vocabulary, knowledge of botanical items and nature along with other units of science can be taught successfully with this game .vis-a-vis the joy and successfully collecting items develop their affective and conative domains into herbs, shrubs and trees. Then they further explain as per the requirement teaching unit. 11. Recognize Me (Sasa Dabkani) Two groups of students stand against each. A curtain is erected between these two groups. All the students are named loudly everybody listens to this announcement. Than one child of a group is covered with the clothes secretly and other team is asked to recognize the child. Word building, units of environmental studies, colors etc. then we taught joyfully with this game along with all other affective and conative developments. 12. Posham Pa A group of children sings a song “Posham Pa bhai Posham Pa dakiye nae kya kiya ----“and then the child of a group announces a word in the ears of another child, Others guess the word and make a group according to the nature of the word harmoniously . The strength of a group the Vocabulary , word building , parts of the body , name of fruits and vegetables etc as per the requirement can be joyfully taught with all other developments equal better it is . 13. Clapping and singing A group of children claps and sings a song ‘Chuby cheeks, dimple chin, rosy lips---- and the child upon whom the song and is declared the winner Parts of the body and other vocabulary items along with health care can be taught joyfully while relishing conative and affective developments. 14. Guess What I am Writing It is a guessing game in which a child writes something other are to guess what he is writing Vocabulary Sentence structure an many more 15 Brick Train Train is made out of bricks and a child pushes from an end and all others clap and counts Counting, addition, subtraction, table, environmental study and vocabulary. 16 Sparrow Fly, Crow fly The leader of the group sings ‘sparrow fly ,crow fly’ then speaks out the name of any bird or animal or any leaving or non leaving All other students behave like flying or otherwise as per the nature of the word Vocabulary, word building, learning units of science and environmental sciences. 17. Marbles Children play with marbles in groups or individually. Counting, division, multiplication, addition, subtraction and many more units of mathematics. 18 Gillie-Danda Counting, measurement, vocabulary, colors Etc. 19 Tippie-tippie Tap-What Colour You Want Here the leader sings a song as per the name of the game and name the word. Vocabulary concept of colors, parts of body, nature of food items etc. 20. Skipping Counting, addition, subtraction and tables etc. 21 Black-White declaration The classes dived in to two groups. One group draws some lines on some hidden places within a time frame and the other group erase those lines within the time frame. The lines which could not be erased are counted as winning scores and vice versa. Counting, Addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division etc. 22 Woodcutter-Holding Wood or Iron etc. Command is given to reach a particular place by touching as per instruction. Vocabulary and learning units of environmental sciences 23. Swinging Concept of physical sciences etc 24. Marriage of a Doll Units of environmental sciences and vocabulary items etc. 25 Hara Samander, Gopi Chander A song of measurement Measurement, Vocabulary and units of physical sciences 26 Phitto A pyramid of bricks is hit by a Ball Unite of early Mathematics and vocabulary etc. 27. Goga Batti Each child play with round-flat marbles Counting, addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division etc. 28 Chokhe Game is played with four small sticks. Counting, addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division etc. 29 Pillie-Danda A game under a tree Parts of a tree, Natural sciences and vocabulary etc. 30 Ghar Roko Students identify a home and explain Items of natural sciences and vocabulary etc. 31 Oonch-Neech ka papra Again with instruction of low and high Units of natural sciences and Physical sciences 32. Musical chair Units of early Mathematics and language 33. Select How Many The leader gives the command of a particular number and the students assemble accordingly. The best game to teach counting and the initial stages 34. Korda Chappaki Game played in circle. Vocabulary, word building and early units of Mathematics etc.
Beating A group of Vocabulary, word 35 The bricks and enjoy the ride students hit the stones of the students of other group and building and early units of Mathematics etc. 36. Guess Innovatives A group asks another group to guess innovative use of a particular item Word building and creativity. 37. Fit Me The students are asked to identify a block as per instructions. Figures of Geometry and units of natural sciences 38 Explain Me A child in a group of students makes some actions silently and others explain. Vocabulary, composition etc. 39 Ulta-Sidha Pugan Pagai A game with stones Counting and all other primary units of Mathematics etc. 40 Atkan-Matkan-Dahi-Chatakan A game with a song in a group. Vocabulary, word building and early units of Mathematics 41 Jump over Me A group of students stand in a row banding forward .One boy utters a word and jumps over the next. The other responds as per instructions and enjoy the jumping over the next. Vocabulary, word building and early units of Mathematics 42. I Go A child runs with a clap and collects as Units of natural sciences and vocabulary items per instructions, others follow. etc. 43. Geella-Sukha A game to identify natural properties with a song Units of natural sciences and vocabulary items etc. 44. Lead The Way One boy starts acting in a group. Others follow where as a child identify the leader. Languages items and creativity. 45 Tell me the story Actions succeed explanations and vice-versa. Developing composition and stories etc. 46. Making Play items with Clay Creativity, vocabulary and composition etc. 47. Hitting Shoes Shoes are plays in a circle and hit by the children Counting, Addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division along with units natural sciences. 48. Rain-Rain come Again Playing in the rain. Units of natural sciences, Water preservation and how it rains etc. 49 Hiding Lika A guessing game in a sand Counting, Addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division along with units natural sciences 50 Geete A game with small pieces of stones . Counting, Addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division along with units natural sciences 51. Ice -water A game of guessing of Counting, Addition, natural properties Subtraction, multiplication, division along with units natural sciences 52 Snake and Ladders Counting, Addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division along with units natural properties. 53. Ludo Counting, Addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division along with units natural properties.