Reading is an essential tool for lifelong learning. It is important for everyone to develop the rudiments of reading and the culture of reading always so as to survive in life. It pointed out that reading empowers and emancipates citizens and bring people together. The art of reading is a priceless instrument for everyone. It is one of the most important activities of life through which we enter into the life and experiences of others and extend our knowledge, scope of experience and enjoyment. It has critical role to play in the overall development of an individual and the nation at large. Reading experience can be obtained in the library. The school library is a gateway to knowledge and will serve as a starting point or road map to reading and the promotion to reading culture. The library provides books and other resources which will help shape thoughts and influence the actions of students throughout life with active supervision by an experienced librarian. Due to technological development, reading habits are changing. In our society today, while technology is slowly taking a steady control over individual lives, the reading habit is fast vanishing into thin air (The Hindu, 2004). Students now lack the skill of reading. Instead they spend more hours on electronic media. Browsing the net, playing with funky handsets and passing non-stop SMSs seem to be the order of the day, there by making reading a book or any other piece of written material in a quiet or peaceful corner of a library or home become an archaic idea for most school children and adults (The Hindu, 2004). Obama (2008) in his speech pinpointed that children cannot achieve unless they raise their expectations and turn off television sets. Students are rarely interested in reading for pleasure and enjoyment instead they read only to pass examination. The declining interest in reading culture among our children (especially those in primary and secondary schools) is a cause for alarm and a challenge to all and something need to be done to alleviate this yawning problem. Unfortunately, reading is not taught or included in school curriculum. Reading is not a subject and cannot be taught separately as most other subjects in the curriculum rather it is subsumed in every other subject and is regarded as a tool facilitating many other types of learning. Nowadays, due to the rat race syndrome, parents pay little or no attention to their children's reading ability, parents themselves lack the skill and the culture of reading such that some do not read to their kids.

The main objective of the study was to investigate the influence of electronic media on the reading habits of pupils. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying the following: 1 the activities pupils engage in at home. 2 the number of hours the pupils devote in reading books, magazines, playing games, watching television, chatting with friends and listening to music. 3 the influence of electronic media on the children's reading hours. 4 the influence of electronic media in the homes and school libraries on the pupils' reading ability.

Reading is the springboard of any literacy programme. It does not only give learners an active place, but also places them in the centre of pedagogy and the curriculum. Reading is a very powerful and indispensable equipment for learning and acquisition of the varied skills and experiences needed by man to develop a satisfactory personal life. It is important that pupils/students should develop positive habits towards reading of books as a life-long learning experience. Reading is important and beneficial to man and because of this the Indian Government is stimulating the reading of books, newspapers and magazines. This is important now that an increasing number of people are spending less time reading and also when reading skills are declining. Research has shown that more than half of the adults in India hardly ever read a book.

2

Structure questionnaire tagged "Influence of the electronic media on reading ability in homes and schools" were used to collect information from the children respondents. The questionnaire were of two parts-part A, required the children respondents to supply their bio data while section B comprised of open and closed ended questions. Four teachers (two from each school) were also interviewed.

The population of this study was comprised of primary and secondary school children drawn from two schools (one primary school and one secondary school) in Nsukka town, in Enugu State. A total of 81 questionnaire were administered to the pupils and only 71 were returned.

All the children respondents were administered the questionnaire in their various schools. The questionnaire were distributed with the help of the teachers of the participants. The pupils were assured that there were no positive or negative answers. They were also meant to know that their responses were to be treated as confidential.

Data collected for this study were analyzed using frequency distribution and simple percentages.

From the bio data of the children respondents in this study, it is very clear that the female school children (67.6%) are more in number than the male school children (32.4%). The reason for this observation is not very clear. All the same, in this age of graduate unemployment, most parents in rural communities prefer to send their male children to learn one trade or the other instead of going to school for a formal education, hence the dearth of male enrolment in primary schools in India. The result of this study also indicate that majority of the school children fell within the age range of 6-15 years (67.6%) i.e. 6-7 years-23.3% and 11-15 years-43.7%. 28.2% of the school children fell within the age range of 16-20 years. School children respondents in age range of 11 years and above were from the secondary school that was sampled. There is great variation on the responses of school children concerning the activities they engage themselves in while at home. The bulk (76.1%) of the school children respondents attested that they read their textbooks, magazines, newspapers, novels etc while at home, while those who concentrate in their home work at home came to 64.8%. 34. 6%, 33.8% and 25.5% watch television, play games on cell phones and engage themselves in Internet activities poor reading habits at home. Of course, most parents know very well that school children read only when they have examinations. They engage in reading at this time just for examination purposes and not so much for personal development, fun, or to be well informed (Adenyinka and Samson, 2007). Sangkaeo; 1995, Darko-Ampem, 2005; and Chandilanga, 2006 have observed and postulated that reading culture of Africans is poor. Children in schools are the leaders of tomorrow. For effective leadership and good governance, there is that need to inculcate in our children the habit of avid reading. This study has also revealed that the school children respondents devote more number of hours for playing games on cell phone than in their homework and reading. It was also very clear from the result of this study that school children respondents devote a good number of hours in online activities, watching television, playing music on DVD and other musical systems. Granted that so much useful information concerning learning could be sourced online, the school children should not be exposed to it too early because of its negative effect on their reading habit and reading skill acquisition. Reading is a very important issue which is not only about enjoyment but a necessity; the basic tool of education (Makotsi, 2005). Good reading habit makes way for a better understanding of one's experiences and it can be an exciting voyage to self discovery (Panigrahi and Panda, 1996; Eyre, 2005). 56.3% of the respondents indicated that television, internet facilities, cell phones, musical gadgets, and other electronic media in their schools and homes do not interfere in their reading hours. Although the school children respondents had asserted that the availability of television, internet facilities, cell phones, musical gadgets, and other electronic devices in schools and homes do not interfere in their reading hours but we should bear in mind of such programmes on television and websites on the Internet that constitute sources of distractions for school children. Notable examples on satellite televisions and the Internet are cartoon network (CN), Africa magi, facebook and twitter/chatting etc. Children in nursery and primary schools can get glued to the television set watching Africa magic and cartoon network for more than 4/5 hours, provided there is electricity supply to the television set. Those children in secondary schools can be on the net and on theircell phones for hours without lifting a textbook or magazine to read. Constant attention to these electronic media by school children distract their attention from reading and ultimately affect their reading habits and skill. School children should be provided with enough materials (books/novels/magazines) to read at home and in schools. Research has shown that children who have no access to books before going to school are severely disadvantaged and have trouble catching up with other children (Radebe, 2001). Children with adequate access to books have many reading is encouraged, good teachers and schools, plentiful books which are relevant and up to date, and access to computers. Some group of the children respondent (39.4%) did not support the view that electronic media influence the reading habits of school children. 33.8% shared the view that electronic media discourage school children from reading, hence poor reading habit in some school children. Despite the variations in the opinion of the school children respondents in this study, it is worthy of note that children are faced with distractions and poor reading habits in this modern age of avalanche numbers of communication gadgets in homes and schools. Though some of them play great roles in teaching and learning but there should be enough caution in exposing children to these modern communication tools because of the negative impact on the acquisition of reading skill by school children. 56.3% of the school children respondents were affirmative on the availability of school library in their school. Functional school libraries in primary and secondary schools will afford the school children the opportunity to have access to wide range of books. Children who are allowed to self-select to read and who have access to varied sources of print materials in their classrooms, school libraries, town libraries, and at home read more and more widely, both for pleasure and for information (Krolack, 2005). Such children are noted to have good reading habit. 57.5% of the school children respondents in this study do not visit their school library (where there is existence of any). 22.5% visit their library every school day. Pupils/Students who shun their school library can never develop good reading habit. Teachers should endeavour to encourage their pupils/students to visit the school libraries and to borrow novels and periodicals to read. This will not only help them in developing reading and writing skill but will also help in empowering them with the skill of effective oral communication. Thirty minutes to one hour as seen in the result of this study is not enough time for effective reading in the library. Students should learn how to read for at least 2-3 hours when they visit the library. Pupils in primary school can put in one hour for effective reading when they visit their school library. With constant practice, now doubt, these pupils/students will acquire the skill of effective reading habit that will transform them for a better future. Reading is important for everybody in order to cope with new knowledge in a changing world-that of the technological age (Sangkaeo,1999). The teachers that were interviewed stressed that there is dwindling reading habits in primary/secondary school children. They attributed the drop in reading habit of the children to too many distractions in the society; ranging from various types of electronic gadgets in homes to lack of proper attention by parents and teachers. The interviewees (teachers) called on the government stakeholders and private individuals that own schools to build functional libraries Finally, inculcating good reading habits in children is something that should be started on time in their early childhood days so that these children will grow with it. Both the parents, teachers, librarians and government should be fully involved for this to be realizable. Though it may look like a journey of a "thousand kilometres", but with concerted efforts from all concerned, huge success will be achieved in the end.

1. BANDURA, a. (1986) Social Foundations of Thought and Action : A Social-Comparison Theory. Englewood Cliffs : NJ: Prentice Hall. 2. BATRA, K.M. (1995) Information-seeking. Research utilization and barriers to research utilization of pediatric nurse educators. Journals of Professional Nursing, II, 48-57. 3. BURNKRANT, R.E. (1976) A motivational model of information-processing intensity. Journal of Consumer Research, 3, 21-30. 4. CACIOPPO, J.T. PETTY, R.E. and KAO, C.F. (1984) The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42, 306-307. 5. CHEW, F. (1994) the relationship of information needs to issue relevance and

4

6. DERR, Richard L. (1981) Conceptual analysis of information need. Aslib proceeding. 33, 1; 273-77 7. ELLIS, D. (1989). A behavioural approach to information retrieval system design. Journal of Documentation, 45, 171-212. 8. ETHEL, Auster (1982). Organisational behaviour and information seeking lesson for librarian : Special Libraries. 73; 178. 9. FISKE. J. (1990) Introduction to communication studies. 2nd ed. London : Routledge. 10. FOLKMAN, S. (1984) Personal control and stress and coping processes : a theoretical analysis journal of personality and Social Psychology, 46, 839-852. 11. FOLKMAN, S. and LAZARUS, R.S. (1985) If it changes it must be a process : Study of coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150-170.