Comparison of Intelligence of High and Low Performing Kho-Kho and Kabaddi Players
The Relationship between Intelligence and Performance in Kho-Kho and Kabaddi
by Gian Singh*, Dr. Baljeet Kaur,
- Published in Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, E-ISSN: 2230-7540
Volume 4, Issue No. 8, Oct 2012, Pages 0 - 0 (0)
Published by: Ignited Minds Journals
ABSTRACT
High performing kho-kho players have a higher level ofintelligence and it is significant at 0.01 level of confidence. We can concludethat intelligence is a correlate of high performance in the game of kho-kho.Probably there is not much difference in performance, or the data taken in thisstudy are small and for a more reliable inference the study be repeated on alarger data. The study has its own limitations which need not be thrown out ofconsideration. the difference between the self-confidence of the highperforming kabaddi players and low performing kabaddi players is notsignificant. So even in the game of kabaddi, self-confidence is no correlate ofgood performance. high performing kho-kho players have a little higherself-confidence but since the t-ratio gives a non-significant value ,
KEYWORD
intelligence, high performing, kho-kho players, kabaddi players, performance, correlation, confidence, data, reliable inference, self-confidence
---------------------------♦----------------------------- INTRODUCTION
Kabaddi is aptly known as the "GAME OF THE MASSES "due to its popularity, simplicity, easy to comprehend rules, and public appeal. The game calls for no sophisticated equipment what so ever, which makes it a very popular sport in the developing countries. It is basically an outdoor sport played on clay court, of late the game is being played on synthetic surface indoors with great success. The duration of the game is 45 minutes for MEN & Junior BOYS with a 5 minutes break in between for the teams to change sides. The duration of the game is 35 minutes with a 5 miniutes break in between for WOMEN, GIRLS, Sub-Junior BOYS and Sub-Junior GIRLS.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Although the research is widely scattered and conducted by many different authors, the astounding generalization is that the period when the child becomes able to speak in the sentence form of his language and the instrumental use of language in communicating has been mastered, is also the time when his social behaviour starts to become consistent. His typical play activities become social. From the earlier forms of solitary and parallel (side by side) play, he now engages in "role play" ("you be the mother and I'll be the father") and in genuinely cooperative play (Beaver, 1932; Borne, 1930; . Parten, 1932, 1944; Salusky, 1930; Green, 1933). From the sheerly social interchange that took on the verbal forms of competitive behaviour without being consistently competitive ("I won't; "So did I; "Will all won"), he begins to complete consistently in activities
with age mates (Hirota, 1951; Greenberg, 1932; Leuba, 1933). From impassive spectator or amused onlooker at the distress of another, he now begins to manifest consistent sympathy at the distress of another (Lois 3. Murphy, 1937) - a form of behaviour that develops when the child can "put himself in another person's shoes." From lack of responsibility for his own actions ("It isn't my fault, my hand did it"), he not only attempts independent acts but also assumes responsibility for them. From simple perceptual differentiation among people whose skin colour differs from his own, he begins to exhibit responses revealing consistent and invidious comparisons prevailing in his social milieu, hence the first consistent signs of colour prejudice (Clark and Clark, 1947; Horowitz, 1939; Goodman, 1952; Mori and, 1966).
MATERIAL AND METHOD COMPARISON OF INTELLIGENCE OF HIGH AND LOW PERFORMING KHO-KHO PLAYERS
The level of intelligence of high and low performing Kho Kho players are compared and presented in Table – 1
2
It is clear from the above table that high performing kho-kho players have a higher level of intelligence and it is significant at 0.01 level of confidence. We can conclude that intelligence is a correlate of high performance in the game of kho-kho. The selector and coaches should take note of this finding and give it consideration at the time of selection and coaching. Our finding is supported by the studies done by Jacobson (1931) and Jenny (1959)
COMPARISON OF INTELLIGENCE OF HIGH
AND LOW PERFORMING KABADDI PLAYERS
This comparison has been presented in Table 2 We find that intelligence score of high performing kabaddi players is 61.33 against a score of 59.94 of low performing kabaddi players. The difference is not significant statistically which means intelligence is not a correlate of good performance in the game of Kabaddi and as such it need not be given much weightage at the time of selection or coaching. However, it is clear that more intelligent players do have an edge over the less intelligent ones. The t-ratio is not significant in this case, however.
COMPARISON OF SELF-CONFIDENCE OF HIGH AND LOW PERFORMING KHO-KHO
PLAYERS
It is clear from the above table that high performing kho-kho players have a little higher self-confidence but since the t-ratio gives a non-significant value , it is concluded that self –confidence is not a correlate of good performance in the game of kho-kho.
COMPARISON OF SELF-CONFIDENCE OF HIGH AND LOW PERFORMING KABADDI
PLAYERS
This comparison has been made in table-4.
CONCLUSION
These finding are strange. Probably there is not much difference in performance, or the data taken in this study are small and for a more reliable inference the study be repeated on a larger data. The study has its own limitations which need not be thrown out of consideration. the difference between the self-confidence of the high performing kabaddi players and low performing kabaddi players is not significant. So even in the game of kabaddi, self-confidence is no correlate of good performance. high performing kho-kho players have a little higher self-confidence but since the t-ratio gives a non-significant value , it is concluded that self –confidence is not a correlate of good performance in the game of kho-kho.
COMPARISON OF INTELLIGENCE OF KHO- KHO AND KABADDI PLAYERS (HIGH
PERFORMANCE LEVEL)
This comparison has been made in table-5.
Gian Singh1 Dr. Baljeet Kaur2
The above table clearly emphasises that kho-kho players have a much higher level of intelligence that the kabaddi players at the high performance level. t- value of 6.44 is significant at 0.01 level. It is concluded that for kho-kho more intelligent players are needed or the kho-kho game requires more intelligence than what is needed in the game of kabaddi.
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