Significance of Moral Values In Present Period

Values are generally regarded as the moral standards of human behaviors in the society. It is a kind of quality of humans, which is applied to human activities. It is transmitted to a circumstantial factor which depends upon the judgment of the fact. The word ‘value’ is derived from the Latin word ‘valeo’ which originally meant strength and also health, and then by natural transition, it came to mean being effective and adequate. In French the term ‘valeur’ means excellence. Value is a mixture of three concepts such as Idea, Quality and Supervening. Values can be defined as the principles that guide people's lives, and have varying significance. Values are the essence of our personality, and affect us to make decisions, trust people, and arrange our time and energy in our social life. Values may be treated as keys to solving many world problems. It is to be pointed out that value is the worth of something. It is the importance or usefulness of something, a standard of behaviour and it is considered to be important or beneficial in human life. Conventionally speaking, the term ‘value’, itself came to ethics by way of economics. In economics it is used for (i) Value in use that is the capacities of an object to satisfy a human need or desire, and (ii) Value in exchange or the amount of one commodity that came to be obtained in exchange for another. Besides, values may be broadly categorized into two – (i) Intrinsic value and (ii) Extrinsic value. Intrinsic values are those values which are associated with certain objects appearing to have such value that they would retain it even if they were to exist completely alone, whereas extrinsic values are those values where certain objects have value as parts of other objects of value, or as means to ends of value. Values may be regarded as positive and negative. Anything that has positive value is considered to be good, whereas anything that has negative value is said to be evil. One of the most general philosophical issues in the study of value (axiology) is whether values arise from objective or subjective features of experience. Non-cognitivists defend a strict distinction between fact and value and many contemporary thinkers challenge the presumption that human knowledge can ever be genuinely free of value judgments (Anthony Giddens, 2011). To acknowledge same feature of things as a value is to take it into account in decision making or in other words, to be inclined to advance it as a consideration in influencing the choice and guiding oneself and others. Those who see values as ‘subjective’ think of this in terms of a personal stance, occupied as a kind of choice and immune to rational argument (although often and curiously, deserving some kind of reverence and respect). Those who think of values as ‘objective’ suppose that for same reason – requirements of rationality human nature, God or other authority – choice can be guided and correct from same independent standpoint (Simon Blackburn, 1994) social sciences since their inception. Human values play a vital role in the society, for they are said to be the basis of human beings for leading a better life. It is believed that all holy books of all religions contain the values of good life. The importance of values is frequently cited in relation to the global and national problems, whether it be in debates in international assemblies, in studies criticizing "value-free" approaches to research, or in discussion of quality of life and individual fulfillment. Thus, values are deemed especially important in questions of cultural development and are central to concern for the preservation of cultural heritage. It is to be mentioned that importance of human values is seen right from the childhood of a person. Preschool is the first stage or period that lays the foundation of information on human values. Because information about the values of life is a continuous process found in the society. However, the first information not only gains in earlier periods that begin and end in the period to adolescence but also continues personality. From now on, there can be changes on these values, but basic values have been developed. Changing child’s wrong behaviour is more difficult than trying to develop a new behaviour. It is critical to develop the child's personality in a planned and systematic process in order to prevent the wrong development of values education. There are individual morality and social morality. Individual morality provides the basis of decisions of and judgments by the individual: honesty, loyalty, good faith, being responsible. Social morality means fairness, which is one basis of law, which helps to govern society and to control individual behavior. Social morality considers whether an action threatens society’s well- being.

A crisis is any event that is expected to lead to, an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community, or whole society. Crises are deemed to be negative changes in the security, economic, political, societal, or environmental affairs, especially when they occur abruptly, with little or no warning. More loosely, it is a term meaning 'a testing time' or an 'emergency event'. Value crisis is one of the burning problems in our daily life. Dowry system, divorce, abortion, animal sacrifice, superstitious beliefs, etc. are the burning problems in the present human society. These are ever growing problem. In order to uproot these, we provide value orientation classes so that, we may develop the optimum level of thinking. Women are actually facing existential crisis due to insecurity because of gang-rape, molestation, etc. Some people violate social facing problem in the society. Everybody is going to fulfill his or her need by utilizing ultimate freedom. He or she forgets the responsibility to society and tries to enjoy freedom in the ultimate sense. This is really a serious value crisis being faced by the present society. Therefore, every person should be aware of removing the social problems which are deep-rooted in the human society. The values like truthfulness, kindness, honesty, law, justice, patriotism, humanism, etc. are to be preserved in society in order to regulate human life in a well-ordered manner. Value-crisis has emerged due to not understanding its proper role in our human society. To some thinkers, epistemological crisis and identity crisis are the two main crises of value which create the major problems like suicide, murder, robbery, extortion, rape, insurgency, or extremist problem and caste and class conflict, etc. The problem of value deterioration in our society can be stored out, if we are socially conscious about the deep-rooted values in our society. This awareness is possible only when we will flourish our philosophizing or spiritualizing force to assess the value in our life. The value of human life surpasses all other values. So states, scriptures, societies and religions, acquire significance only insofar as they develop humanity to the maximum through learning, culture, physical health and economic plenty. It is for the sake of developing humanity that civilization has so many institutions of different kinds, that states take their various forms, that theories proliferate, and that the scriptures abound in ordinances and regulations.

The concept of intelligence pervades our daily lives at least as much as does any other psychological concept. Notions about intelligence are particularly consequential in education. Almost without exception, students will have taken many intelligence or scholastic aptitude tests before completing their education. The relationship between intelligence and education is of critical importance to those concerned with educational practice and to those who do research on intelligence. This relationship is important to educators because the intelligence of students constrains and informs educational practice. The information-rich world to be faced by today’s students will be even more demanding than before on intellectual skills. Intellectual skills are related with competence. And competence refers to all that a person is capable of, regardless of internal and external constrains that interfere with the application of this full competence. An educator should deal with both manifest performance and underlying competence. They should be concerned with developing individuals’ use of their structures to learn new things about the world.

and to teach the truth. This is because students always follow what they learn from their teachers. So, they should not only learn and carry the knowledge, but try to use it to uncover what is good and fine, and also to shape their own lives. Otherwise, surrounding conditions will shape it. The greatest master that does not give up with giving lessons is life itself. But those who cannot learn from lessons given by life need some interpretations. In this context we can consider teachers as an interpreter and a bridge between life and individual. Wherever or however a person learns in life, a teacher who takes a good place in the hearts of students with his lessons and behaviors will leave deep, colorful lines in minds, if he does his job with the pain of teaching. In education, it is necessary to know when to teach what. Sometimes, in the name of knowledge, giving many things at an unseasonable time can cover minds like a fog. Such knowledge will lighten neither the owner nor the others and will be useless. According to noted theorist Jean Piaget, knowledge and understanding was not simply about ingesting a bunch of facts. Rather, knowledge was about structures, in essence it is about understanding how the facts fit together, having mental models that allow one to accurately assimilate additional information and from it make useful predictions and conclusions. And Piaget believed that since children come into the world as essentially physical beings, their understanding of the world starts with their own physical and emotional exploration of it and only builds from there into representations of increasing complexity and abstraction. It is not possible to call someone as a teacher who brings up his students with rancor and hatred. A teacher with the knowledge of good and beauty should be like a soldier who fights against ignorance, degeneration and depravation by planting love to the souls. Teacher is someone who gives direction to life. He is the one who guides humanity, and carries morality and character to generations. He has much more influence on a child than even parents. When we consider the reality, it is again teachers who give direction to mothers, fathers and the society. In the hands of a real teacher, coal will turn into a diamond. An educator shows utmost altruism so as to bring up thousands of people in the best way. By keeping himself away from politic ideas, he should give whatever necessary for the sake of universal values and show the true way to his students. As we said, it is important what, how and why to teach. There is no need to educate people in order to cause them to become enemies in the end. Social preferences of nations are in a direct relation with the way of discipline and education people get. The should follow the individuals they will train and prepare them for the future substantially. Every family wants its child to get the best education and find a better place in this world, but this is not the main aim. The main purpose is to bring up a child whose real target is associated with the universal and moral values; this is possible only by the help of rightly and virtuous teachers. It is a great investment to pursuit new generations who are devoted to national and universal values. Those who provide their generations with that investment are the ones who have the equipment to conquer the world with love. If the brains of youth are filled with science and the hearts with values, then it proves that we achieved something for the sake of future. These generations are able to resist all obstacles they face. There is nothing such young societies who are lack of real education to give neither to them nor to the community they are in; even the solution they lay out for humanity will only be chaos and disorder. On the contrary, well-educated societies will bring benefaction even for the hostile communities as well as for themselves. In other words, a well-educated enemy can bring much to mankind than an ignorant friend.

EDUCATION FOR A RADIANT FUTURE

One of the biggest problems of the people of this age is unknown conflicts, incomprehensible polarization and division which cause to corrupt internally and to become enemies by oneself. Generations have begun to see it as innovation to separate from their national identity and past. Such a youth becomes a stranger to universal values and look down on its country. It must not be forgotten that each country requires executive and internal organs that will respond to necessities of age and spiritual inclinations of people taking its own thoughts and believes into consideration. If we really want to serve for the sake of people, or to save our future generations, we should first of all be at peace with natural formation of character and should not behave reverse to it. We should consult and apply to this law at every occasion so as to brighten the way for youth. A sustainable future is one in which a healthy environment, economic prosperity and social justice are pursued simultaneously to ensure the well-being and quality of life of present and future generations. Education is crucial to attaining that future. (Teacher Center, 2009) Whatever done till today to ameliorate new generations has also been tried to handle considering the internal, social and political structure of a nation Since this is the case, if we wanted to apply the outsider view, it would not be possible even to apply the way of happiness of one to another. As a result of this, it is not wise to impose a conventional education method to all nations; education should depend on universal values in harmony with the structure of a nation. It is obligatory for each state to catch up with the realities of this era while the whole world rapidly goes beyond in science and technology every minute. The only thing is while following the common flow of the world, the steps must be unhesitant, decisive, purposeful and bearing the values in mind. The key to success in such an endeavor is how well one identifies core human issues and how one selects the texts that can illuminate these issues from among the larger body of works recognized as perennial classics in the respective traditions. This requires constant reflection, reexamination, and dialogue among world traditions. But as each civilization tradition participates in this multicultural discourse, we can hope gradually to expand the horizons of civil discourse and the scope of shared civilization values, which will be key to the solution of our common global concerns about the environment, human rights, and world peace. (Bary, 2007) For the construction of a bright future, it is exactly necessary of some to take action in the scenery; as for me, this is educators and the magic they will use is the education itself. They should act together, remove hostile feelings from people and beginning with national consciousness, they should help people to revitalize their soul and produce new ideas. Humanity struggles with ignorance for centuries which causes irrational hostility. Mankind expects a generation who will rescue them from the situation they are in, especially nowadays when the atmosphere gets darker and darker. Diogenes, in his times, was declaring in a pessimistic mood that there is no real man in his society because he was looking for a person who devotes his heart to humanity before anything else. He wandered around ancient Greece carrying a lantern and searching for an honest man, a truly evolved human being. (Vrettos) I wonder now how many people there are among us to end this search for a man. If the teachers does not bring up this man among us, the gaps of the screen will be filled with the stunt men and play everything as they wish. That’s why we need teachers; we need idealist educators who are always optimistic and looking at the horizon with thoughts clear from rancor, hatred and repulsion, but ready to teach love, apology and passion. The ones who want to pollute the happiness they promised with blood respect neither to themselves nor to humanity, and they have nothing to give to the future generations. Whether we admit or not, we live in a serious era where our hearts are filled with emptiness. The present situation does not promise for anything ones who can fulfill it are the teachers. Their thoughts must be powerful, hearts must be soft and the willpower must be strong. They are the ones who will represent the truth and reality. Through the medium of them, new generations must be able to turn the world into spring. Only then the problems of the globe can be solved easily, comfortably. What I think and write may be regarded as a utopia; nevertheless, I believe such high level problems of the world can be solved through this way. And I believe the world will come and unite on the same line. As someone who has taken part in education for already a long time, I have experienced and learned all these from the institutions I worked. After a serious reform in education, earth will be saved from laziness, ignorance and immorality. I am in the conviction that while it looks impracticable, time will prove that it is probable since we are all thirsty for such a generation. This generation will be able to present us those beauties and they will behave so humane that all kind of reptiles will be ashamed and will turn back to their holes. They will achieve to clean away every dark idea.

Human values play a very leading role in society. Human values take precedence over social values. Human value is the conception of mankind in general. It is true that the individual is the chief concern, but as long as individuals exist in society, it may be firmly said that the Present society will never outgrow its existence. Today with the technological advancement, communication has tremendously improved, therefore anything that we say, do or even think will have a direct bearing upon a larger group of people. Today, newspapers inform us of so many crimes: robbery, murder, genocide, injustice, and political and economic corruption. These do not pass by the millions of avid readers without creating at least some sort of influence upon their lives. Films and audio-visuals have been the greatest influence. Thus, one can finally arrive at a conclusion that the moral behaviour of an individual or a group of individuals affects the society at large. Consequently, human values play a vital role both for the integrity and longevity of any human society.

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