Differences between Public Administration and Private Administration

Welfare state has expanded the part and elements of the administration complex. There are incalculable exercises attempted by the legislature in numerous divisions like monetary, social, social, and administrative. The police keeps up peace, guard staff secure the fringes and diffuse emergency like surge, understudies lean toward confirmation in government administration, Patients favor government healing centers: are couple of cases of government exercises. Open administration is an arrangement of association and activity worried about the acknowledgment of these exercises. It is a component that helps the legislature in accomplishing the objectives. At the end of the day, it is the activity part of the legislature for the satisfaction of the targets set around the political leaders. Administration, legislative issues and the working of systems of government have pulled in the consideration of researchers, western and Indian since time immemorial. Kautilya's 'Arthshastra', the 'Mahabharata', and the 'Ramayana', Aristotle's 'Governmental issues', Plato's 'Republic', Machiavelli's 'The Prince' – give profitable understanding with respect to the working of the state and the legislature. As a field of precise examination, two incredible frameworks of Public Administration had created in the West: the Anglo – American, and the French. The first as L.D. White has pointed out, has been "founded on a profound situated inclination for self government in nearby groups, wide national investment, scattering of specialist, settled obligation of the regulatory framework to the administrative body, and the duty of authorities to the normal common courts at the case of the private native." By differentiate, the French framework which was detailed by Napoleon has been "founded on the grouping of official power; on the predominance of national over nearby experts; on the professionalization of general society administration and its mental division from the assemblage of native; and on the duty of authorities to a different arrangement of regulatory courts." According to F.A. Nigro, Public Administration: - • is a co-operative group effort in a public setting; - • Covers all three branches of government– executive, legislative and judicial – and their interrelationships; - • has an important role in the formulation of public policy and thus a part of the political process; - • is different in significant ways from private administration and ; - • is closely associated with numerous private groups and individuals in providing services to the community.

One of the interesting areas of discussion concerning the nature of Public Administration is public versus private administration. Public and Private administration are often compared and contrasted, though there are some thinkers like Henry Fayol, Mary P. Follett, Luther Gullick, and Lyndall Urwick believe that all administration is one and exhibits the

a) The managerial techniques of planning, organising, coordinating budgeting are common to both. Activities like account keeping, filing are uniform in both public as well as private administration. b) The principles of organization are same for both like, hierarchy, scalar chain, span of control etc. c) The private business are subjected to and regulated by governmental rules and regulations. d) The public administration has adopted and influenced by the principles of private administration. For example- the emergence of public corporation. Similarly, the public sector is expected to follow the principles of 3E‘s that is efficiency, economy and effectiveness as practiced by the private sector. e) These days outsourcing, contracting out, voluntary retirement are common in Public sector as well, f) There is considerable exchange of personnel especially at higher level in both Public and Private sector. g) To obtain benefits from private sector, the government these days are undertaking Public Private Partnership (PPP) model in various sectors like health, education, Infrastructure development, housing etc. Therefore on the basis of above similarities one can conclude that both Public and Private Administration are complementing and supplementing each other. The qualification amongst Public and Private is not any more a sharp one. Or maybe one finds obscuring of lines between the two. All association share open and private highlights. Three measurements include Publicness and privateness in the public arena: Organization – alludes to the essential contrast between an operator following up for his or her own benefit (that is secretly) or as an administration official whose activity influences others (that is freely) Intrigue -alludes to who advantages and who endures. Consequently, it is the enthusiasm of the private firm that lone the general population in it or the individuals who claim it are profited by it. Despite what might be expected, it is the enthusiasm of the legislature to serve each individual from the group. access to exercises, space, data and assets. (Nicholas Henry 2008). For a considerable length of time, Public Administration has been characterized from an institutional organization terms. The organization, that is offices held influence over the field's concentration and even now lion's share of essayists bank upon organization point of view when contrasted with premium and access see in breaking down open associations. Because of privatization, prompting ascent of non-state performing artists and comparable different improvements have contributed towards making Public Administration a particular teach, especially when endeavors are made to characterize it as an institutional develop. Options were required and one option that developed was an insightful definition of Public Administration which underlined on open intrigue instead of government offices.

The management of affairs by private individuals or body of individuals is private administration while management of affairs by central, state or local government is public administration. There are some points of similarity between public and private administration. However, there are some basic differences between the public and private administration. The following are the important differences between the two types of administration.

In public administration there is political direction. The administers under public administration has to carry out the orders which he gets from the political executive with no option of his own. Politics is at the core of Public Administration. It has to implement the decisions taken by the political executive. Private administration is not subject to political direction but functions largely on the basis of direction and regulation of market forces.

Public administration is conducted with the motive of service while the motive of private administration is profit making. If private administration is useful to the public, its service to it is a by-product of profit making. Private administration will never undertake a work if it does not bring profit.

In public administration there is an intimate relationship between service rendered and the cost of the service charged from the public. Only such amount of money is raised by taxation, which is necessary for the rendering of service. In private administration income of funds exceeds expenditure because there is usually an attempt to extract as such money as possible from the public. (d). Nature of Functions Public administration is more comprehensive. It deals with the various types of the needs of the people. In a socialist State the scope of State is still larger. Private administration does not cover so many aspects of human life. It mostly concerned with the economics needs of life.

It is considered by many that in public administration efficiency is less. Because of extravagance, redtapism, and corruption, which may dominate in public administration it, may not be in a position to function in an efficient manner. But in private administration the level of efficiency is superior to public administration. The incentive of more profits impels the individuals to devote him more to work.

Public administration has responsibility to the public. It has to face the criticism of the public, press, and political parties. The private administration does not have any great responsibility towards the public. It is only responsible to the people indirectly and that too for securing its own ends and not for the welfare of the people.

The public and private administration also differs on the principles of public relations. Public relations have a narrower content in public administration than in private administration.

Public administration is consistent in procedure and uniform in dealings with the public. In such a system a civil servant cannot show favour to some people and disfavor to others. But private administration need not bother much about uniformity in treatment. The public administrator must maintain a high degree of consistency in his actions. They must serve the public without discrimination. The private administrator of treatment is hallmark of Public Administration.

In the field of public administration, there is generally a monopoly of the government and it does not allow private parties to compete with it. For example, no person can establish post and telegraph, railways etc. But in private administration, several individuals or administrations compete with each other to supply the same commodity or meet the same needs. Thus there is no monopoly in private administration.

Public administration has to very careful in financial matters. Public money is to be spend meticulously and according to the prescribed procedure. It is the legislature, which exercises financial control over executive. But there is no difference between finance and administration in private administration. There is no external financial control.

Public Administration carries a greater social prestige than private administration. Service to the community is the basic characterising public administration.

The social consequence of public administration will be great because a defect in it will do more harm to the public. But in private administration this will be less. Even if any harm is done by it will be of less significance and thereby may be negligible.

The Public Administration has certain distinctive features, which differentiate it from private administration. Public Administration is far more closely tied up with the constitution and formal laws of a country than private administration. It is thus closest to political science and emphasises elements such as equality, fairness and rule of law in decision- making. Private administration, on the other hand, stands by profit, effectiveness, cost- benefit analysis. The difference between the two is more apparent than real. Both respond to the environment differently‘ which inevitably produces consequences for the functioning of organisation and their management. It can be concluded that public and private administration are the two species of the same genus, but they have special values and techniques of their own which give to each its distinctive character.

destinations to be specific country building and financial advance. Furthermore, it needs to manage social disorder, political precariousness prompting intermittent upheavals of shared craze, riots, between gather conflicts furthermore, secessionist propensities in larger part of these states. The significant weight of improvement work fall on the general population associations in these states. From the above discourse, it takes after that part of Public Administration in created social orders is subjective while in creating social orders it is subjective and quantitative. In created society, Public Administration is under impulse to legitimize itself in wording of private endeavor. In creating social orders open organization is fundamental to advancement.

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Research Scholar, MA Public Administration