A Study on the Challenges and Opportunities in the Way of Aatamnirbhar Bharat

For feasible rustic improvement, government needs to start various logical research where the essential point ought to be to urge the provincial ranchers to actualize the logical routes in the horticultural exercises. Ranchers ought to be encouraged to pick the natural agribusiness with the goal that the creation level of the yields can be improved in a superior manner. There are numerous ways by which the states of the ranchers can be improved. The greater part of the ranchers need to confront misfortune in the horticulture because of inaccessibility of legitimate measure of water from the beginning. To beat this sort of issue, the ranchers are should have been mindful about the methods of downpour harvesting with the goal that they can store the downpour water and make this water reusable by sifting it. For appropriate improvement of the rustic zones, the exercises other than identified with the agribusiness should be received so the reliance of the country ranchers towards the farming exercises can be limited viably. Nourishment handling systems are acceptable choice for the rustic ranchers where they can acquire great cash from the creation. It likewise encourages the proficient use of the harvest creation and enables the state of the ranchers. Henceforth, these sorts of the approaches and projects can assume a decent job in the manageable rustic advancement. The greatest test for supportable provincial improvement is that the greater part of the rustic ranchers of our nation are not instructed and because of absence of logical information, they will in general utilize the accessible farming offices in wasteful manner and subsequently, they some of the time, need to confront misfortune in the rural creation. The vast majority of the ranchers need to take advances so as to endure. The money related state of the vast majority of the Indian ranchers is terrible to such an extent that some of them needed to pick the method for suicide. Government strategies are less adaptable that it can help the ranchers in recuperating the expense of the creation of harvests. In the greater part of the cases, it is discovered that ranchers went through a ton of cash for the creation of harvest however at the hour of selling, they are not given legitimate rates for the yields and they need to confront misfortune. With the expanding populace, interest for essential needs has been steeply ascending during the previous five decades in the majority of the creating nations. The developing populaces need nourishment, apparel, asylum, fuel and grain for their domesticated animals. In India, more than 60-70% of the individuals are living in country regions who neither have satisfactory land possessions nor exchange administration chances to create or acquire these wares. Without sufficient work openings, the provincial individuals can't produce enough wages to support their experience the ill effects of deficiency of clean drinking water, unexpected frailty care and absence of education which antagonistically influence the personal satisfaction. Directly, about 25% of the towns don't have guaranteed wellspring of drinking water for around 4-5 months during the year and around 70-75% of the water doesn't fulfill the guideline endorsed by WHO. Low quality drinking water is antagonistically influencing the wellbeing and a loose bowel is a significant reason for newborn child mortality.

BAIF Development Research Foundation (formerly registered as the Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation) is a voluntary organisation, established in 1967, as a Public Charitable Trust. Considering the challenges in rural areas, BAIF has set its mission to create opportunities of gainful self-employment for the rural families, especially disadvantaged sections, ensuring sustainable livelihood, enriched environment, improved quality of life and good human values. This is being achieved through development research, effective use of local resources, extension of appropriate technologies and upgradation of skills and capabilities with community participation. BAIF is a non-political, secular and professionally managed organisation, presently operating in 12,000 villages in India. Family as a Unit for Development: BAIF considers poor rural family as a basic unit for development. This provides an opportunity to identify the target families who require different types of support to come out of poverty. Generally most of the community development programmes consider village as an unit of development where the well to do and influential sections of the society dominate over the poor and exploit the benefit to the maximum extent. Thus such development projects may often create a wider gap between the rich and poor with in the community. Focus on Quality of Life: The overall goal of BAIF is to ensure better quality of life, through promotion of various development activities related to livelihood, health, literacy and moral development. Starvation being the most serious form of poverty, livelihood programme was considered as a priority but it was soon realised that good health and education are basic needs even for taking up livelihood activities. With generation of income, good moral values are also essential for happiness. Excess money, without strong moral education has been distracting the youth towards unproductive and unethical activities. Hence, BAIF is emphasising on blending livelihood programme with education, health care and moral development activities. The essential components of for women and concern for environmental protection. These components are generally acceptable to the community, irrespective of their religious and ethnic backgrounds, which have brought about a significant change in the attitude of the target communities. Assured Livelihood: While promoting various development programmes, the primary goal is to help the target family to come out of poverty, with in a shortest period. The dairy development programme has a gestation period of 3-4 years, till the newly born calf comes into milk production. In land based development programmes the gestation period may vary from 2 to 6 years, depending on the type of farming systems practiced by the farmers. In case of arable crop production, the gestation period is short due to short rotation crops while the fruit and tree crops take 5-6 years to generate income. While promoting these income generation activities there are two critical factors which affect the success of the programmes. Firstly the programme should be well planned to generate substantial income to enable the participating families to come out poverty. Generally small farmers having poor quality land and livestock may not be able to earn substantial income with only one intervention. Hence multi-disciplinary programmes have the advantage. Similarly, small interventions such as kitchen garden, vermi-composting, homestead horticulture in isolation will not help the poor. These interventions can be helpful as a part of an integrated programme. The other important aspect is to provide support during the gestation period. Many of the poor who do not have any resources even to procure their daily ration, are likely to neglect their development work, if no support is available in the form of assistance or wages to ensure their food security. Hence different short term income generation activities need to be designed till the income starts generating from the major interventions. Women Empowerment: Involvement of women in all the development programmes right from the stage of project planning is essential. Although women represent 50% of the population, they also have the major responsibility of grooming children and procuring the basic needs required for food, fuel and fodder securities. Active participation of women in development programmes will help to identify their problems and reduce their drudgery. Environmental Protection: In all the development programmes conservation of the natural resources and protection of the environment are essentially built in, as these are critical for sustainable development. This is particularly important, while dealing with the poor as their primary objective is to earn their livelihood and the development with income generation activities. Blending Development with Research and Training: For effective implementation of various development programmes, the development programmes are supported by applied research and training activities. It is realised that any development programme without research back up is outdated and any research programme without development and extension outlets is academic. Training of the field functionaries and farmers is essential for effective transferring of technologies from laboratories to the field. People’s Organisations: To sustain the benefits of various projects particularly after the completion of the project, BAIF has developed a strategy to promote grassroot level People‘s Organisations, right at the initiation of the projects. Several types of local People‘s Organisations such Self Help Groups (SHG), Village Level Planning Committees, Users Groups of various goods and services, Networks and Federations of SHGs and Village Level Organisations, processing and marketing cooperatives are some of the organisations promoted in the field. These organisations are helpful in motivating the members of the community, particularly the backward and shy members to sustain their interest and take active involvement in various development initiatives. These organisations are also effective in procuring necessary agricultural inputs, disseminating technology, organising post-harvest handling, processing and marketing the produce. Subsequently they work closely with the Panchayat Raj Institutions to participate in various states sponsored development activities as well as to ensure the welfare of their community.

With the organisation of women Self Help Groups (SHG‘s) micro-credit could be availed to meet their consumptive and production needs. Through several on-farm as well as off-farm activities many families could enhance their income. Some of the important activities undertaken by the SHGs of tribal women were establishment of fruit and forest necessaries vegetable cultivation, food processing and collection and processing of minor forest produce. Youth from landless and small land holding families were selected for training in various employments oriented skills such as carpentry, masonry, smithy, processing of fruits and vegetable and marketing. Apart from developing the wastelands for food production and generation of cash income, the project has also helped the farmers to build their capacity through various training and awareness activities, which have contributed to the success of the programme. Golmohammadi F. (2013). Sustainable rural development in Iran: challenges and opportunities (case study: south Khorasan province), Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 3(2), pp. 170-185. Khoso I, Ram N, Mehmood B, Shaikh F, Shafiq K. (2010). Sustainability: Its Changing Paradigm and Rural Development in Sindh, Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 3, No. 4; Decmber 2010. Polidori R, Romano D. (1996). Agricoltura e sviluppo, dattiloscritto, lavoripreparatori di ‗ gricola 96‘ Conferenza Provincialedell‘ Agricoltura, Firenze 18 novembre. Pugliese P. (2001). Organic Farming and Sustainable Rural Development: A Multifaceted and Promising Convergence, SociologiaRuralis, Vol 41, Number 1, January 2001. Shakya S. (2002). The squandering of a promising economy. State of Nepal, Himal Press, Nepal. Statistical Center of Iran.2012. The Yearly Book of Iran‘s Statistics, online: http://Salnameh.sci.org.ir/AllUser /DirectoryTreeComplete.aspx (last accessed 19 December 2012) (In Persian). Suvedi M. (2010). Building Capacity for Sustainable Rural Development: Lessons from Nepal, International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development, (1), pp. 188-193.

Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, NIILM University Kaithal, Haryana