Mulk Raj Anand’s Novel Based on Themes, Social Realism and Societal Values
Exploring Social Realism and Exploitation in Mulk Raj Anand's Novels
by Amol Rattan Marwaha*, Dr. Chhote Lal,
- Published in Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, E-ISSN: 2230-7540
Volume 13, Issue No. 1, Apr 2017, Pages 483 - 485 (3)
Published by: Ignited Minds Journals
ABSTRACT
Mulk Raj Anand is extremely outstanding as an Indian novelist, recognized essayist, reformer, craftsmanship commentator, editorial manager, columnist, a short story author and political lobbyist. He opened another area of scholars of fiction alongside Raja Rao and R. K. Narayan and created a lot of English literature and his dominance in the reasonable and thoughtful depiction of the misused class of Indian society denotes his virtuoso as a socially dedicated novelist. Painted with the colors of social realism Mulk Raj Anand‟s two novels Untouchable and Coolie mirror the in-your-face reality of the Indian society of early many years of twentieth century.Composed with a reason both these novels censure the cutting edge free enterprise Indian society and medieval framework for the bold and lamentable exploitation of poor people and underdog as there is only a genuine, genuine and unpleasant impression of the society in both the novels managing a comparable focal topic of social exploitation, the exploitation of the discouraged and the under-special on account of the scourge of untouchability, poverty, hunger, child work, social governance, social set up of society, traditions, religious conviction, preferences and the suffering of the Indian masses by the powers of private enterprise, industrialism and expansionism. The present examination demonstrates the real nature of social realism in Untouchable and Coolie the epic like novels of M. K. Anand to strike a string in the hearts of the consciententious Indians through an excellent and genuine to life depiction of the abused masses of Indian society.
KEYWORD
Mulk Raj Anand, novel, themes, social realism, societal values, Indian society, fiction, Untouchable, Coolie, exploitation, poverty, hunger, child labor, social governance, industrialism, expansionism
1. INTRODUCTION
In India, there are distinctive dialects and literatures. India is nation where the social root is the same however there are checked contrasts in local literatures inferable from the virtuoso of separate dialects in which they are composed. There are sure developments that have profoundly influenced every one of the local Indian literatures. However, there are such a significant number of local literatures in India as there are dialects yet the fundamental string is the same and they weave a lovely natural entirety. The way that Indian literatures are a result of a multilingual, multicultural and socio-authentic mélange can't be ignored. Today Indian literature came to at the summit of creation with the commitment of territorial and national journalists. Mulk Raj Anand (1905-2004) was "first" to his name among current Indian creators who have picked the English dialect as their medium of articulation. He was one of the most seasoned specialists in the field; he has sixteen novels, a novelette and nine accumulations of short stories surprisingly which rank him the most productive essayist of Indian English composition. Novelist, short story essayist, craftsmanship commentator, workmanship student of history, writer of children's literature, educator, Mulk Raj Anand's commitment to culture and literature is gigantic. As books it is around 100 volumes of exceedingly imaginative, and also significantly academic, works, all in English. Mulk Raj was a way breaker. He, in organization with Raja Rao and R.K. Narain, initiated the time of what is marked the Indian English - or the Indo-Anglian - Novel. Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable, was the herald of this class, and the western abstract circles pricked up their ears and eyes to the introduction of this new writing.
2. DR. MULK RAJ ANAND - THE NOVELIST OF INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE
With regards to Indians writing in English, likewise with numerous others in their provincial dialects also, the way toward dealing with custom and the contemporary towards building up an indigenous
the capacity to observe four noteworthy stages in this direction, that are clear and, for the principle, to a great extent acknowledged: the primary stage is one of finish subservience and scholarly bondage, the second one of aggregate rebellion and a falling back on edgy nativity and national personality, the third a kind of internationalism and universalization (sadharanikarana), and the last, relatively simultaneous with the third, one of imaginative coordination. These are obviously, summed up sees and all things considered are not strict compartments; there are overlapping, expectations, and review developments also. Be that as it may, along these lines of mapping out the topography of Indian Writing in English, I accept, absolutely has its focal points, particularly when one methodologies the territory out of the blue. In the historical backdrop of this literature similarly as with some other, there have additionally been periods of experimentation with content and in addition frame. For a dialect that has been embedded from an alternate region and culture, and that which has been retained and absorbed by a once-colonized personality, writing in the English dialect in India displays a sensational and dynamic history. It has additionally created a radical new convention completely inundated in indigenous values and culture.
The novels of Mulk Raj Anand inside their complex of topical structure and procedures welcome massive potential outcomes of investigations and bits of knowledge. Aside from the endless number of studies embraced on Mulk Raj Anand, the topical parts of his novels, even in their customary arrangement offer numerous understandings and bits of knowledge. Man and society shape a variegated texture of life. Inside the confounded structure of society lie the delights and distresses of man. Mulk Raj Anand with his introduction to different social speculations and theories has unendingly endeavored to display a fair and equitable vision of life. His novels manage socio-economic parts of life. As a dynamic essayist identifying with the Sarva hara (the denied class of society), Mulk Raj Anand imagines a universe of adoration and human concern.
3. MULK RAJ ANAND‘S UNTOUCHABLE AND COOLIE : SOCIAL ASPECTS
The novelist Mulk raj Anand pictures the states of discouraged people. The casteism was extreme amid that period. The Indian rank system is the customary association of South Asia, especially Hindu Society into chain of importance of innate gatherings called stations. Hindu religious standards underlay the station progressive system and farthest point the ways that standings can collaborate. Riches and influence for the most part ascend with standing status; however people might be rich or poor. For the degree unclean, for example, taking care of junk, fertilizer or carcasses in light of the fact that their touch dirtied. Mulk Raj Anand was excessively strong, making it impossible to show his legend Bakha, from the above untouchable. He has picked this character as the legend of the story 'Untouchable' and he composes to a great degree lovely about his poignancy and distresses. Truth is told, to state honestly that all the previously mentioned novels composed by the three novelists manage society and human values. In many spots their sentiments are same, in spite of the fact that a couple of conditions give some distinction of conclusion. Richard Wright and Arvind Adiga are partial to socialism and they are great for socialistic approach. Mulk Raj Anand, who composed before India's autonomy, was an opportunity contender and he needed to overhaul the discouraged society of India.
4. HUMANIST RE-READING AND APPROACH IN THE WORK OF MULKRAJ ANAND
The term humanism is something questionable and exhaustive to signify. It is teaching that stresses particularly human intrigue and goals. Humanism is a lifestyle which depends on human limits and regular and social sources. It is a demeanor which requires the acknowledgment of duty regarding human life in this world, accentuating regular regard and perceiving human autonomy. The humanist holds quick and fundamental and certified values of life. Reference book Britanica characterizes humanism, "as any system of thought which relegates a noticeable enthusiasm to the issues of men as contrasted and the heavenly or unique". Different humanists maintain or decipher it with various ways. Generally, humanism was a renaissance principle which stretch the fundamental worth, respect and capability of men. The renaissance humanism raise human respect by learning and human salvation dragged legendary component out of spotlight. The best articulation of humanism can be expressed in man's doing his obligation notwithstanding going past it, I. e. when he builds up the characteristics for human welfare. In the contemporary world naturalistic humanism has increased much prominence.
5. CONCLUSION
Anand has made a unique place as a writer of Indian writing in English. The class – novel is very new and undeveloped up to the season of Anand however Anand has contributed a ton in the advancement and sustenance of Indian English Literature. From the time Indo-Anglian literature, Indian novel thrived in its
English. The concise history itself shows that the Indian experimental writing thrived in the hands of Anand, Raja Rao and Narayan yet it was Rabindranath Tagore who lifted Indian literature at world level and picked up for present day India a place on the world scholarly history that won Noble Prize for "Gitanjali" and influenced India on worldwide to scale. In the rundown of awesome benefactors, Sri Aurobindo additionally remains at top.
Mulk Raj Anand was a writer as well as a social reformist. He has social concerns and humanity for the oppressed which made him a reformist. He has concentrated on the social reality of stifled people. His works influence the peruser to contemplate over it. The social reality which Anand has displayed in the entirety of his real novels made him a socialist and humanist. His first novel - Untouchable (1935) is a record of an average day for its hero Bakha, an untouchable sweeper kid. Mulk Raj Anand's delineation of the act of untouchability is basically a matter of grandiose religiosity and exploitation. By an exceptionally very much worked out system of emotional incongruity and by comparing the predicament of Sohini with that of Bakha, the novelist has strengthened the delegate character of the figure of the untouchable. Mulk Raj Anand in Untouchable uncovered the social realism in contemporary Hindu society. The delineation of social treachery to the untouchables in Hindu society made the work generally prevalent. Here Anand can be viewed as a genuine pragmatist and reformist.
REFERENCES
Mulk Raj Anand (1980). Across the Black Waters, Orient Paperbacks, New Delhi. Mulk Raj Anand (1981). Untouchanble, (New Delhi: Arnold Mulk Raj Anand (1983). Private Life of an Indian Prince, Arnold Heinemann, New Delhi. Mulk Raj Anand (2001). Untouchable, (New Delhi : Penguin Books India (P) Ltd.), p. 75. The subsequent references are given within the text. Naik, M.K. (1973). Mulk Raj Anand, New Delhi, Aarnold Heneman Naik, M.K. (1985). Dimensons of Indian English Literatare, New Delhi : Stirling Pablishers. Naik, M.K. (2006). A History of Indian English Literature, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi. Narasimhaiah, C. P. (2001). ―Mulk Raj Anand: The Novel of Human Centrality.‖ South Asian Review; 15: pp. 18-30. Niven, Alastair (2008). The Yoke of Pity, A Study in the Fictional Writings of Mulk Raj Anand. New Delhi: Arnold-Heinmann. Paul, Premila: ‗Thematic Study of Mulk Raj Anand‘s Novels‘. Premila Paul (1983). ―The Novels of Mulk Raj ANAND: A Thematic Study‖, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. Publishers, p.11. S.A. Khan (2000). Mulk Raj Anand: The Novel of Commitment, (New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors), pp. 22-23. Saros Cowasjee (1977). So Many Freedoms, A study of major fiction of Mulk Raj Anand , Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Sheron Jyoti (2010). Mulk Raj Anand and Charles Dickens: A Comparative Study (Jaipur Book Enclave). Sigh Amrik, Mulk Raj Anand (2008). Role and Achievement, New Delhi: National Book Trust. Singh, P.K. (2001). Major Indo-English Novelists & Novels, Sublime Publication, Jaipur, p. 40
Corresponding Author Amol Rattan Marwaha*
Research Scholar of OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan