A Study of Management on Selected Heritage Tourism of South India with Special Reference to Sri Rangam

Conservation of the character of noteworthy towns and alleviating the effects of new advancement has been a difficult assignment for spatial arranging specialists all through the world. In saving the character of notable towns, security of significant perspectives on heritage structures and milestones assumes a significant job. The vast majority of these heritage structures unequivocally contribute in framing a picture for the noteworthy town. The presence of such perspectives, frequently containing understood loved milestones and scenes, enhances our day by day lives, draws in traveler and enables our networks to thrive. "Perspectives have a significant influence in molding our gratefulness and comprehension of memorable condition, in towns and urban areas and in the open country. A few sees are intended to be viewed as a solidarity, all the more generally, a huge view is a chronicled composite, the combined aftereffect of a long history" (LVMF 2008). Be that as it may, in the Indian setting, due accentuation has not been put in conservation of the perspectives on consecrated monuments, the uncontrolled urban improvement around which has taken steps to hinder the traditionally delighted in sees. Among the consecrated structures, Gopurams essentially contributed the picture and personality of sanctuary towns of South India. Gopurams are entrance entryways of sanctuaries, situated in the cardinal bearings in the dividers circling the sanctuary complex (Balasubramanian, 2004) and are novel to Hindu Temple design of Dravidian style which prospered in Tamil Nadu. The Gopuram, as an object of love, motivates and impacts different consecrated exercises and ceremonies which are normally performed in the spots in its region, in the shadow of the sanctuaries. Run of the mill consecrated spaces which traditionally had visual association with the Gopurams are the washing ghats, walk ways, pradakshina ways, parade courses and spaces where impermanent festivals, and so on are performed (Rana Singh, 1993). In contemporary practice, the customs and hallowed exercises are expanded and supplanted by an assortment of urban capacities, for example, play areas, open parks, courts and other urban open spaces that are to a great extent connected with relaxation time exercises. Comparable changes are found in the viewscapes of the Gopurams. These consecrated Gopurams were worked to be seen and adored from far just as close. The buildings, which once remained in disengagement and overwhelmed their encompassing, are presently in risk of losing their perceivability. They never again have their visual connections in the more extensive setting and, as a rule, are probably going to be lost in the quick setting. This issue is caused fundamentally by the expansion in stature of the encompassing improvement which is likewise not reliable with the notable structure. Insurance and valuation for sees

contemplations. In the above setting this examination means to comprehend the different issues related with rationing the perspectives on Gopurams of South Indian Temples. Specifically it evaluates the nature of perspectives and the nature of spot from where the view is accessible. This examination looks at and evaluates the view accessibility and view nature of sacrosanct monuments from different open places in the memorable sanctuary towns. The two cases picked for study are the Vimanam of the Brahadeeswara Temple of Thanjavur, and the Rajagopuram of the Ranganathasamy Temple at Srirangam. The result of the examination helps in the recognizable proof of the significant view which should be secured in these two urban communities.

The significance of visual appraisal study in urban investigation has for quite some time been perceived. The development of the city of Rome and early Italian slope towns have been impacted by built up observable pathways (Bacon, E.1967), and the arranged advancement of outwardly conspicuous areas. The visual effect ponders have now become piece of urban structure and arranging process. A few urban communities all through world direct comparative investigations identified with viewscape examination and view security (for instance, London View Management Framework, 2010; Seattle View Protection Policy, 2001). Throughout the years two sorts of visual investigations have risen some concentrating on scene as the visual courtesy and others concentrating on memorable structures/milestones. A portion of the conspicuous examinations that emphasis on see security of Townscape, Buildings, Landmarks are The Capitol View Preservation study, Austin (1983), The Ottawa Views, City of Ottawa (1993), and London View Management Framework, London (2010), while The Vancouver Skyline study, Vancouver (1997), Scenic Views, locales and halls, Oregon (1991) center around assurance of perspectives on the characteristic scene encompassing the city. The investigation of the city of (Seattle View Protection arrangement, Seattle, 2001) is unmistakable for equivalent spotlight on both Protection of perspectives on Buildings and Surrounding Landscape. Different learns about Cambridge urban character and viewscape appraisal (Lise Bucher, 2005) (in light of philosophy created by Gabriel Cherem), utilized Visitor Employed Photography (VEP) as an instrument to gather open pictures of the scene. VEP has been utilized to recognize the agreement photos with urban highlights which people in general worth the most, and should be saved and ensured. The examinations referenced above created techniques which include reviewing, investigating, and creating suggestions for security of thoughts from a significant gathering of residents. The 'London View Management Framework', which exhibited a methodology that unmistakably fit the requirements for our motivation in grouping and mapping the perspectives, gave the most helpful data to this investigation. The advanced pictures and pictures from the examinations were of incentive as they envisioned the outcomes all the more obviously. By and large, the investigations furnished with valuable data that guided this examination towards distinguishing the significant perspectives and viewscape protection. Moreover, it was found from the writing that International Charters on World Heritage don't secure or characterize the significant perspectives explicitly (François LeBlanc, 2008). Of every one of these contracts and reports, just two utilize the word sees with regards to perspectives to and from notable monuments and destinations. Notwithstanding the above examinations, an audit of writing on Computational Visibility Analysis shows a long history since 1960. Thiel (1961) first attempted to dissect unequivocally the visual properties of spatio-worldly ways through the manufactured condition; Benedikt (1979) saw isovist proportions of obvious space all through arrangements and the related visual fields through space that they produce. As of late endeavors have been stretched out to a 3D approach Viewshed, 3D isovist , Spatial Openess Index ((Dafna Fisher-Gewirtzman, etal 2005), Viewshphere (Perry Pei-Ju, et al 2007) are a few strategies created to quantify unmistakable urban space quantitatively. The previously mentioned examinations have created devices to unbiasedly gauge urban space, yet engineering and urban spaces are too intricate to even think about being assessed distinctly by metric devices. There is requirement for subjective appraisal. The past research on see insurance contemplates in Western nations concentrated on issues of distinguishing and ensuring the perspectives on milestone structures and common scene, the review place attributes were not underlined in those examinations in detail. In the Indian setting studies and research explicitly concentrating on perspectives on notable milestones and their protection were not given significance. In any case, there is a requirement for such research to ensure the perspectives on enormous number of our antiquated monuments, which are always compromised by the encompassing urban advancement which cloud the traditionally appreciated perspectives. This examination is an endeavor to fill that hole by considering and contrasting the perspectives on two consecrated monuments by evaluating their perspectives utilizing an appraisal outline work model. The strategy utilized in this examination includes the accompanying stages:. Stage 1: Selection of two holy monuments (Vimanam of the Brahadeeswar Temple, Thanjavur and, Rajagopuram of Ranganathasamy Temple, Srirangam), which have otherworldly, engineering and notable criticalness. Stage 2: (a) Inventorying the accessible perspectives on sacrosanct monuments from different headings and separation; (b) Photographs taken from the Assessment View Points clarified or shaded to show the review direction towards the landmark in the city plan ; photos, if applicable, to show the dynamic idea of the (View hallways); (c) Documenting the survey place by watching and recording its physical characteristics; (d) A View Plane Map is set up by demonstrating the locational connection between different view focuses and the review courtesy. Stage 3: Modified view appraisal system is created for dissecting the perspectives and the survey place. It contains the accompanying properties for viewscape: (a) Visibility of the landmark; (b) Classification of view, in light of separation; (c) Type of view; (d) Dominance in horizon; (e) Background and Foreground of the review plane; (f) Obstruction Type. If there should arise an occurrence of the review place, the properties were: (a) Type of survey place; (b) Place qualities of the view point, i.e., (i) Location, (ii) Appraisal see point, (iii) Place rise, (iv) Exercises, (vi) General atmosphere, and, (g) Potential watchers. Stage 4: Representative example of nine perspectives and their particular survey places were chosen (three perspectives in every order of perspectives dependent on separation), and were additionally examined for their centrality. Stage 5: Comparative investigation of perspectives on both the consecrated monuments in the examination territory was embraced and their similitudes and contrasts were watched. Coming up next is the adjusted view evaluation structure with relative weightage criteria for investigating the perspectives on holy monuments and for recognizing the significant perspectives. Perceivability of the Gopuram: High (visiblity of the structure is over 90%, without any hindrances), Moderate (visibitiy go 70% - 90%, with barely any deterrents), Average (perceivability run half - 70%, with more obstacles), Poor (obstucted by lasting items, incomplete visbility, perceivability run under half) Order of View: Immediate Views (inside 500m from see pleasantry), Intermediate Views (betweenn 500m to 1000m from see enhancement) and, Distant Views ( more than 1000m from see luxury) Review Place: View from ways and avenues, View from open parks and open grounds, View from semi-open spots, consecrated spots, View from water bodies, sacrosanct tanks, streams, and so on. iv. Sorts of view: Visual passage, Panoramic, Serial perspectives, Framed Views and, Street-end sees v. Predominance in horizon: The effect of silhoute of the landmark in the horizon (High, Marginal and Low) vi. Checks types: Buildings, Signages, Communication and Utility Lines, Vegetation, Hoardings, Temporary incubated rooftops (pandal), and so forth. Foundation and Foreground of the View Plane vii. Spot qualities of view focuses: Enclosure, Activities, Landuse, Place Elevation, General Ambience, and so forth. viii. Potential Viewers: Locals, Pilgrims, Tourist and Non-Religious Tourist ix. View Significance: Ranked among the chose perspectives dependent on viewscape attributres

noteworthy perspectives on holy structures it is critical to think about the perspectives on various notable settings in order to recognize the shared characteristics in the viewscape. In contrasting the settings of the examination region, both the memorable sanctuaries have high chronicled and profound values. The Srirangam sanctuary is a significant Vaishnavite focus, which has

Nearby just as national essentialness. The Brahadeeswara sanctuary at Thanjavur is a World Heritage landmark and has worldwide hugeness. When contrasting the situation of the monuments and their perspectives concerning the design of the sanctuaries, the Rajagopuram is situated on the external region of Srirangam Temple, works as an entryway to the sanctuary and, is obvious in total from outside the sanctuary complex. The transcending vimanam of Brahadeeswara sanctuary is a piece of the primary holy place inside the sanctuary complex. The full perspective on the vimanam Fig. can be acknowledged uniquely by watchers who enter its deepest walled in area. The sanctuary is encompassed by a fortification divider and a channel, which however going about as a support against any new improvement in the quick region and ensures the perspective on the vimanam, it additionally hinders the perspective on the base structure of the sanctuary. Fig In inaccessible perspectives, both these structures are unmistakable from numerous miles. Srirangam's sanctuary, the Rajagopuram is encompassed by improvement around it and there are a few components which infringe the view outline (signage, hoardings, electrical cables, rooftop projections, and so on.) and take away from the general visual quality. The absence of elite assigned perspectives to encounter the Rajagopuram see is for the most part because of the overwhelming volume of extension to improve the environs of the Rajagopuram to give such assigned view focuses. The all encompassing perspective on the Rajagopuram from different vantage focuses along the south bank of stream Cauvery, alongside the vegetation in the frontal area and the other littler gopurams out of sight, upgrades the view setting. The all encompassing perspective on the Rajagopuram from Rockfort Temple is the most visited perspective by local people and vacationer (Fig.18). A comparative all encompassing perspective, demonstrating the strength of the vimanam in the horizon of the Thanjavur city, is accessible from Arsenal Tower (Fig. 9). The Ammamandapam see (Fig.16) of the Rajagopuram is the beginning stage of the visual hall, framing a consistent arrangement of perspectives from the Ammamandapam to the Rajagopuram. The nature of view continues changing because of the fenced in area qualities and vegetation in the frontal area. In a portion of the critical perspectives distinguished in both the investigation territories, the nearness of obstructive components which hinder the view somewhat was watched.

The hallowed feelings experienced by pioneers and strict devotees are for the most part impacted by the qualities of the consecrated spot. The hallowed landmark with its emblematic importance, as communicated through its physical area, plan, format and structure, effectively draws in the adherent to encounter its holiness and its compositional magnificence. The methodological view evaluation of holy monuments has uncovered that both the monuments have high visual quality and a firmly characterized feeling of spot, described by their engineering structure. Given their predominance as far as tallness and size they are exceptionally obvious from numerous open places. The consequences of the examination exhibit the technique for evaluation of perspectives in order to distinguish the huge viewscapes for safeguarding and upgrade. This examination not just arranges the noteworthy perspectives, perspectives, visual passageways which should be secured yet in addition distinguishes the discouraging components which should be expelled from the viewscape. The examination has additionally uncovered that the qualities of the review place have almost no impact on the criticalness of the view. Regardless of whether the general climate of the review place is poor, it is still valued and frequented if the point offers the best see accessible. Be that as it may, improving such view spots will upgrade the survey understanding. AUBOYER, J. (1969). Sri Ranganathaswami -- A temple of Vishnu in Srirangam. Srirangam: Srirangam Temple Publication. BACON, E. (1967) Design of Cities. London:Thames and Hudson, BALASUBRAMANIAM, K. (1994). ―Thanjavur: AD 600-1850‖, Thanjavur: Thiruvaduthurai Adinam Publication. (Language: Tamil). BALASUBRAMANIAM, K. (2004). ‗Gopurams Kalai Marabu‘ Traditional. Thanjavur: Koirkalangium. (Language: Tamil) BENEDIKT, M. L. (1979). To take hold of space: isovists and isovist fields. Environment and Planning B. 6. pp. 47-65 http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b060047 BURCHER, L. (2005). ‗Urban Character and Viewscape Assessment‘, paper presented at ISoCaRP congress. [Online] Available from: www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/643.pdf. [Accessed: 23.11.2012] BUREAU OF PLANNING PORTLAND (1991). Scenic Views Sites and Corridors, Scenic Resources Protection Plan. Oregon: Bureau of Planning Portland CITY OF AUSTIN (1983). Capitol View Preservation Study. [Online] Available from: https:// transformgov.org/Documents/Document/Docu ment/301744 [Accessed: 14.10.2012] CITY OF SEATTLE (2001). Seattle view protection policy, volume 1, Space Needle – Executive report & recommendations. Seattle: City of Seattle. CITY OF VANCOUVER (1997). Special Council Meeting Minutes: Downtown Vancouver Skyline Study. [Online] Available from: http://www.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/cclerk/970407/ skyline.htm. [Accessed: 17.01.2013] GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY (2008). Supplementary Planning Guidance -- London View Management Framework (LVMF). [Online] Available from: http://www.london.gov. uk/priorities/planning/supplementary-planning-guidance [Accessed: 17.01.2013] LEBLANC, F. (2008). ‗World Heritage: Defining and Protecting Important views‘ paper presented at Round Table, Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, Montreal. [Online] Available from: http://www.icomos.org/fleblanc/publications.html. [Accessed: 03.01.2013] Religion and Place Attachment: A Study of Sacred Places. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 24. p. 385-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.08.005 SINGH, R. P. B. (1993). Introduction: The Layout of Sacred Places. Architecture & Behaviour. 9(2). pp. 161-162. THIEL, P. (1961). A sequence experience notation for architectural and urban space. Town Planning Review. 32. pp. 33- 52. ZACHARIAS J., (1999). Preferences for view corridors through the urban environment, Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning. 43. pp. 217-225