Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Financial, Cultural & Social Rights, the International Covenant on Fundamental human rights are a trinity sometimes referred to as the Magna Carter on Civilization. 1 (Dube, M.P, Bora Neeta (2000) ISBN - 81-86565-80-9.Perspective on Human Rights.Anamikapublihsers & Distributors (P) LTD. New Delhi 110002)

Online Definition of Declaration of human rights‘ is used for various international instruments. International human rights declarations ore not legally binding - 2 (http:// www. human rights - online org/online - human - rights resources/definition - human - right - conclusion - 27th July, 2010..) A crucial start point for understand human rights, UDHR (UN 1948) that has been adopted by all nations of the United Nations (3 Reichert 2001) The declaration that carries out a list of basic human rights is not legally binding on every country, however, at the least, A country which recognizes the declaration demonstrates its determination to protect the rights carried out in the declaration. The Fundamental Declaration comprises three different collections or classes of human rights. 1) Negative Rights - lists political & individual freedoms includes due process, freedom of speech and religion, freedom of movement & assembly as well as guarantees against discrimination, slavery and torture (UN, 1948 Article 2-15) 2) Positive Rights - attempts to ensure each individual an adequate standards of living, Everybody have right of living standards that is sufficient for health & well-being of himself & his families, such as food, clothes, accommodation, medical treatment, respectively., and everybody have rights of free education as of the basic level (UN, 1948, Art. 16-27) 3) Collective Rights - Solidarity among Nations and individuals are a core value of the declaration. Anyone has the right to a democratic & international system under which 'democracy & liberties' laid forth in the declaration will be completely fulfilled. The promotion of collective human rights requires inter-governmental co operation on world issues such as environmental protection and economic development. (Reichert Elisabeth (2008) challenges in Human Rights.Rawat publications. New Delhi 110002. page 7&8) The UDHR, which was proclaimed with General Assembly of UN on 10th December, 1948, contains thirty Articles that specify set of rights and freedom for the survival of mankind. The specified rights include: - Rights to life, liberty & personal security - Rights from slavery & servitude - Freedom from arbitrary arrest & detention - The right to fair test with independent & impartial panel - The right to be supposed innocent awaiting prove guilty - Freedom from interference with one‘s home or correspondence - Rights of movement & residence - The freedom to a nationality - Freedom of opinion & expression - Freedom of peaceful assembly & association - The right to vote & participate in Governments - The right to social security - The right to work; - The right to sufficient living standard - The freedom to learning - The freedom to participating in the cultural life of the community. (Dash, BN (2008) Trends and Issues in Indian Education. Dominant publishers and Distributors, New Delhi - 110002 P/463&464)

CONCLUSION:

The UDHR adopted with General Assembly in 1948 has been accepted by Virtually all of days 150 states. (Rajawat, (2001).Burning issues of Human Rights.Kalpaz publications. Delhi-110052) UDHR represented the highest aspirations of human kind by drawing together, for first time, ideas shirted by many political, cultural and religious traditions and spelling out of the contents of human rights. During 30 articles, the Proclamation carries out human freedoms & equality for all peoples, covering civil, political, economic, social & cultural rights. The Declaration have no legal force. This is set of moral rules. The power and impact of these moral rules and their applicability may be judged by their widespread acceptance and incorporation into domestic legislations and jurisdiction of various countries. The Universal declaration was adopted on 10th December is observed as the Human Rights day all over the World. It is idle to pretend that all of us in the world enjoy these human rights just because it is provided by declaration. (AlamAftab (2000) Human Rights in India. Raj publications Delhi 110009 (India).

1948 - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1966 - International Covenant on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966 - International Covenant on Civil & political Rights (ICCPR) 1979 - Convention on the Elimination of every form of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 1984 - Convention Against Torture & Another Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) 1986 - Declaration on the Rights of the Child(UN CRC) 2000 - Millenium Declaration 2003 - International Convention on the security of Rights of every Migrant workers & Members of their Families (ICMRW/MWC) 2006 - Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

1. Dube, MP Bora Neeta (2000) ISBN – 81 - 86565-80-9. Perspective on Human Rights.Anamika publishers and Distributors (P) LTD. New Delhi – 110002 2. Dash, BN (2008). Trends and Issues in Indian Education.Dominant publishers and Distributors. New Delhi - 110002. 3. Kenl L Jawahar (1995) Human Rights. Issues and perspectives.Regency publications, New Delhi - 100008. 4. Rajawat (2001). Burning issues of Human Rights.Kalpaz publications Delhi - 110052. 5. Alam Aftab (2000) Human Rights in India. Raj publications. Delhi - 110009 (India) 6. Reichert Elisabeth (2008) challenges in Human Rights. A social perspectives. Rawat publications. New Delhi - 110002.

Librarian, Govt. J. Thankima College