E-Resources in Economics: A Case Study of e-ShodhSindu Consortium for Higher Education

The library is seen as a source of preparing and guidance to a network of learners who are concerned with exploring the complexities of finding and using advanced resources and services. Also, the move towards a propelled situation has brought about a move from the precise balanced information stream of the past to another model in which the clients and the suppliers of information can relate in many-to-many, one of a kind relationship (Sharifabadi, 2008). Electronic resources have placed themselves at the best need in academic and research affiliations, especially in developing countries. E-resources are the need of the time and have turned into the face estimation of any academic association. The idea of the library is changing quick because of the impact of e-resources. By and by libraries have printed material and what's more best in class resources. The innovation concentrated on the library to digitize information. Electronic resources have the advantage of being more current, and sometimes more comprehensive than comparable print equivalents. Real journal publishers, for example, Elsevier, Springer, and Wiley are currently making hundreds of individual titles available online back to their very first issues. (Sharma, 2012).

Due to increase in the membership cost of e-Resource and price rise of e-journals, libraries are picking the services of Library Consortium and getting the concessional prices for thee-resources. "Library consortia" refers to the cooperation, coordination and joint effort between and among libraries to share information resources. A review of the literature demonstrates that "library consortia" is certainly not a new concept (Golnessa Galyani Moghaddam, V.G. Talawar, 2009). Generally, the typical type of library co-operation was the sharing of affiliation index information, storage facilities, collection development and HR. (Payne, 1998). Later, other countries likewise ventured into co-operative efforts.

Universities under the purview of UGC have been provided UGC-infonet Connectivity and access to scholarly e-Journals and Databases. In view of the suggestion of an Expert Committee, the MHRD has shaped e-ShodhSindhu consolidating three consortia activities, in particular UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, NLIST and INDEST-AICTE Consortium. The e-ShodhSindhu will keep on giving current and what's more recorded access to in excess of 15,000 center and companion specialized institutions, colleges and colleges that are secured under 12(B) and 2(f) Sections of the UGC Act. (https://www.inflibnet.ac.in/ess/)

The fundamental target of the e-ShodhSindu: Consortia for Higher Education E-Resources is to give access to subjective electronic resources including full-content, bibliographic and fair

The critical focuses and objectives of the e-ShodhSindhu are as per the accompanying: • Setting-up e-ShodhSindu: Consortia for Higher Education E-Resources by augmenting furthermore, reinforcing, services offered by three MHRD-funded Consortia; • Develop an impressive gathering of e-journals, e-journal files and digital books; • Monitor and advance utilization of e-resources in part universities, colleges and specialized institutions in India; • Provide access to membership based vigilant information to each educational establishment; • Provide access to watchful substance accessible in open access; • Bridge propelled gap and move towards an information-rich society; • Provide access to chosen e-resources to additional institutions including open universities and MHRD-funded institutions that are not secured under existing consortia; • Take-up additional exercises and services that require collaborative stage; and • Moving towards developing a National Electronic Library with electronic journals and electronic books.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Lingaia (2016) observed libraries are going up against money related crunch which has to the presentation of library cooperation/research sharing. UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium as of late changed to E-ShodhSindhu consortium for Higher Education E-resources with the true objective to give quality e-resources to encourage learning and research exercises covering full content, bibliographical and valid databases. Ali, Naushad (2005) analyzes the utilization of electronic information services among the clients of IIT Library, Delhi. Muthuraj, A (2017) examined 384 Library and Information Science Journals which is indexed in various online databases. Facilitate it similarly broke down and found the Impact Factor, Cite Score and Journal Current Index. In light of the examination the journal of 'Information Communication and Society' indexed in Web of Science database has most elevated Impact Factor (2.109) at that point different journals indexed in Scopus and Indian Citation Index. Lal, Jawahar (2017) ShodhSindhu: Consortium for Higher Education Electronic Resources, Aims and objectives and the number of journals in discipline of Social Sciences of various publishers/aggregator made accessible by e-ShodhSindhu: Consortium for Higher Education Electronic Resources. Jain, (2017) discussed INFLIBNET is supporting every single academic library of India for automation, networking and online information resources for lifelong learning and up-skilling. For University Libraries they have started UGC-INFONET Program and in the same manner for colleges they have created NLIST (National Library and Information Infrastructure for Scholarly Content) program. Presently these all merged in e-Shodh Sundhu. In the present paper we discussed every single real activity of INFLIBNET and its effect on higher education system in India. The paper features the purpose of consortium for academic network and their problems in accessing e-resources. The investigation moreover reveals the strength and weaknesses and suggests necessary corrective measures in future endeavor. UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium as of late changed to eShodhsindhu consortium for Higher Education E-resources with the ultimate objective to give quality e-resources to encourage learning and research exercises covering full content, bibliographical and precise databases (Lingaiah, 2016)

Content Analysis of E-ShodhSindhu website was conducted to analyze the accessibility of E-resources especially in the field of Economics. Information was collected to pertaining to the different categories of E-resources like E-journals, databases, prominent publishers available in the field of Economics and provided to the member university libraries through the Consortium. Data was accessed during December 2017.

Table 1 provides the general information about the eShodhSindhu Consortium. It demonstrates eShodhSindhu Consortium was established in 2015 as Indian University digital library Consortium earlier known as (UGC Infonet Digital Library Consortium)

university libraries in India. Members include 178 Universities, 91 CFTIs, 87 (AICTE funded Engineering Colleges) and 3000+ total Colleges. As of now, 10000+ journals, 3135000+ e-books, 20 types of resources various databases are being provided to the member universities.

Membership refers to the aggregate number of registered users of the consortia. The Consortium have different types of registered users, for example, Universities including 12 (B)/2 (f) State Universities, Central Universities, Deemed Universities (UGC funded), National Law Schools/Universities etc. Table-2 demonstrates the details of the aggregate members of the consortium.

Table 2 above demonstrates that the greater piece of the Indian Universities are participants belongs to eShodhSindhu Consortium i.e. indicate as in December 2017, 178 universities including 38 Central universities 19 Deemed Universities and 12 National Law Schools are getting benefit of price concession in getting e-resources with the help of consortia. There are CFTIs (Centrally Funded Technical Institutes) including most extreme NITs (31) then IITs likewise (21) as well as 17 IIMs are the members of the consortia furthermore getting membership of the consortia. Aside from that there are some AICTE funded Engineering Colleges (79) and universities are furthermore members of the Consortium. In addition, the Consortium also provides access to 6500+ journals and 31,50,000+ eBooks to 2,972 colleges under the NLIST programme.

Universities and other higher learning Institutions in India are getting different types of e-resources through the eShodhSindhu Consortium and getting these very of expense through the membership. Table 6.1.1 Table-3 shows the different types of e-resources accessed by the universities.

Table-3 describes the different types of electronic databases provided to different universities through eShodhSindhu Consortium in the field of Economics. It demonstrates the full text e-databases in Economics provided to number of Institutes and furthermore the total number of journals provided and also in Economics. It demonstrates, as in December 2017 most extreme number of journals are provided through JSTOR i.e. 3000+ with 181 Economics journals to 210 Institutes then followed by Springer Link i.e.1700+ journals and 107 in Economics to 200 Institutes and furthermore through the Taylor and Francis i.e. 1076 journals with 96 Economics journals to 129 Institutes through the Consortium.

Capital line database gives crucial and market information on in excess of 35,000 Indian recorded and unlisted organizations, grouped under in excess of 300 businesses, nearby powerful explanatory instruments. Broad information and examination on each affiliation profile, directors, over 10-year financials (P&L, monetary record, salary, merged budgetary information, section information, forex information, R&D information, degrees), quarterly outcomes, possession design, completed things,

CRISIL Research Services empowers to track the execution and perspective of industries by giving access to information, research and examination. It provide long haul and here and now future perspective toward these industries and the elements that affect its performance and efficiency. It provides access to EcoView, multi month to month document published by CRISIL, provides a comprehensive investigation of the Indian full scale economy. It examines trends in key variables, exhaustive forecasts based on the fundamental economic investigation and connecting full scale trends and issues to small scale variables like association sales, benefits, and getting costs.

EPWRF India Time Series (EPWRF ITS) is a novel online database giving fundamental estimations on the Indian economy in time arrangement configuration. This has more than 30,000 factors organized in 16 modules covering a scope of substantial scale economic, financial and social fields, for instance, 1. National Accounts Statistics of India 2. Domestic Product of States of India 3. Price Indices 4. Agricultural Statistics 5. Annual Survey of Industries 6. Industrial Production Series 7. External Sector 8. Financial Markets 9. Banking Statistics 10. Insurance 11. Finances of the Government of India 12. Finances of State Governments 13. Combined Government Finances 14. Power Sector Contingent upon the information availability, data series starts from 1950. Upwards of 10 modules contain state-wise data. Furthermore, Banking Statistics module provides banking pointers for 653 locale. • Indiastat (http://www.indiastat.com/) Indiastat.com gives extensive financial information about India and its segments, states and locales. Incepted in the year 2000, Indiastat.com has now been effectively authorize to serve the overall research clique for over sixteen years. The group of Indiastat.com contain 56 relate websites, which incorporates 31 state-particular websites, 19 area particular websites and 6 locale particular websites. Factual information on Indiastat.com envelops of systematically arranged financial information which is sorted in 32 wide information classifications and exhibited in an easy to use configurations e.g. MS-Excel/Word/HTML gatherings.

India's driving database portal utilized by famous value explores houses, educational institutions, corporate and banks. Knowledge is Dion's proprietary database entryway, and includes in-depth information on corporate, regular assets, primary and secondary markets, classified news, yearly reports library, inquiry developer and select briefs on current events, IPO, subsidiaries, world Indices, protection and For-ex data base. Synopsis of New Changes: Now the new Insight presents with another measurement in responsive designing.

The Institute for Studies in Industrial Development (ISID), a supported association of the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), is an open funded, non-commercial innovative work establishment in sociology. ISID was set up as a free relationship to endure on the work started by the Corporate Study Group (CSG), at the Indian Institute of Public Administration, amidst the mid 'eighties. ISID has created databases on various parts of the Indian economy, particularly concerning industry and the corporate segment. It has made On-line Indexes of Indian Social Science Journals (OLI) It gives access to Indexes of 125 Indian Social Science journals and genuine daily paper articles, editorials and news highlights.

J-Gate Custom Content for Consortium (JCCC) is a virtual library of journal writing made as a tweaked e-journals get to entryway and database course of action. It goes about as a one point access to 7900+ journals bought in as of now under consortium and moreover university libraries designated as Inter Library Loan (ILL) Centers other than record to open access journals. INFLIBNET has recognized 22 potential universities as ILL Centers in the nation to satisfy ILL ask for from the clients subsidiary to universities secured under UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium. • Manupatra (http://www.manupatra.com/) Manupatra are the main law publishers and supplier of Legal, Taxation, Corporate and Business Policy databases in India. With essential records and exclusive illustrative substance covering commentaries, treaties, digests, publication improvements, Manupatra has made the biggest and most far reaching on the web asset of Indian materials. • Web of Science (http://www.webofknowledge.com/) Web of Science, gives access to the world's driving reference databases. It looks more than 10,000 journals from more than 45 distinct dialects over the sciences, sociologies, and expressions and humanities with back documents to 1900. The references (or commentaries) empower one to explore forward, backward, and through journal articles and both journal and book-based procedures. Its Analyze Tool furthermore helps in finding shrouded patterns and examples, increment understanding into rising fields of research, distinguish driving analysts, institutions, and journals, and trace the historical setting of a specific field of study.

eShodhSindhu additionally arranges the different categories of e-resources provided through different publishers. Table 4 describes the number of e-resources in Economics provided publisher wise. It demonstrates Springer Link as a publisher is giving 79 e-resources in Economics through eShodhSindhu Consortium while Wiley Blackwell Publishing is giving 54 e-resources in Economics et cetera.

Table shows Springer as publisher is maximum number of journals (79) in Economics through the Consortium then followed by Wiley Blackwell Publishing (54) journals through the Consortium and so on. It also reveal total 170 economics resources are covered by 6 main publishers.

An attempt has additionally been done to list the e-journals in Economics that are being provided through the Consortium under examination. A summary is given in table-5 below:

• Total 178 Universities, 91 CFTIs and 96 AICTE are members of the eShodhSindhu Consortium for accessing e-resources and providing to user community. • Prominent e-databases in Economics are Annual Reviews, ABI/INFORM, CapitalinePlus, JSTOR, Project Muse, Economics and Political Weekly (EPW), Springer, Elsevier etc. providing e-journals through the Consortium to the member libraries. • Prominent publishers in economics are Springer Link, Taylor and Francis, Oxford University Press, Wiley Blackwell Publishing etc providing 170 e-resources in Economics.

E-resources have become crux of every intellectual activity of higher education system. Realizing the importance of e-resources a large bit of the Universities investing to provide access to these e-resources to help learning, teaching and research. The Economics education assumes an essential role in the present unique business environment. University Grants Commission (UGC) has additionally initiated to provide access to these different categories of e-resources to universities in India at negotiated rates through the eShodhShindhu Consortium provided through the INFLIBNET Center.

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1. https://www.inflibnet.ac.in/ess/

Research Scholar, Department of Library and Information Science, University of Delhi