Review on the Challenges for Digitization and Digital Preservation of Heritage Collections in India

The traditions and propensities for a general public are an impression of the scholarly accomplishments came to. These practices join a people and help in a comprehension of their improvement through the ages. Subsequently it is important to proliferate and clarify every single such matter of society, to everyone, and not as a benefit to only a couple. It is along these lines basic that availability of information in its ideal way, which is justifiable to a layman, and prepared to do simple communication to other people, be a general measuring stick for authentic examination. Yet, what do we comprehend by the term 'Legacy'? Is it the historical backdrop of the past social orders? The customs, oral or composed, as past down, the considerations and deeds of people as the centuries progressed .UNESCO (2006) traces a piece of it as: "Having at one time alluded solely to the great survives from societies, legacy as an idea has bit by bit come to incorporate new classifications, for example, the immaterial, ethnographic, or mechanical legacy. This is because of the way that closer consideration is presently being paid to mankind, the sensational expressions, dialects and conventional music, just as to the data, profound and philosophical frameworks whereupon manifestations are based. The idea of legacy presently as needs be is an open one, reflecting living society just as much as that of the past" (Gorman, 2007 referred to in UNESCO, 2006).

With fast advancements in data innovation and communication frameworks, the association and the executives of such data has additionally experienced significant change (Mazumdar, 2009) This has profoundly affected library and data focuses, principally in the field of conservation, utilizing advanced techniques on non-computerized records. Preservation of advanced assets to safeguard our legacy can happen in numerous structures, be it in computerized pictures, e-diaries, information base records, sites, broad media material or intuitive projects.

India are wealthy as far as social legacy which returning thousand years. They have libraries and organizations which have old archives as original copies, uncommon books, ancient rarities, and such different materials separated from print media. These old reports incorporate significant data about religion, writing, history and convention which written in various contents. Further, they spread everywhere throughout the nations and now and again abroad. Hence, digitization and computerized protection will be colossal assistance to save these profitable archives in advanced organization for the openness for the researchers and the public.

As per Harrod's Librarians Glossary ―Digitization is the way toward moving data content from a customary arrangement into a digitally readable variant. Commonly a scanner would be utilized for this reason when digitizing a printed book; advanced

to improve safeguarding procedures, as delicate firsts need not be taken care of thereafter with the exception of in 8 particular conditions. Access is enormously improved, as digitized writings can be promptly looked, and advanced pictures of blurred or troublesome firsts can be computer enhanced. A few national libraries have begun digitization programs for Brittle books, fragile or uncommon materials‖.

This section gives a record of studies did by professionals, and the perspectives on researchers, in the field of digitization and computerized conservation, of legacy accumulations in India and, just as in different nations. It covers different parts of digitization and advanced conservation of social legacy, for example, digitization of social legacy coordinated effort, social computerized chronicle model, digitization and electronic copyright, open source programming, incorporated access framework, open recorded data framework, gauges and metadata and client practices.

Individuals like Kognuramath and Angadi (2010) and Srivastava and deu Kanungo (2010) have analyzed different kinds of conservation of customary reports, just as safeguarding of digitized types of archives, utilizing related technologies. The creators likewise portray different advances associated with the digitisation procedure, The Optical Character Recognition (OCR) programming utilized and its favorable circumstances over different OCRs, the pursuit interface utilized, perusing and looking through offices, route offices gave in the CD, and so on As per Arora (2009) digitisation and advanced safeguarding are identified with one another in various ways. One of the principle objectives of digitisation is to save uncommon and delicate materials by making them open to various quantities of clients at the same time. In India, digitisation and protection are a noteworthy focal point of libraries, which have been building their in-house databases and have started buying in to electronic assets and other PC based services since the mid-1980s. The creator talks about the difficulties engaged with protecting advanced substance and takes a gander at various computerized safeguarding techniques. As per Bist (2009) digitization is a significant part of creating advanced libraries, as it opens up new roads of access, use, research and protection of esteemed data assets. The Gandhi Smriti Library of Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA), Mussoorie, has taken up the digitization of non-copyright uncommon and delicate records for the Digital Library of India (DLI) venture, which is being digitizing the institutionally created writing. Bist endeavors to portray the digitization activities, and features the difficulties and arrangement plans, for building up an advanced library at the Institute. Lalitha (2009) and Mani (2009) analyzed various parts of photos and the significance of digitization of such materials, while introducing various procedures adjusted in various tasks, at better places for children, just as for simple availability and lists the significance of the metadata clinging to Dublin Core Metadata Standards. Mani likewise examines about digitisation, its need and how to safeguard the digitized reports. Bansode (2008) says that the reason for her paper was to depict, the digitization of uncommon materials in a single Indian college. The creator features the digitization exercises embraced by Shivaji University Library to protect uncommon materials. Bansode endeavors to figure the expenses brought about in the digitization procedure and finds that digitization is the answer for the conservation of, and access to, uncommon compositions, and gives the total spending plan required to the digitization of original copies and recommends most ideal safeguarding and access methodology, as indicated by the neighborhood needs of the clients. The creator gives significant understanding into the 13 advancement of computerized libraries in India. It is helpful for setting up the framework required for digitization and a rule for conservation and access to uncommon materials. Devi (2008) says in Manipur, they are losing compositions through rot and inappropriate taking care of. Current advancement in the field of data and communication innovation offers a potential answer for the issue. Through enormous scale digitization ventures, original copies can not exclusively be put away and safeguarded, yet in addition made accessible to the public. This paper features the significance of the Manipur compositions gathering and the need to protect the accumulation for who and what is to come. Kaur (2007) states that protection of computerized materials to support present and future ages are a pressing issue to address. The creator investigates different procedures and approachs for protecting computerized legacy materials; talks about issues concerning advanced safeguarding (DP); charges upon the National libraries to assume the liability for DP, with the co-activity of a few partners the Government, Publishers and IT industry; gives an overview of activities taken by the National libraries around the world, for saving computerized legacy materials; and examines the Indian situation. It additionally centers around the squeezing requirement for the national library, state libraries, exhibition halls and different libraries to cooperate all in the 21st century. Varatharajan and Chandrashekara (2007) state in India, a significant number of libraries and data focuses have started computerized library exercises. Indian culture has made and safeguarded the assets of customary and social legacy in different structures; be that as it may, a huge number of old books and original copies stay in transitory palm leaves, and critically need digitization. The creators depict a portion of the advanced libraries and institutional stores of India. Bhatnagar (2006) depicts the digitization procedure in a scholastic library setting, condensing the points of interest and inconveniences, and thinks about its future prospects. They additionally examine the formation of the Web page of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur library, India, seeing what has been lost in the process just as picked up. Kumari and Oak (2005) in their paper depict a pilot venture at the National Informatics Center, Bangalore, to digitize data on the accumulation of materials, in the Karnataka State Archives and the Gazetteer and Archeology Department. These incorporate reports of fluctuating sizes and in different dialects; maps, original copies and documents, and area Gazettes, just as items in exhibition halls and Archeological destinations under Karnataka State control. Majumdar (2005) reports the activity taken by the Indian Government Introducing the National Mission for Manuscripts is the correct advance towards safeguarding these socially critical works. The Indian libraries that have these valuable accumulations have abruptly picked up significance and are profiting monetarily. A definitive point of the mission is to recognize such rich legacy, register them any place accessible, safeguard them and give the surrogates to overall dispersal. The creator endeavors to give subtleties on the whole range of this issue.

1. To discover the principle explanations behind digitization and advanced safeguarding of legacy accumulation in India. 2. To recognize the kind of gathering that is being digitized in India. 3. To find out the accessibility of foundation for the digitization and advanced safeguarding of legacy accumulations in India.

Over the hundreds of years, researchers and researchers have dared to get to uncommon materials of social legacy that are as original copies, composed serious number of these data searchers have a place with the orders of theory, religion, history, folkore, human sciences, engineering, mysticism and etymology. Academicians and researchers from these subject fields have been depending upon the uncommon materials of social legacy saved in the legacy libraries. Recently, Information Technology has made ready for filing quite a bit of these uncommon antiquated data assets in computerized structure. The digitization of uncommon materials is seen as a vitality on the grounds that these old original copies, composed works and uncommon books transform weak and disintegrate into pieces while being perused. Further, they degenerate over time, and damage by virtue of steady taking care of.

1. As per Arora (2009). The state of digitization initiatives by cultural Institutions in Malaysia: An exploratory survey. Library Review, 56(1), pp. 45-60. 2. As per Bist (2009). Establishing the national digital cultural heritage repository in Malaysia. Library Review, 57(7), pp. 537 -548. 3. Lalitha (2009) and Mani (2009). Malaysian cultural heritage at risk? a case study of digitisation projects. Library Review, 59(2), pp. 107-116. 4. Abid, A. (1998). Memory of the world: Preserving our documentary heritage. INSPEL, 32(1), pp. 51-66. 5. Bansode (2008) Research methods. Raipur (India): Rawal Publications. 6. Devi (2008) Electronic theses and dissertations: The new generation of scientific documents. Faslname-Ye Ketab/Library and Information Studies, 18(2), pp. 85. 7. Kaur (2007). eArchives of pre-print articles: A developing tool in scientific communication. Faslname-Ye Ketab/Library and Information Studies, 18(4), pp. 13-32. 8. Varatharajan and Chandrashekara (2007). IMPACT: working together to address the challenges involving mass digitizatization of historical printed text OCLC Systems & services. International Digital Library Perspectives, 25(4), pp. 233-248.

10. Kumari and Oak (2005). From memory to digital record: personal heritage and archive use in the twenty-First Century. Records Management Journal, 19(1), pp. 8-15. 11. Majumdar (2005). Preservation and conservation. The IFLA PAC Core Programme Bulletin des Bibliotheques de France, 1, pp. 42-46. 12. Cherry, T. K. (2004). NC ECHO: More than a web portal, a comprehensive access to special collections and digitization program. North Carolina Libraries, 62(4), pp. 225-234. 13. Clareson, T. (2006). NEDCC survey and colloquium explore digitization and digital preservation policies and practices. RLG DigiNews, 10(1), pp. 1-9. 14. Conway, P. (2008). Tec (h) tonics: Reimagining preservation. College & Research Libraries News, 69(10), pp. 598-601. 15. Conway, P. (2010). Preservation in the age of Google: Digitization, digital preservation, and dilemmas. The Library Quarterly, 80(1), pp. 61-79. 16. Cornell University Library (2003). Digital preservation management: Implementing short-term strategies for long-term problems. 17. Feather, J. (1996). Preservation and the Management of Library Collections (2nd Ed.). London: Library Association.

Library Assistant, D.A.V. Centenary College, NH-03, NIT Faridabad, Haryana-121001