Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Berries Containing Seeds of Vitis Vinifera Linn. (VITACEAE)
A comprehensive study on the chemical and anatomical properties of Vitis vinifera berries and seeds
by Sudha Kumari*,
- Published in Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, E-ISSN: 2230-7540
Volume 15, Issue No. 1, Apr 2018, Pages 1344 - 1345 (2)
Published by: Ignited Minds Journals
ABSTRACT
The berries bearing seeds of Vitis vinifera form a prime source of polyphenol compounds. A preliminary phytochemical screening was done to reveal the presence of different phytochemicals like carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, sterols and fixed oils. The macroscopic and microscopic characters of its seeds was also studied.
KEYWORD
Pharmacognostic evaluation, berries, seeds, Vitis vinifera, polyphenol compounds, phytochemical screening, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, sterols, fixed oils, macroscopic characters, microscopic characters
INTRODUCTION
The seeds present in the berries of Vitis vinifera (VITACEAE) bear 65 – 70 % polyphenol compounds. (Sonia et al. 2015). Most of the polyphenol compounds are monomerics catechin, epicatechin and gallic acid (Vayupharp et al. 2012; Adamaz, 2012). The medicinal and nutritional importance of Vitis vinifera are well-known all over the world only due to presence of these polyphenolic compounds. Unripe grapes were used to treat sore throats and dried grapes (= berries) called raisins were used to cure constipation and thirst. The ripe sweet grapes were used to treat a range of health problems including cancer, eye infection, kidney and liver diseases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials :
• Berries with seeds of Vitis vinifera • Hand magnifying lens • Incubator (Air oven) • UV light • Petroleum ether • Chloroform • Ethyl acetate • Methanol • Spectrophotometer Methods: The macroscopic characters like shape, colour, texture of seeds were evaluated with the help of hand magnifying lens. For microscopic study the transverse section of seeds was made. Phytochemical analysis: The seeds were shade dried and powdered for the evaluation of phytochemical screening to determine the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, alkaloids, proteins, amino acids, saponins and resins etc. (Chauhan, 2011; Mukherjee, 2002; Menpara, 2014).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The standardization of crude drug forms an integral part of establishing its correct identity. In macroscopic character, the seed shape looks like pear-shaped and exhibits dark brown, with smooth texture and bitten taste. In microscopic study, the transverse section of seeds exhibits 5 distinct zones i.e. cuticle, epidermis, seed coat, endosperm and embryo. The phytochemical screening (= qualitative) of seeds were performed and entered in table – 1.
The extractive values give an idea about the chemical constitution of the drug and from the study, the extractive value methanol was found to be highest followed by chloroform.
REFERENCES
Sonia MA, Lila BM, Yves C, Lamia MH, Farid D, Abida M, (2015). Optimization of the recovery of phenolic compounds from Vitis vinifera seeds. Ind. Crops and Products, 77: pp. 123-32. Vayupharp B and Laksana Lamai V. (2012). Recovery of antioxidants from grapes seeds. Journ. Food process Technol. 3 (4): pp. 152. Adamez ID, Samino EQ, Sanchez EV, Conzales - Gomez D. (2012). Estimation of the antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity of seeds extract. Food Control, 24 (11): pp. 136–41. Chauhan G, Sharma M, Kharkwal H, Varma A, 2011. Pharmacognostic preliminary phytochemical studies of Trigonella phoenum-graceum. Pharm. Sc. Monitor, 2 (12): pp. 72-81. Mukherjee PK (2002). Quality control of herbal drugs. Business Horizon A-53. Menpara D and Chanda S (2014). Phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of Pongama pinnata leaves. Pharmacognosy Communications. 4 (2): pp. 3.
Corresponding Author Sudha Kumari*
