Comparative Study on Activated Sludge Process and Stabilization Pond to Reduce Bod

Many techniques are used to handle household wastewater. It can be categorized into two groups: Traditional and unconventional treatment depends on the natural processes of the later refining process that requires first high energy for plants. Traditional waterfall treatment methods include trickling filters, active mud systems, biodisk rotators and aerated lagoons. Non-conventional systems called eco-technology include artificial wetlands and waste stabilization ponds (WSP). In this technology, WSP is widely recommended for developing countries. Oxidation ponds are called stabilization ponds or saline water and work in most small rural areas, where land is readily available. WSP is suitable for low-income groups at affordable rates and where traditional wastewater treatment is not enough due to lack of resources. In addition to eliminating the diagnosis, the advantage of these systems is the most important reason for their use. The WSP system consists of a series of anaerobic, experimental and maturity ponds or is a series of parallel lines. Pond systems can be used alone, but they usually match with each other. Stabilization ponds are biological treatment methods, whose methodologies and procedures are heavily dependent on the ecological conditions such as temperature, wind speed, and light intensity, which are highly variable and any combination of these ecosystems is usually special in specific places (Mohammed Ali, 2013). There are many advantages in using this type of biological process, such as its easy operation, low energy requirements, low maintenance of equipment and thickening of the good conduction. However, in the case of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Suspended solid (SS), the effluent quality of the mixed film system is relatively poor compared to the suspended growth systems (Phuntsho, et. al.) WSP is suitable for low-income countries as the traditional wastewater treatment process is not enough because of their low cost and due to lack of resources. In addition to eliminating the diagnosis, the advantage of these systems is the most important reason for their use. The WSP system consists of a series of anaerobic, experimental and maturity ponds or is a series of parallel lines. Pond systems can be used alone, but they are generally used in combination with each other (Ullrich, 1967). 1.2 Activated Sludge Process (ASP) In the presence of oxygen in unnecessary atmospheres, deficiency of the active organisms can be determined after the disinfection has been created. ASP contains a large number of bacteria and other organisms, and acts as a fertilizer component while mixing insecure equipment, which works in two types: A Organic solid makes oxidize Seconds promote

The activated sludge process was named because it contains the production of active micro-organisms that are capable of stabilizing the waste below the aerobic conditions. Taking tank, contact time mix and micro-organisms suspension tributary wastewater is done in conjunction, usually referred to as MLSS Mixed Liquor suspended solids or fluid mixing volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). In the process, mechanical equipment is used to mix and transfer oxygen. Mixed liquor flows into clarifier where microorganisms are suspended and thick. Due to the presence of active microorganisms, the biomass deposited at the bottom described as active sludge comes back to the gas tank to keep biodegradation of rich organic material. These substances are composed of a part that gets thickened daily or regularly collected together in the biomass tidal evaporation biodegradable substance (Hatfield, 1958).

Source: The collection of waste water sample sample from sewage treatment plant situated in the JSPM College campus, Wagholi, Pune. The purpose of the project is to study two different technologies Activated Sludge Process and Stabilization Pond to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Domestic wastes generated through various human activities are different and complex. These wastes on discharge affect the normal life of a stream or normal functioning of sewerage and sewage treatment plants, unless pre-treated at the source point itself. The waste water from domestic have proportion of suspended solids, dissolved organic and inorganic solids, BOD, COD and their different constituents may be or may not be in same proportion.

I. The treatment of Domestic sewage with Activated Sludge Process (ASP) is an effective and economical technology as compared to oxidation pond. II. The land area required is minimum and installation cost, operation and maintenance cost is minimum. Since the primary settling tank, sludge digester etc., are not required in this process. III. ASP is a cost effective and self-sustaining technology. IV. Good quality effluent is obtained with ASP technology. V. Oxidation Ponds require large area and Sludge accumulation will increase in cold climates due to reduced microbial activity. VI. Maintenance and Operation cost are high for oxidation pond.

Activated Sludge, Author(s): Joseph H. Sherrard, Richard O. Mines, James E. Alleman and Mark S. Kennedy Source: Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 55, No. 6, 1983: Literature Review Issue (Jun., 1983), pp. 615-622 Evaluation of Operation and maintenance of sewage Treatment Plants in India-2007, www.cpcb.nic.in. Gikas G.D.Tsihrintzis V.A., Global NEST Journal, Vol 16, No 2, pp. 374-384, 2014 Stabilization Pond Systems for Wastewater Treatment. Joshua Amarnath D, Thamilamudhan R. and Rajan S. (2015). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(1): pp. 798-802 (Research Article ISSN: 0975-7384.) Sewage treatment plant and waste water treatment plant (www.ecowatersolution.com) Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(5):1326-1332 Ratio variations of soluble to total organic matters at different units of a full scale wastewater integrated stabilization pond Meghdad Pirsaheba, Mehdi Ghayebzadeh, Masoud Moradia, Farmarz Gharagozloua and Kiomars Sharafia. Kerri and D Kenneth Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants. 1990; California State University, Sacramento, Vol.I Khosravi R, Shahryari T, Halvani A, Khodadadi M, Ahrari F, Abouee Mehrizi E. Advances in EnvironmentalBiology, 2013, 7(6), pp. 1182-1187. Mara DD, Pearson HW. Waste Stabilization Ponds: Design Manual for Mediterranean Europe. Lagoon Technology International Ltd, Leeds, 1998. Mara, D. (1997). Design Manual for Waste Stabilization Ponds in India, Leeds: Lagoon TechnologyInternational, 1997. [The author has comprehensively and lucidly explained the steps for the design ofwaste stabilization ponds in different parts of India] Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. ―Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse, Tata McGraw-Hill Publication, 2010. Hayder Talee Hussain European Scientific Journal May 2013 edition vol.9, No.14 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Stabilization Ponds, Author (s): W. D. Hatfield (1958). Source: Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol. 30, No. 5 (May, 1958), pp. 698-705, Published by: Water Environment Federation. Treatment of Activated Sludge in Stabilization Ponds, Author(s): C. P. Fisher and E. F. Gloyna Source: Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 37, No. 11 (Nov., 1965), pp.1511-1520. Use of Wastewater Stabilization Ponds in Two Different Systems, Author(s): A. H. Ullrich (1967). Source: Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 39, No. 6 (Jun., 1967), pp. 965-977 Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies – Vol. II - Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (WSP) for Wastewater Treatment - S. Phuntsho, H.K. Shon, S. Vigneswaran, and J. Kandasamy.

Department of Civil Engineering, Imperial College of Engineering and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India