Dry Wall: Necessity Under the Indian Construction industry

In different countries in the world the name of the dry wall is different. Dry wall also called Gyprock, Gyp Board or Gypsum board, plaster board, wall board these names reflect that the construction of the wall is dry wall. There is 2 sorts of gypsum wallboard standard and fire-evaluated (or Type X as it's come to be called). A noteworthy normal for gypsum drywall is its capacity to oppose fire.It does this through its substance creation. Gypsum (calcium sulfate) contains artificially consolidated water around half by volume. At the point when presented to flame, the water, because of warmth, halfway changes over to steam, which viably opposes fire. The contrary side of the gypsum board divider stays cool until the point that all water in the gypsum center has been changed over to steam or until the point when the gypsum board itself is ruptured by the flares. The new drywall will be filled with tiny beads of paraffin that would absorb heat during the day, and release it at night. It could be the latest thing in green building technology. This type of construction is suitable and can be applied for all commercial and residential projects, such as: Model houses/ apartment, studio apartments, Residential homes, office building, factories, departmental stores, etc. These are light weight systems – 8 to 10 times lighter than conventional systems like Brick / Block work, comparatively much faster construction, almost – five to eight times faster along with smooth finish, aesthetically beautiful crack free surfaces. Besides the newly mined material, up to 20% of the gypsum used to manufacture drywall can be recycled from waste generated at the manufacturing plant or at construction sites. The content covered in this paper gives a highlight on the overall system of dry wall and the concept has been diverted in the viewpoint of sustainable development and managerial benefits at construction sites

By using the comparative analysis method study the traditional methods (Bricks/ Block) to Dry wall, considering the variable parameter with respect to time, cost and quality for the Indian construction industry.

1. The main objective of this study is to analyze the necessity of the dry wall under the Indian construction industry. 2. To study on different types of dry wall and green construction material based on the market survey. 3. To evaluate the conventional construction industry (Brick/blocks) to the dry wall by using the comparative analysis method. 4. To study economical aspect under the Indian industrial, commercial and residential industry.

1. Introduction to green construction materials in construction. 2. Comparison of drywall to the traditional methods (brick/block). 3. Analysis of amount of time & cost saved by use of drywall technique. 4. Analysis of risk factors in execution of drywall. 5. Preparation of checklists onsite for drywall technique.

• The study of conventional brick construction industry and availability of the green construction material in the market. • To visit the site, where dry wall is already installed. • Selection of area for the study i.e. Case Study. • Surveys required for the research work: Preliminary survey which include the collection of traditional brick/block construction data and dry wall

Deferrals are one of the most concerning issues development firms confront. Deferrals can prompt numerous negative impacts, for example, claims amongst proprietors and temporary workers, expanded costs, loss of profitability and income, and contract end. F. Delay Causes: (1) Contractor‘s improper planning. (2) Contractor‘s poor site management (3) Inadequate contractor experience (4) Inadequate client‘s finance and payments for completed work (5) Problems with subcontractors (6) Shortage in material (7) Labor supply (10) Mistakes during the construction stage. Six main effects of delay were: (1) Time overrun, (2) Cost overrun, (3) Disputes, (4) Arbitration, (5) Litigation, and (6) Total abandonment.

The study by the (Assocham) has found: Out of 886 delayed ―Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India‖ projects, 826 delayed projects are for housing construction and 60 for the commercial complex. Major states, Maharashtra saw delay of 39 months, Punjab has recorded the maximum delay of 48 months in construction and real estate projects followed by Telangana (45 months), West Bengal (44 months), Odisha (44 months) and Haryana (44 months), a study by Assocham has found.

1. Straw Bales 2. Grasscrete 3. Rammed Earth 4. Hemp Crete 5. Bamboo 6. Recycled Plastic 7. Wood 8. Mycelium 9. Ferrock 10. Ash Crete 11. Timbercrete

Above eco-friendly construction material is available in market.

1) Novotel Hotel Pune. 2) The residences oxford golf resort. Site Address: Mumbai-Bangalore Highway, Next to Crystal Honda Showroom, Bavdhan, Pune, Maharashtra 411045

I. SITE AREA CALCULATION:

Flat 1BHK.

Dry wall Cost Calculation by considering the given rate: Cost = Material cost + Labour cost

A. Brick Masonry: D. Load per sqm = 0.15 x 1920 = 288 Kg/m2 E. Total weight = 288 kg/m2 Brick Masonry: Dry wall : 52 kg/m2 Total area of dry wall = 73.86 x 52 kg/m2 = 3840.72 kg/m2 Masonry wall : 288 kg/m2 Total area of masonry wall = 73.86 x 288 kg/m2 = 21271 kg /m2 C. Summary of wall for 1BHK

By considering Labour + Material cost

This work consists of Comparative analysis between dry wall and brick wall by using the Site data and traditional bricks/blocks construction techniques.

Microsoft Project is a project management software program developed and sold by Microsoft, which is designed to assist a project manager in developing a plan, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing the budget, and analyzing workloads. Project creates budgets based on assignment work and resource cost. As resources are assigned to the task and the program calculates the cost equal to the work times the rate, which rolls up to the task level and then to any summary tasks level and finally to the project level. Resource definitions (Labour, equipment and materials) can be shared between projects using a shared resource pond. Each resource can have its individual calendar, which defines what days and time is resource present. Resource rates are used to calculate resource assignment costs. Each resource and each task can be assigned numerous resources.

In order to get the clear view of difference between the traditional way of Project Management and Modern way of managing the project with the help of software called as Microsoft Project the actual example was taken from the Construction organization in Pune, India that uses that uses the Microsoft Excel for the Scheduling and Execution of the project.

The interview was arranged with the Senior Engineer and Project Coordinator of the respective Construction Organization in Pune, India to identify the Problem they had occurred during the actual execution of the project like Duration, Resource Over allocation, Labour fatigue due to overtime of the work, reaching of threshold limit due to working of Labour during holidays etc. Also to know the arrangement of activities they had used while executing a building project.

Data like the Activities Starting Date, Finish Date, Duration of Activities and their Delays, Relationship of Activities and task, Amount of Resources used for the Activities etc. was collected from the Construction Organization of Pune, India to analogize the data and make the data use in the Microsoft Project with the proper changes were made XI. Data Analysis: The main activities from the data collected from organization was divided into sub activities for the proper functioning of the project and identification of the Parallel activities, Slacks and crushing of Non-Critical activities was recognized from the given data and appropriate alterations were made to meet the goals of the research.

Scheduling technique using network models with the help of Microsoft Project, it‘s easily to understand and visualize the flow and network of the project. One can easily see the Critical Path which is the Longest Path of the Project, Parallel Activities, Slack which is also called as Total Float of the Activity can be visualized, Relation between activities is understood by networking. Owing to this there are

By providing all the governmental holidays of India workers, it makes good environment for Labour to work in the organization. While on other hand, making workers to work for fix timing 9AM to 6PM with one hour of break helps stress free surrounding for workers which makes them willingly work on the field.

As per the project co-coordinator and site engineer from the oxford golf resort, the approximate conventional construction technique (Bock work) project scheduling, project planning and other necessary details gathered from the expertise and interviews and from internet.

are as shown in figure. By using the Microsoft Project software the project planning and execution of the project will be solve by MSP. With both the techniques 1) Dry wall and 2) Block work

1) Total Time required for the completion of masonry wall construction with same structure:

1) Total time required for the completion of the dry wall construction with same structure:

As per the simple calculation the construction time of the same structure of 56 days will be save by using dry wall construction technique.

1) We have already developed a new recycling system for high water content mud such as construction sludge by using paper debris (fragments of the newspaper) to increase the recycling rate of the construction sludge. However, recently, the price of old newspaper is increasing. Therefore, development of inexpensive fiber materials are strongly desired in order to reduce the recycling cost. In this study, the applicability of waste gypsum board paper instead of paper debris was experimentally investigated. The waste gypsum board paper was crushed by the hammer mill and crushed paper was used in fiber-cement-stabilized-soil method. It was found through the unconfined compression tests that the failure strength and failure strain of modified soils by using crushed board paper are almost the same as those of modified soils by using paper debris.

1. In the preliminary analysis the drywall gives progress of work as per the schedule and there is no delay in the construction work for completion of work with less dead load as compare to brick work with minimum wastage and superior smooth finishing is achieved. 2. This technique gives faster construction that is 3 to 4 times masonry construction. 3. It reduces dead load of structure it gives 8 to 10 times lighter than masonry work. 4. It gives use of recyclable material which is made of environment friendly material. 5. It gives smooth finishing seamless & crack free surface, allowing ease of decoration via paint, tiles or wallpapers.

D.I. Kolaitis, M.A. Founti (2013). Development of a solid reaction kinetics gypsum dehydration model appropriate for CFD simulation of gypsum plasterboard wall assemblies exposed to fire, Fire Safety J. 58, pp. 151–159. DIN 4108-2, Thermal protection and energy economy in buildings – Part 2: Minimum requirements to thermal insulation, 2013. for Performance. GRDA Publications, Mill Valley, CA. Federal Emergency Management Agency (1997). NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. Report FEMA-273. October. Washington, DC. Freeman, S.A. (1977). ―Racking tests of high rise building partitions,‖ Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, vol. 103, No. ST8, August 1977, pp. 1673-1685. G. O. Young (1964). ―Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with paper title and editor),‖ in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 15–64. Grundahl, Kirk, (1997). ―Partition separation.‖ Wood Design & Building. Canadian Wood Council, Ottawa, Ontario. Kanahama H. (2009). "Study on New Soil Improvement Method by using Waste Gypsum Boards, Master Thesis of Tohoku University, pp. 25-30. Mori M., Takahashi H. and Kumakura K. (2006). "An Experimental Study on Strength of Fiber-Cement-Stabilized Mud by use of Paper Sludge and Durability for Drying and Wetting Tests", J. of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, Vol.122, No.6-7, pp. 353-361. Takahashi H., Mori M., Kumakura K., Otani M., and Ishi T. (2003). "Study on the Recycling System of Lightweight Fiber- Stabilized Landfill Materials from High-Water Content Construction Sludge", J. of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources of Japan, Vol.16, No.1, pp.21-26. http://www.env.go.jp/recycle/report/h14-05/all.pdf