Review Paper on Modular Construction in High Rise Buildings

The purpose of this paper is to study the ideas of construction of modular structure and to identify the technical factors which will boosts the modular construction in India. The amount of reports suggests that due to quick urbanization, there have been causing serious housing problems. The cities are growing unreasonably thus increasing the gap between poor and rich. The world communities are worried by the fact that 26 out of 34 megacities are developing nations. Modular technologies are widely used in low storey buildings, offices, workstations and even special premises. In modern industry construction can be distinguished i.e. the practice of separate frame elements (beam, column, flooring, wall panels, etc. that are produced offsite and joined onsite. The practice of 3-D blocks including necessary facilities, interiors. In this advanced world of construction, this method should be planned compared to traditional methods. Due to increase of population, it demands the supply of home is highest significances of construction industry. This reduces the time and this is only possible when new construction methodology is adopted by industry.

In 1994, Mayra L. de la Torre8 offered theideanamed ―A Review and Analysis of Modular Construction Practices‖ at Lehigh University. In this paper, Torre presentedbenefits and difficulties of modular construction activity at the time, and an engineering survey of modular construction.Alistair F. Gibb9 Loughborough University, United Kingdom. This book describes the principles and the effect of this method on the construction industry. A theory by architecture Joseph Schoenberg5 titled ―A Case Study Approach to Identifying the Constraints and Barriers to Design Innovation for Modular Construction,‖ submitted at Virginia Institute and State University in 2012which detects the problems based on other case studies.

A 25-storey modular project in Wolverhampton, England was studied to obtain facts on the construction process. It contains 3 blocks of 8 to 25 stories and in consists of 824 modules. The tallest building is Block A, which is shown in Fig.1 The total floor area of three buildings is 20730 m2, including a podium level. The floor area of the modules represents 79% of the total floor area. The maximum size of module was 37m2. The project started in July 2008 and was completed in August 2009 (59 weeks). After the completion of podium slab modules were started installing in October. Construction of concrete core was carried out together i. e Core A, B, C were carried in parallel.

render and composite panels, which are attached directly to the exterior aspect of the modules. The total area was 10440 m2for all the 3 blocks [Lawson].

The weights of modules were between 10000-25000kg & self-weight was 5.7kN/m2. The modules of block A & C were installed by mobile crane that was supported by concrete core. The installation time of 824 modules was 32 weeks and was managed undertotal8 people plus 2 site managers. The minimum installation rate goes up to 7 modules per day but sometimes it reaches 15 modules per day which corresponds to 15 men per modules. The overall construction team for the non-modular components varied from a further 40 to 110 with 3 to 4 site managers, increasing as the 59-week project progressed. It does not take into consideration the design input of the architect and consultants, which would possibly add about 25% to weight of steel was increased to 19% of total modular weight. The steel usage varied from 66 to 118 kg∕m2floor area, which is higher than the 50 to 60 kg∕m2 for medium-rise modular systems. The total estimated data of efforts of man with respect to construction of building was 35% manufacturing, 10% in transport and installation, 54% in construction of rest of building. The estimated productivity compared to in-situ construction increased about 75-80% [Lawson].

The scope of work is based on the site you choose. The modular building constructer should survey the site to find out utilities are available. The list also includes electric, water, phone installations, communication and other utilities.

The main emphasis of recent researches according to various sources is to implement the modular construction in high rise buildings. Due to advancement of technology in construction materials and methods, many Chinese Companies are undertaking projects in modular buildings and have an ambition to complete in less than 90 days.

6. CONCLUSION

Alistair F. Gibb, ―Barriers and Opportunities for Offsite in the UK‖, Loughborough University. Cartz, J. P and Crosby. M (2007) ―Building high-rise modular homes‖ Struct. Eng., 85(l), pages20–21. Elena M. Generalova, Viktor P. Generalov (2016) ―Prospects of introduction of modular structures in high-rise construction, Traditions and innovations in construction and architecture, Architecture and design‖ SGASU, Samara, pages 10-18. Elena M. Generalova, Viktor P. Generalov, Anna A. Kuznetsova (2016) ―Modular buildings in modern construction‖.

technique-A literature review‖, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology. http://www.fcmodular.com https://www.slideshare.net. Jeffrey Molavi (2016) ―A Construction Procurement method to achieve sustainability in modular construction‖, International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction. Joseph Schoenberg (2012) ―Identifying the Constraints and Barriers to Design Innovation for Modular Construction‖, Virginia University. Lawson, R. M., Ogden, R. G., Pedreschi, R., Popo-Ola, S., and Grubb, (2005) ―Developments in prefabricated systems in light steel and modular construction‖. Mayra De La Torre, (1994) ―A review and analysis of modular construction practices‖ Lehigh University Theses and Dissertations paper 275, Pages 8-26. Prajjwal Paudel, Sagar Dulal, Madan Bhandari, Amit Kumar Tomar (2016) ―Study on Pre-fabricated Modular and Steel Structures‖, Invertis University, Bareilly, UP. R. Mark Lawson, Case study on ―Application of Modular Construction in High-Rise Buildings‖.

Assistant Professor Civil Engineering Department, JSPM‘S ICOER, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, India