Job Creation Though Skill Development in India: An Overview

context. The 11th plan had set a target of having 500 million individuals in the labour force with some formal training by 2020(8). India has got the lowest proportion of trained youth in the world. An NSSO Survey revealed that, among the person of age 15-29 years, only 2 percent are reported to have received formal vocational training and other 8% have non-formal vocational training(9). This presents the dismal proportion of formal training in India. The 12th Five Year lan focuses on introducing formal training from class 10 onward. A system of funding poor people for skill development through direct financial poor people for skill development through direct financial aid or loan and Apprentice training or another mode for on-job training has also emphasized. There is also an urgent need to overhaul the Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and Industrial training centers has to be reoriented on a continuous basis and need to be in alignment with the requirement of the employers and industries. The 12th five year plan, which aims at imparting skills to about 70 million people, favors Public -Private partnership in financing, service delivery, and provision of work spaces. It also focuses on opening up of skill development centers in all states so that the skills required in the unorganized sector can also be indentified and plugged. By engaging the private players in skill development initiatives, the chances of marketability of the skilled workers increases and also the important skills needed in the current economic context can be identified. The need of the hour is to match the demand and supply side of the skills required and skill available through proper training and development initiatives. The provision of setting up of National Vocational Education qualification framework (NVEQF) aims at establishing flexible learning pathways integrated to schooling on one end and higher education on the other. The government is also focusing on encouraging the private participation to help the young entrants in to the workforce in skill development. The aim is also to place an effective regulatory framework for coordinating the network of private players, as also for monitoring, evaluating and analyzing outcomes of various programmers. Many organization have also taken up the cause of imparting skills as a part of their corporate social responsibility initiative. They have started skill development programs to train their works who are deficient in skills. For example, Coca-cola Beverages in Ghaziabad in collaboration with NIIT Foundation help in skill development and personality enhancement of the workers. To minimize the skill deficiency among the workers in the organized sector, the skill development personality enhancement of the workers. To minimize the skill deficiency among the workers in the organized help of NGOs in the pursuit of skill development. This is a welcome gesture toward skill development of the working masses. A country deficient in skilled workforce will find itself lagging behind in this immensely competitive world. India is an economy which has immense potentialities still unexplored. with the introduction of Exclusive economic zones(EEZs), Special Economic Zone (SEZs), and National manufacturing policy, creation of new job is quite eminent. With the revival of Micro, small and medium enterprises, more jobs can be created. The states which succeed in providing skilled labour to these units will see the movement o enterprises towards these areas. Therefore, the state government should take up the issue of skill development with deep thinking and seriousness. The agricultural sector also needs a serious overhauling. In India and the developing countries, there may be as many as 68 million low-skilled workers "trapped in subsistence agriculture or in urban poverty"(10). Therefore, it must be the top priority of the policy makers to treat agricultural sector as labour intensive and bring the sector in to the mainstream of Indian economy. Agrecultural development will it self-give rise to new demands for non-agricultural service and generate employment in agricultural related sectors such as modernized marketing and agro processig activity.(11). The agricultural sector also needs deep training of the masses involved in it to gain maximmum productivity and get rid of the problems of disguised employment. Generally, men and women are the two components involved in the agricultural production where women play as a disguised worker. If women can be trained to venture in to agro based industry, it will not only help her earn livelihood but will also help in generating more jobs. The Gandhian model of ''Swalamban'' or Self Dependence'' can be adopted to make this dream come true. A Skill workforce serves as a stepping stone towards becoming an industrialized nation with maximum number of self reliant working masses. A skill workforce has the following advantages(12). 1. Help in transforming the lifeless factors of production in to useful products. 2. Capable of producing an output that is greater than the sum of inputs. 3. Help in achieving results quickly, efficiently and effectively. But these are only superficial benefits. A skilled workforce is Human capital which helps in generating income not only for individual but also for nation. Therefore, proper skill training is must for the working

up many folds, while the same has declined in India. More and mare firms will be looking toward India as creation of more jobs in country. Also the decline of Chinese economy has given an opportunity to India to once again stand on its feet and gain its supremacy on the Asian sub-continent.

Chanda, N. (Aug 2012). The Growing Skill Gaps. Business World, 34. Chanda, N. (August 2012). The Growing skill Gaps. Business World, 34. Ibid. J. S. Tomar, K. P (Aug 2012). Skill up gradation in Five Year Paln. Yojana pp. 71-72. J.S. Tomar, K.P (August 2012). Skill Upgradation in Five Years Plan. Yojana, pp. 71-72. M. S. Ahluwalia (January 2012). Prospects and Policy Challenges in the Twelfth Plan Yojana, 14. M. S. Ahulwalia. (January 2012). Respects and Policy Challenges in the Twelfth Plan Yogana, 15. M.S. Ahluwalia. (Jan 2012). Respects and Policy Challenges in the twelfth Plan. Yojana , 15. M.S. Ahuluwalia. (Jan 2012). Prospects and Policy challenges in the twelfth Plan. Yojana, 18. Rao, V. S. (2010). Human Resource Management: Text and Cases. New Delhi: Excel Books. Times of India, Kolkata, June 29, 2012.

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