Divisional Disparities in Haryana State

1. INTRODUCTION

Haryana State came into existence on 1 November, 1966. The total geographical area of the State is 44,212 sq. km. constituting about 1.3%of the total geographical area of the country. Gurugram is one of the most promising areas of Haryana and has developed a lot in recent times. Gurugam has been the center of development for many IT companies and fast food companies. Thus there has been an influx of youth population into the state. Haryana shares its capital with the state of Punjab. Chandigarh is the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. Haryana has often been criticized for its low sex ratio something the state government has to work on. The Population of Haryana according to the 2011 census stands at about 25 million, making it the 17th most populated state in India. The state lies in the northern part of India and is well connected to the capital of India. a part of Haryana from Delhi. . Haryana is the 20th largest state in the country in terms of area. The density of population per sq. Km. is about 570 which is above the national average. The population of the state is rising considerably due to rapid efforts towards development and progress. The literacy rate in the state is about 76% a figure that has improved tremendously in the last few years due to the consistent efforts of the government. The sex ratio in Haryana leaves a lot to be desired as it lags behind the national average by 70 points. The statistics in the Haryana Census 2011 reveal facts that can be instrumental in planning for a better development plan for the state. The largest city in the state is Chandigarh while Faridabad is the capital city of the Haryana. The languages spoken in the Haryana state includes Hindi and Haryanvi. In total Haryana (HR) state comprises 21 districts. The ISOCODE assigned by International Organization for Standardization for Haryana state is HR.

Being aware of the linkages between differences and economic development and political development, the Indian planners opted for balanced growth theories to ensure a balanced development of all the division* and sectors. The Haryana government has made balanced regional development an integral part of state planning practice and objectives. The state policy of Haryana Government has been to ensure balanced development of all regions and to gradually reduce the level of regional disparities. However, it is apparent that despite the initiatives taken during five-year plans, inter-state disparities have increased. It may be due to failures of policy implementation or due to inappropriate approaches. Besides disparities among states, there also exist intra-regional disparities within different states Chelliah (1996). There is a paradoxical situation, in that the rural areas with more than 70 per cent population and most of them are forced to be contending without even basic amenities of life whereas in urban areas, people have wider choice with regard to various infrastructure services resulting into a wide rate, retention rate, dropout rate, availability of safe drinking water and sanitation. The National Committee on Development of Backward Areas (1981) in its report notes: "In a large country like India, disparities in levels of development of different parts are inevitable. Regions differ in their history, their resource endowment and environment, the level of infrastructure development and attitudes of inhabitants to development." The committee recommended block as the primary unit for identification of backward areas and to assess the level of disparities. An important aspect of regional inequality involves going to sub-state level. A study using data available at the level of regions as defined by the NSSO, which divides Indian states in 78 homogeneous agro-economic regions that are the groups of contiguous districts demarcated on the basis of agro-climatic homogeneity. The study reveals several interesting patterns. First, a clear west-east divide emerges with west increasing its economic share. Second, there is no obvious north-south or coastal-inland divide. Third, most of the areas that perform the best are urban areas. Fourth, many of the areas that lag are rain fed agricultural regions, consistent with general consensus that the reform programmed has bypassed agriculture. Fifth, Punjab, Haryana and Kerala do relatively well. Finally, while some states are doing consistently well in terms of all regions within the state increasing their relative share (i.e. Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab and Haryana), there are other states with marked internal disparities in regional performance (e.g. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra) in the post-reform period, Singh et. al. (2003).

► The objective of this study is to know regional differences among the divisions of Haryana state. ► To know the relationship between literacy rate and sex ratio among divisions of Haryana state. ► The objective of this study is to know the relationship between literacy rate and population growth rate among the divisions of Haryana state. ► The objective of this study is to know the relationship between sex ratio and population growth rate among the divisions of Haryana state. The present research is based on Descriptive Research Design. Generally, descriptive studies are used in social study problems where the objectives are predetermined. The present study describes the regional differences in Haryana state. In present research secondary data is used. Secondary data is collected from Census survey 2011 and from Economic Survey of Haryana 2012-13. In the present study secondary data is collected from divisions of Haryana. Ambala Division is one of the four divisions of Haryana State of India. The division comprises the districts of Ambala, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Panchukula and Yamuna Nagar. Gurugram Division is also one of the four divisions of Haryana State of India. The division comprises the districts of Faridabad, Gurugram, Mahendragarh, Mewat, Palwal and Rewari. Hisar Division compromises the districts of Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Hisar, Jind and Sirsa. Rohtak Division comprises the districts of Jhajjar, Karnal, Panipat, Rohtak and Sonipat.

The below table shows the literacy rate in four division of Haryana. Gurugram division has the maximum literacy rate (84.45) among the four division of Haryana. Hisar Division have the minimum literacy rate (73.2%) among the four division of Haryana. Literacy Rate disparities among the division of Haryana leads to regional difference in Haryana like economic, political Cultural and social differences in Haryana.

The above table explain the regional differences among the four division of Haryana on the basis of population growth fate. The above table explain that Gurugram division has the maximum population growth rate (73.93%) among the divisions of Haryana. Ambala division has the minimum population growth rate (11.23%) among the four division of Haryana.

The above chart also explain the divisional diferences in Haryana on the basis of population growth rate. Gurugram division has the highest population growth rate (73.93%) among the four division of Haryana.

The above table explains the regional differences in Haryana State on the basis of sex ratio among the four division of Haryana. Ambala division has the maximum sex ratio (885) among the four division of The above chart also explains the regional differences among the four division of Haryana on the basis of sex ratio.

The limitation of the present study is that it has limited scope in limited area. The study shows the regional differences only four division of Haryana. It does not represent the overall Haryana State or whole country. It is used only in four division of Haryana Ambala, Rohtak, Gurugram and Hisar division.

On the basis of present study it can be concluded that there is high regional differences among Haryana division on the basis of sex ratio, population growth rate and literacy rate. The regional differences among the division of Haryana goes to Economic imbalances, Social, cultural, Economic and Social differences in Haryana State. The above studies also explain that there is positive relationship between literacy rate and sex ratio among the four division of Haryana. In Ambala division literacy rate is 81.75% and sex ratio is also highest i.e. 885/1000. On the other side, Rohtak division have literacy rate 74.56% and sex ratio is also lowest (847/1000). So, it can be concluded that high literacy rate is helpful to improve the sex ratio among the divisions of Haryana State.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Haryana https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisions_of_Haryana References-States and Union Territories of India - Source - Government of India Official Website Jump up^ "National Panchayat Directory". Ministry of Panchayati Raj. Retrieved 29 May 2012.Http//www.gurgaon.nic.in Department of Economics and Statistical Analysis Haryana. (2009-2010) Economic Survey of Haryana, 2012-13.Website: www.esaharyana.gov.in Kothari, C, R (2004). “Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques” 2nd Revised Edition. New Age International Publishers. Rangi, Praneet, Gupta.K, Shashi, (2011). “Business Research Methodology”, Kalyani Publishers.2nd Revised Edition.