A Temporal Analysis of Female Work Participation Rate in India and Haryana: 1971 to 2011

INTRODUCTION

Growth and development of a country is based on the male and female working force now days. In past years the work done by women in many sectors had under calculated and neglected. Women work as house-maker was never considered as an economic activity. But in recent time, many policy and schemes has been started to change this situation. On other hand the situation in the state is different. Haryana is located in the north-western part of the country, where the norms of patriarchal society are very strong. In recent times Haryana witnessed fast economic growth due to the technological development and development in its agricultural sector. This growth helped in increasing female work participation in the state. An analysis has been made from census of India (1971 to 2011) to find out the trend of work participation of females in India and Haryana as shown in tables below.

• To analyze the female work participation rate in Haryana • To analyze crude and adult female work participation rate in Haryana separately for Rural and Urban areas

The present study is based on the secondary data sources. The secondary data has been taken from the census of India from 1971 to 2011.

In present study, we calculated the female work participation rate, which is defined as the percentage of total workers to total population, with the help of formula as under: Female Work Participation Rate: Female Work Participation Rate is defined as the percentage of total female workers to total female population. This is also known as the Crude Female Work Participation rate. The Adult Female Work Participation can be also calculated to understand this phenomenon better the help of below given formulas. Adult population includes the age group of 15 to 59 year olds. state of Haryana, first we have to find its position in the context of India. In below given table a broad comparison of CWPR of India and Haryana is made from 1971 to 2011 census. This comparison is made to see whether Haryana and India are same in the growth or decline in WPR.

Crude work participation Rate defined as the percentage of total workers in total population. It takes all age groups of population dependent or independent in total population.

By studying the above table, it is found that the work participation of females in India was continuously increased till 2001 but in 2011 it was slightly decreased in all areas. In 2001 the Work participation of females was 25.63 percent but in 2011 it was decreased to 25.52 percent. In Haryana the situation is same as in India, till 2001 CFWPR was continuously increased but in 2011 it decreased. In 2001 it was increased from 10.76 percent to 27.22 percent which was about 17 percent increase but later decreased to 17.79 percent in 2011 as shown in fig. 1.1.

This situation is same in the Rural India, the work participation of females was continuously increasing decreased to 30.03 percent. Same thing happened in Haryana, CFWPR increased till 2001 but decreased in 2011. In 2001 it rapidly increased to 33.91 percent from 12.62 percent (1991) and decreased to 20.83 percent in 2011. Both in India and Haryana, the situation of work participation of females was same in all areas and rural areas; it was increased till 2001 and then decreased in 2011. But situation of work participation of females is different in Urban India, besides from all areas and rural areas, the work participation of females is keep on increasing. In 2001 to 2011, where work participation of females was decreased in India and Rural India, the work participation of females achieved highest growth rate since 1971. The work participation of females was 6.61 percent in 1971 which was increased to 15.44 percent in 2011. The work participation of females in Rural India is about twice of which it is in Urban India but in Urban India it is continuously increasing. Here also this situation is same for Haryana, CFWPR is continuously increased from 1971 to 2011, from 3 percent to 12.11 percent, respectively as shown in fig. 1.2.

The AFWPR in India was much higher than the CFWPR in India; it was continually increased till 2001 but decline in 2011. It was 19.60 percent in 1971 and increased to 40.02 percent in 2001 but declined to 37.40 percent in 2011. This scenario is same in Haryana; the AFWPR was continuously increased in the state till 2001 and then suddenly decreased. In 1971 it was only 4.14 percent and increased to 43.60 percent in 2001, which is more than AFWPR in India in 2001. But it decreased to 26.11 percent in 2011 as shown in fig. 1.3.

In rural India the AFWPR increased till 2001 (49.47) and then decreased to 45.42 percent in 2011. Same happened in rural Haryana the AFWPR was increased till 2001 and in 2011 decreased drastically to 31.38 percent. Year 2001 witnessed a huge growth in AFWPR from 1991, it increased to 22.19 percent to 55.78 percent. Both in urban India and Urban Haryana, the AFWPR continually increased from 1971 to 2011. In India 11.01 percent in 1971 to 21.41 percent in 2011 and 5.32 percent (1971) to 16.99 percent (2011) in Haryana as shown in fig. 1.4.

From this comparison we concluded that from year 1971 to 2011 the overall female work participation is increased in both India and Haryana. But overall increase is greater in India; though in year 2001 female work participation rate was greater in Haryana than India. This situation of female work participation is same for both crude and adult work participation rate. Female workforce structure of Haryana depicts that most of female main and marginal workers engaged in primary sector of economy in the state.

Jhabvala, Renana, Shalini Sinha (2002). “Liberalisation and the Woman Worker” Economic and Political Weekly 37(21): pp. 2037-2044 Reddy, A Amarender (2011). “Disparities in Employment and Income in Rural Andhra Pradesh, India” Bangladesh Development Studies 34(3): pp. 74-97 http://censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/data/Census_1991/Publication/India/45969_1991_CHN.pdf https://data.gov.in/ https://india.gov.in/data-portal-india https://www.census2011.co.in/

M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Geography, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak