Strengthening Women SHGs through Various Institutions in Haryana

INTRODUCTION

Since 1987 ‗Mysore Resettlement and Development Agency‘ (MYRADA) has promoted Credit Management Groups (CMGs). CMGs are similar to self-help groups. The basic features of this concept promoted by MYRADA are: 1] Affinity, 2] Voluntarism, 3] Homogeneity and 4] Membership, should be limited to15-20 persons. Aim of the CMG is to bestow social empowerment to women. In 1991-92 NABARD started promoting self-help groups on a large scale. And it was the real take-off point for the ‗SHG movement‘. In 1993, the Reserve Bank of India also allowed SHGs to open saving accounts in banks. Facility of availing bank services was a major boost to the movement.The movement of SHG was nourished in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu and Kerala. Now nearly 560 banks like NABARD, Bank of Maharashtra, State Bank of India, Cooperative Banks, Regional rural banks, the Government institutions like Maharashtra Arthik Vikas Mahamandal (MAVIM), District Rural Development Agency (DRDA), Municipal corporations and more than 3,024 NGOs are collectively and actively involved in the promotion of SHG movement. In India three different models of linkage of SHGs to the financial institutions have emerged. They are: • Banks themselves form and finance the SHGs. • SHGs are formed by NGOs and other agencies but financed by banks. • Banks finance SHGs with NGOs and other agencies as financial intermediaries. The second model is the most popular model. Almost three-fourths of all the SHGs come under this model. Only 20% of the SHGs are covered under the first and 8% under the third model respectively. SHG is a holistic programmed of micro-enterprises covering all aspects of self-employment, organization of the rural poor into self Help groups and their capacity building, planning of activity clusters, infrastructure build up, technology, credit and marketing. It lays emphasis on activity clusters based on the resources and the occupational skills of the people and availability of markets.

Das and Patnaik (April 2016) Studied the women‘s access to rural credit and micro finance in

Bengal. On the basis of saving amount, total loan distressed amount. The study tried to conduct descriptive in case of women‘s access to micro finance. The study was based on secondary data which was taken from 2010-2014 and in the study researcher selected four types of banks his name was private sector bank, public sector bank, regional rural bank and co-operative bank. The study found that tae banks performance was significant dependent on the number of self-help group under them. Kumari (2011) on his entitled as ―Empowerment of Women and Rural Development a Study of Self-Help Groups in West Godavari District‖ attempted to assess the status of women in relation to their empowerment. The researcher obtained primary data, 400 sample respondents from among the women members of SHGs in district are selected employing ‗Multi stage‘ purposive ‗Simple Random Sampling Method for the study. Researcher founded that that participation in SHG movement has helped women to build required awareness on social, economic and political aspects. It has provided them significant awareness on credit facilities, banking transactions and other financial transactions. The researcher suggested that there is urgent need for these services and must be extended to other varied social issues. Kochurani (2003) on his titled as ―the role of voluntary associations on women empowerment in kerata with special reference to Ernakumm district‖ the objective of the researcher was that to find out the role of NABARD in providing credit facilities to women through SHGs. for analysis, the data have been collected from primary source through the questionnaire method. The researcher selected 100 Self Help Groups for sample at randomly. The researcher concussed that the role of NABARD in providing credit facilities to women through SHGs on large scale out of the 65 groups, 31 groups were linked by NABARD. Research Methodology: The population of study is 200 members which is taken from four districts in Haryana. The area of the study was Rewari, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh and Mewat districts of Haryana state. All 200 respondents have been administered with a structured questionnaire for the purpose of the study. The selection of the respondents has been randomly made from the cities and villages from given districts.

To analyses effectiveness of SHGs programs run by different institutions on empowerment.

The table (1.1) shows the involvement of various institutions in empowerment of Self Help Groups (SHGs) member in Rewari, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh and Mewat districts. The govt. Agencies mostly contributes in the Rewari, Mahendragarh and Mewat districts. While in district Bhiwani govt. agencies as well as the other agencies contribute maximally on the contrary. The role of NGOs is almost negligible in all sample districts.

The table (1.2) examines about cost and hassle free services provided by the said institutions in sample districts. The govt. agencies mostly contribute in the Rewari, Mahendragarh and Mewat districts. While in district Bhiwani govt. agencies as well as the other agencies contribute mostly. On

The table (1.4) shows the institution preferred by Self Help Groups (SHGs) for financial inclusions to its members in sample districts. It examines that govt. agencies play major role in all sample districts individually as well as in totally. While, on the contrary, the least role is played by NGOs.

Regarding the review of respondents after joining the Self Help Groups (SHGs) about income, raise voice in meeting, increment in family income, financial assistance ,importance of their education for development ,change in education status, family planning in education, in view of respondents in all sample districts the income has been increased or the members are benefited in lieu of income from Self Help Groups (SHGs) efforts, the individual income as well as the family income of the respondents has been increased or the members are benefited in lieu of income from SHGs efforts. As far as rising voice in the meeting is concerned in Mahendragarh and Mewat districts, the member are more aware about their right than other districts, the SHGs provide less medical facility in Rewari districts than the other three, regarding the financial assistance, in the districts it is very much in tandem provided by SHG‘s, the education also plays crucial role in development of a family, this statement is being also being accepted by respondents in all Regards the involvement of various institutions in empowerment of Self Help Groups (SHGs) member in Rewari, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh and Mewat districts, the govt. Agencies mostly contributes in the Rewari, Mahendragarh and Mewat districts while in district Bhiwani govt. agencies as well as the other agencies contribute mostly. On the contrary, the role of NGOs is almost negligible in all sample districts. The role played for providing timely services played by Govt. Agencies is maximum and the same is minimum by NGOs. Regarding cost and hassle free services, the govt. agencies contribute most in the Rewari, Mahendragarh and Mewat districts while in district Bhiwani govt. agencies as well as the other agencies contribute mostly on the contrary. The role of NGOs is very much negligible in all sample districts. As far as, the preference of institutions by Self Help Groups (SHGs) members for financial inclusion in sample districts is concerned, govt. agencies play major role in all sample districts individually as well as totally, while on the contrary the least role is played by NGOs in all districts individually as well as totally.

• The Banks, Other Agencies and especially NGOs should consider about contributing in empowerment of SHGs members in timely, cost and hassle free services. • The other sampled agencies in addition to govt. agencies should consider the factor of cost in providing loan and other services to the SHGs members. • The branch network of all agencies including govt. agencies is not as per the expectation, so they should think about spreading the network branch especially in Mewat, Mahendragarh and Rewari. • The services provided by the institution to the SHGs members with the help of SHGs is not up to the mark in Mewat and Rewari district because of the way of providing the services (hassle free) so the researcher suggests to provide hassle free services in the aforesaid districts.

Kumari, P. M. (2011). Empowerment Of Women And Rural Development A Study Of Self-Help Groups In West Godavari District. Guntur. Raheem. A. (2005).Women‟s Self-Help Group for Alleviating Poverty, Kisan World, 32(7)a Thomas, K. (2003). The Role Of Voluntaryassoclatlons On Women Empowerment In Kerata With Special Reference To Ernakumm District. Thevara. HARYANA, G. O. (2003). Training Manual On Self-Help Groups For Micro-Enterprise Development. Haryana Community Forestry Project Haryana Forest Department. http://aajeevika.gov.in/ https://www.nabard.org/Publication/NABARD_AR_2014_15_ENGLISH.pdf

Assistant Professor C. D. R. J. M. Butana, Sonipat dharma.jajoria@gmail.com