A Case Study on Diminishing of Hazard Related With Disaster by Utilizing Vetiver Grass System in Ecological System

Vetiver grass is a thickly tufted cluster grass which can be effectively settled in the two tropics and temperate locales of the world. It assumes an indispensable job in watershed assurance by backing off and spreading spill over innocuously on the farmland, reviving ground water, lessening siltation of waste systems and water bodies, diminishing agro-synthetic concoctions stacking into water bodies and for recovery of corrupted soils. Vetiver grass could endure amazingly abnormal amounts of heavy metals. It could be utilized as natural vermin control. The utilization of vetiver grass has been viewed as a minimal effort innovation for soil and water preservation; on-and off-farm land and water sources adjustment and remediation of dirtied soils; and improvement of water quality for irrigation purposes when contrasted and other soil protection advancements. It could be a dynamic instrument for mitigating ecological and agricultural issues, along these lines upgrading crop yield and supporting throughout the entire year agricultural development. As of late, vetiver grass has been utilized to raise creatures of various types. These are the customary employments of live vetiver plant to perform explicit capacities in agricultural and non-agricultural applications, for example, for soil and water preservation, incline adjustment, disintegration control, ecological insurance, assimilation of heavy metals, disaster mitigation, wastewater treatment, and so on., without being gathered and handled into completed or semi-completed products.

Generally, managing disasters concentrated on emergency reaction, however towards the finish of the twentieth century it was progressively recognized that disasters are not natural (regardless

anticipate misfortunes and mitigate the effects of disasters. Since we can't lessen the seriousness of natural hazards, the fundamental opportunity for diminishing danger lies in decreasing helplessness and presentation. Lessening these two segments of hazard requires distinguishing and diminishing the hidden drivers of hazard, which are especially identified with poor economic and urban development decisions and practice, debasement of the earth, poverty and disparity and environmental change, which make and worsen states of hazard, presentation and powerlessness. Tending to these basic hazard drivers will diminish disaster chance, reduce the effects of environmental change and, thus, keep up the manageability of development.

In that capacity, VGT isn't and can't be a substitute for proper siting of infrastructure, for staying away from infringement into flood plains and other vulnerable areas, for ending watershed and soil degradation, in short, for generally speaking great natural asset management and land stewardship, for presence of mind, and for quality designs and development. Having said that, VGT can be incorporated into our systems so as to make them 'increasingly resistant' to disaster and 'progressively efficient' at enduring them. It can expand their valuable lives between extreme events and increment their edges of security. The achievement of VGT in ensuring roads and infrastructure in El Salvador and in saving farmer's fields in Honduras lot broader application. At long last, time after time we overlook, until a disaster tags along to advise us, that it isn't sufficient that we build or design for normal conditions. Specialists recall this instinctually. Natural asset experts regularly don't, particularly those working with the provincial poor. We acknowledge soil and harvest management systems and unprotected feeder roads since we comprehend the farmer's and poor network's rationale and time horizon; an economic calculus that does not really focus on the medium and long terms.

Hazard and hazard data might be utilized to illuminate a broad range regarding exercises to decrease chance, from improving building codes and designing danger decrease measures, (for example, flood and storm surge assurance), to doing full scale level evaluations of the dangers to various sorts of buildings (for organizing interest in reconstruction and retrofitting, for instance). Eco-DRR is the economic management, conservation and restoration of ecosystems to decrease disaster hazard, with the mean to achieve practical and flexible development. A well-overseen ecosystem can diminish physical introduction to natural hazards by filling in as natural defensive boundaries and give insurance against basic natural hazards, for example, floods and landslides and these are seen to be financially savvy and are a no lament venture. The absence of identification and development of appropriate verdure systems is the principle emergency in the ongoing Eco-DRR progressions (Figure 1). The vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) belongs to the Poaceae family and is a special tropical plant.

source of vetiver fundamental oil and numerous other ecological applications. The vetiver is an exceptionally tolerant plant to the extreme climatic conditions, for example, prolonged drought, flood, submergence and extreme temperatures from - 15°C to +55°C, wide scope of soil pH from 3.3-12.5 without soil alteration and is exceedingly tolerant to hazardous metals. It has a high elasticity of 85.10 ± 31.2 contrasted with different grasses. The ebb and flow utilizations of this plant incorporate tidy up instrument for heavy metal contaminated iron metal mine-soil, smaller scale toxin filtering control, treatment of waste water from an institutional kitchen and remediation of hazardous pesticides like Endosulfan. However, the Eco-DRR capability of vetiver grass system isn't quite investigated by the exploration network. Disaster hazard decrease rehearses and ecological management are not all around associated in India and there are very few key passages focuses and stages for integrating condition and hazard decrease measurements. Production of a multi-disciplinary network participatory methodology will decrease the gap among areas with the end goal of expanding effectiveness of hazard decrease. Over the most recent couple of years the ecosystem-based methodology has gotten much consideration in the disaster hazard and environmental change networks in the nation, however there are as yet numerous requirements in research and practice. The present investigation is an itemized examination of Eco-DRR uses of vetiver system in an Indian setting.

Methodologically, the research centres around the two primary aims of the vetiver system, (1) the two case studies and (2) the development of field execution practice.

In preparing each case ponder unique consideration was set on the investigation of efficient hazard decrease management instruments, so as to feature the effectiveness of vetiver system methods for managing the specific vulnerability. Point by point field visits were made in the long stretch of May 2016 to Punchavayalkattu locale of Neendoor Panchayath in Kottayam area and Twyford tea bequest district of Elappara Panchayath, Idukki region, both in Kerala state, India. Occasional floods and landslips, individually, are the major environmental hazards in these districts. Self-report estimates, for example, individual meetings and cantered gathering talks with local individuals, agricultural officers, and chose delegates of local governments, engineers and environmental masters were done (Table 1).

For this reason, a national dimension law known as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) which expects to improve livelihood security in rustic areas by giving no less than 100 days of compensation work in a money related year to each family unit whose grown-up individuals volunteer to do incompetent manual work was drawn closer. After successful discourses, an itemized undertaking was submitted to the town level specialists of MGNREGA for the usage of vetiver system in the field. A vetiver nursery was set up in the Mahatma Gandhi college grounds at Kottayam in Kerala, by considering soil type, topography, shading and irrigation facilities to give adequate stock materials to vegetative culture spread of vetiver and to guarantee great quality and adequate number of slips. The banks of River Pamba arranged in the Ranni-Perinadu town of Kerala were chosen for the preliminary execution of vetiver system. The Pamba River is the third biggest river in Kerala and is seriously contaminated because of a yearly religious mass social occasion. The capacity of vetiver system in river water sanitization and related hazards mitigation has been all around concentrated by different researchers. Around seven hundred vetiver slips were planted in the Pamba river save money with the dynamic help of twenty MGNREGA laborers in November 2016. The dynamic support of MGNREGA officers, field specialists, chose delegates and local people groups made the field usage of VS a triumph (Figure 2). The activity was secured by the real papers in the state.

to be effective so as to prevent bund disintegration and land slips individually. Vetiver hedges are utilized for securing road banks and are financially savvy, require less maintenance and are work serious. The capability of VS as minimal effort bioengineering strategy was first tended to by the

can go about as natural infrastructure, lessening physical introduction to numerous hazards and give some livelihood choices to the local network. A few studies and research documents explain the societal uses of vetiver plant, for example, in oil production], as cattle feed, soil and water conservation apparatus, as a green fuel, as a cement replacement building material, as anti-termite insecticide, vetiver-clay composite storage bin and as ornamentals. Hence Eco- DRR activities with the VS usage not just offers an opportunity to fortify natural infrastructure and human resilience against hazard impacts, yet in addition creates a scope of other social, economic and environmental advantages for various partners. Genuine thought of the job of ecosystem for DRR parts, for example, hazard mitigation, livelihood security and resilience to disasters came about just in the course of the most recent decade inside the DRR people group. The vetiver grass advances can give savvy and economical answers for lessen the effect of various natural hazards and disasters. So as to guarantee that interests in ecosystem management are effective, an assortment of new DRR apparatuses and approaches pointing long term reflections and limit development of partners should be designed and tried. A fruitful execution practice is the foundation of any Eco-DRR movement. Field execution regarding settled national dimension projects, for example, MGNREGA will reinforce VS based Eco-DRR activities. According to the MGNREGA, making of tough resources and fortifying of livelihood resource base of the provincial poor is a fundamental goal of the plan. The numerous advantages of vetiver system incorporate disaster chance management, ecosystem management and social development parts. The principle parts in every division are recounted in the Figure 3.

Present disaster hazard management exercises in India, essentially center around the basic parts of disaster management and ecosystem-based mediations have been inadequate. The vetiver grass concentrated on the present investigation has superb Eco-DRR efficiencies. Effective use of the VS can diminish or even dispose of numerous sorts of natural hazards, for example, landslides, mud slides, road bund shakiness, and disintegration. The utilization of vetiver grass along muddy roadside (case examine I) and in the tea estate (case think about II) are found.

VG can assume a key job in disaster mitigation and vulnerability decrease. Nonetheless, we ought not escape on characterizing the potential for its effect. The reason and job of VG in disaster mitigation and weakness decrease is to secure and monitor, not nature, yet our mediations inside nature and our endeavours to oversee nature for our very own finishes. Extreme events like Hurricane Mitch make conditions which basically overpower our works and our created systems. Ecosystem based territorial developmental projects are rising worldwide and consequently green innovations and systems for the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards should be created. There is a need to feature the significance of a one of a kind grasses like Vetiver that has numerous one of a kind attribute. The two case studies in the approach in Eco-DRR and VS can assume a key job in disaster mitigation and vulnerability decrease. Today experts are searching for new arrangements in DRR exercises on the grounds that traditional designing methodologies are deficient, particularly in a thickly populated tropical nation like India. The VS applications is a long-enduring, financially savvy, network based and condition agreeable bio-designing instrument for natural disaster mitigation and infrastructure assurance. The best practice distinguished and created through this investigation (VS execution through MGNREGA) can be effectively actualized in Indian conditions with the dynamic help of the local populace. Applying the Vetiver System Technology as a phytoremediation apparatus for environmental insurance is a creative methodology that has colossal potential. VST is a natural, green, basic, practicable and financially savvy arrangement. In particular, Vetiver's leaf side-effect offers a scope of employments from painstaking work, creature feeds, covers, mulch and fuel, to give some examples.

1. Estrella M. & Saalismaa N. (2013). Ecosystem-based DRR: An overview In: The Role of Ecosystems in Disaster Risk Reduction pp: 26-47. 2. Sudmeier R. & Ash N. (2009). Environmental Guidance Note for Disaster Risk Reduction. IUCN Commission for Ecosystem management series no.8. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 3. Dolidon N., Hofer T., Jansky L., Sidle, R. (2009). Watershed and forest management for landslide risk reduction in Sassa K and Canuti P. Landslides. Disaster risk reduction. Pp. 633-649. 4. Gupta P., Roy S. & Mahindrakar B.A. (2012). Treatment of Water Using Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and Vetiver Grass - A Review. Resources and Environment 2: pp. 202-215. 5. Truong P., Tan Van T., Pinners E. (2008). Vetiver system applications technical reference manual, (2ndedn) The Vetiver Network International. 6. Banerjee R., Goswamim P., Pathak K., Mukherjee A. (2006). Vetiver grass: An environment clean-up tool for heavy metal contaminated iron ore mine-soil. Ecological Engineering 90: pp. 25-34. 7. Dousset S., Ondo Zue Abaga N., Billet D. (2016). Vetiver grass and micropollutant under outdoor conditions. Pedosphere 26: pp. 522-532. 8. Mathew M., Rosary C., Sebastian M., Cherian M.S. (2016). Effectiveness of Vetiver System for the treatment of wastewater from an Institutional Kitchen. Procedia Technology 24: pp. 203-209. 9. Abaga N.O.Z., Dousset S., Munier-Lamy C., Billet D. (2014). Effectiveness of Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria Zizanioides L. Nash) for phytoremediation of endosulfan in two Cotton Soils from Burkina Faso. International Journal of Phytoremediation 16: pp. 95-108. 10. Jalal N.F. & Kumar S. (2013). Water Quality Assessment of Pamba River of Kerala, India in Relation to Pilgrimage Season. Int J Res Chem Environ 3: pp. 341-347. 11. Islam M.S. & Arifuzzaman (2009). Performance of Vetiver Grass in Protecting Embankments on the Bangladesh Coast against Cyclonic Tidal Surge in 5th National Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration Preparing for Climate Change: Science, Practice, and Policy. 12. Swati Singh, Sreeja S.N., Anil K.G. (2013). Ecosystem Services for Disaster Risk Reduction: a case study of wetland in east Delhi region, India. Global journal of human social science geography, geo-sciences, environmental disaster management 13. 13. Truong P. (2004). The global impact of vetiver grass technology on the environment. In Proceedings of the second international Vetiver conference, Thailand. 14. TVNIV (2010). Vetiver for cattle feed, accessed on 22-11-2016. 15. Nix K.E., Henderson G., Zhu B.C.R., Laine R.A. (2006). Evaluation of vetiver grass root growth, oil distribution, and repellency against Formosan subterranean termites. Hort Science 41: pp. 167-171.

M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Geography, MDU Rohtak sachinbajwan1827@gmail.com