An Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles Derived From Foeniculum Vulgare: A Review of their Properties and Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

This research is on the use of Foeniculum vulgare as a mediator in the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs): production, properties, and possible applications in biology. Nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting an extract of the medicinal herb Foeniculum vulgare with a 2M solution of zinc acetate. A variety of state-of-the-art techniques, including as FTIR, SEM, EXD, SEM, and XRD, were used to examine the synthesized ZnO Nps. Using the XRD approach, we calculated the average diameter of the synthesized Nps using the Debye-Scherrer equation (D = kλ / γ θ cos). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the reaction's stable, white-colored Nps revealed the production of ZnO Nps. The size of the synthesized Nps was determined to be 22.94 nm using the SE technique. The phytochemical analysis revealed that compared to the crude extract, the NPs contained a greater quantity of secondary metabolites. The plant was found to have a high concentration of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and alcoholic chemicals in that order. According to the research, flavonoids are at the top of the phytochemical food chain, followed by phenolic compounds and alcoholic chemicals. Antibacterial and antioxidant tests were conducted on plant crude extract and plant mediated ZnO nanoparticles to determine their biological potential. Positive findings from the DPPH and TRP tests validated the antioxidant capacity, while the well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial potential. Significant inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial growth was observed. There is no proof that ZnO NPs mediated by plants may kill off Listeria monocytogenes bacterial population was found, nevertheless.