Hazards Associated with X-ray Imaging: A Comprehensive Review and Expanded Analysis

Authors

  • Meshal Mohammed Nasser Shutayfi Radiographer, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
  • Mahmoud Oudah Faleh AlBalawi Radiology technician, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
  • Raed Faihan Mohammad Alotaibi Radiology technician, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
  • Abdulaziz Sarhan Awadh Alasmari Radiology Technician , Prince Sultan Medical City, Riyadh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29070/4hct9e02

Keywords:

X-ray imaging, radiation exposure, biological effects, radiation dose, deterministic effects, stochastic effects, cancer risk, ALARA principle, radiation protection, medical imaging safety, fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), pediatric imaging, occupational exposure, lead shielding, dose optimization, emerging technologies, photon-counting detectors, artificial intelligence (AI), regulatory frameworks, ICRP, NCRP, WHO, FDA, radiation risk assessment, radiation-induced cancer, radiation safety guidelines

Abstract

X-ray imaging is a cornerstone of modern medical diagnostics, providing critical insights into the human body's internal structures. However, the use of X-rays is not without risks. This paper aims to comprehensively review the hazards associated with X-ray imaging, including radiation exposure, biological effects, and safety measures. We also present expanded tables summarizing key data on radiation doses, risk factors, and protective strategies. Additionally, we delve into emerging technologies, regulatory frameworks, and future directions to mitigate risks associated with X-ray imaging.

References

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). (2019). "Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of the United States."

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). (2007). "The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection."

World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). "Communicating Radiation Risks in Paediatric Imaging."

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2020). "Radiation-Emitting Products: X-ray Imaging."

Smith-Bindman, R., et al. (2012). "Radiation Dose Associated with Common Computed Tomography Examinations." Archives of Internal Medicine.

Brenner, D. J., & Hall, E. J. (2007). "Computed Tomography—An Increasing Source of Radiation Exposure." New England Journal of Medicine.

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Published

2025-01-01

How to Cite

[1]
“Hazards Associated with X-ray Imaging: A Comprehensive Review and Expanded Analysis”, JASRAE, vol. 22, no. 01, pp. 56–62, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.29070/4hct9e02.

Issue

Vol. 22 No. 01 (2025): Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education (JASRAE)

Section

Articles

How to Cite

[1]
“Hazards Associated with X-ray Imaging: A Comprehensive Review and Expanded Analysis”, JASRAE, vol. 22, no. 01, pp. 56–62, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.29070/4hct9e02.